CHINA'S NEW ATTEMPTS IN BUILDING A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:CHINA-CEE COOPERATION

Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the

FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPACTS INTO LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND BUILDING REL ATED PRODUCTS

Products used during construction and operation of a building can contribute to Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)problems that affect occupants’well-being.However,IAQ is conventionally not addressed in the life cycle assessments(LCAs)of buildings and building related products even though IAQ leads to one of the areas of protection under LCA-human health impacts.In this study,we proposed an overall framework for integrating IAQ into LCA using the standard steps of LCA.The framework focused on IAQ and LCA modeling from two categories of building related products:i)passive products that realize their function through initial installation and have long-term decayed emissions,and ii)active equipment that realize their function and cause emissions through daily operation.Dynamic and static life cycle inventory modeling approaches were proposed for passive products and active equipment,respectively.An indoor intake fraction equation and USEtox model effect factors were incorporated into the life cycle impact assessment.Three hypothetical examples were presented to illustrate the calculation procedure of the framework.We concluded that it was feasible to integrate IAQ into building related LCA studies.Development of IAQ related impact assessment methodologies can improve upon the limitations of this study.Further studies need to be carried out to compare the health impacts from IAQ related sources to other life cycle stages of building related products.

China and the United States Should Build A New Type of Major Powers Relations——A Study on China’s U.S. Policy Thinking since the New Century

Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Century. Entering the new century, the international situation has undergone profound and complicated changes, the national strength gap between China and the United States has narrowed, their common interests have expanded, differences and contradictions have increased. Therefore, China stands for both countries to adhere to the direction of developing cooperative partnership, respect each other, abide by the promises, seek equal and mutual benefits and win-win cooperation, and mutually respect each others core interests. The future development of China-U.S. relations still face many challenges and China’s U.S. policy thinking needs to keep abreast with the times.