Two interannual variability modes of the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone in boreal summer

Using the reanalysis data and 20th century simulation of coupled model FGOALS_gl developed by LASG/IAP, we identified two distinct interannual modes of Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone （NWPAC） by performing Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis on 850 hPa wind field over the northwestern Pacific in summer. Based on the associated anoma- lous equatorial zonal wind, these two modes are termed as ＂Equatorial Easterly related Mode＂ （EEM） and ＂Equatorial Westerly related Mode＂ （EWM）, respectively. The formation mechanisms of these two modes are similar, whereas the maintenance mechanisms, dominant periods, and the relationships with ENSO are different. The EEM is associated with E1 Nifio decaying phase, with the anomalous anticyclone established in the preceding winter and persisted into summer through local positive air-sea feedback. By enhancing equatorial upwelling of subsurface cold water, EEM favors the transition of ENSO from E1 Nifio to La Nifia. The EWM is accompanied by the E1 Nifio events with long persistence, with the anomalous anticyclone formed in spring and strengthened in summer due to the warm Sea Surface Temperature anomalies （SSTA） forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. The model well reproduces the spatial patterns of these two modes, but fails to simulate the percentage variance accounted for by the two modes. In the NCEP reanalysis （model result）, EEM （EWM） appears as the first mode, which accounts for 35.6% （68.2%） of the total variance.

Three-dimensional analysis of relationship between relative orientation and motion modes

Target motion modes have a close relationship with the relative orientation of missile-totarget in three-dimensional highly maneuvering target interception. From the perspective of relationship between the sensor coordinate system and the target body coordinate system, a basic model of sensor is stated and the definition of relative angular velocity between the two coordinate systems is introduced firstly. Then, the three-dimensional analytic expressions of relative angular velocity for different motion modes are derived and simplified by analyzing the influences of target centroid motion, rotation around centroid and relative motion. Finally, the relationships of the relative angular velocity directions and values with motion modes are discussed. Simulation results validate the rationality of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that there are significant differences of the relative orientation in different motion modes which include luxuriant information about motion modes. The conclusions are significant for the research of motion mode identification,maneuver detection, maneuvering target tracking and interception using target signatures.

Green Economy, Green Capitalism and the Imperial Mode of Living： Limits to a Prominent Strategy, Contours of a Possible New Capitalist Formation

Since some years, the strategy of a Green Economy as a current form of ecological modernization was proposed. The paper highlights the core issues of the concept and its structural constraints. Several constraints of a far-reaching realization of a Green Economy are presented, and one constraint is highlighted, i.e., the imperial mode of （production and） living. The latter gives emphasis to the continuous and largely unquestioned access to products produced by cheap labor and under environmentally problematic conditions. This mode of living, the paper argues, is also attractive among the upper and middle classed in countries with emerging economies like China. Moreover, it compares it with the concept of sustainable development which emerged some 15 years ago. Like sustainable development, proposals for a Green Economy might become ＂a tranquilizing dis- positive＂ in order to silence doubt and criticisms. However, it is argued that, despite the improbability of realizing the ambitious objectives, the Green Economy strategy might contribute to further capitalist development. Environmental issues might be integrated into the mode of production and living. However, given capitalist and imperial structures and dynamics, this will occur in highly selective and partial ways. The author calls this emerging constellation and possible new mode of development in some countries or regions of the world Green Capitalism.

Novel Video Steganography Algorithm Based on Secret Sharing and Error-Correcting Code for H.264/AVC

In this paper, we analyze the video steganography technique, which is used to ensure national security and the confidentiality of the information of governmental agencies and enterprises. Videos may be used to transmit secrets and conduct covert communication. As such, we present an algorithm based on a secret sharing scheme and an Error-Correcting Code（ECC）, which combines Grey Relational Analysis（GRA） with a partition mode in video compression standard H.264/AVC. First, we process secret information by secret sharing, and then use an ECC to process the obtained information. Moreover, we choose the Discrete Cosine Transform（DCT） blocks using GRA, and then use rules to hide the pretreated information in DCT coefficients of the video frames. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm has good invisibility, better robustness, good anti-steganalysis ability, and little influence on the bit rate of the video carrier. In addition, the bit error rate is low after attacks such as noise, filtering,or frame loss in the simulation environment.