Internet addiction (IA) is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to d...Internet addiction (IA) is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of IA with depression, loneliness and health related lifestyle among university students. Cross-sectional survey was conducted by enrolling 175 students of Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Internet addiction test (IAT) was used to assess the level of IA. Depression, loneliness, and health related lifestyle were assessed using Peradeniya depression scale (PDS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale and health practice score (HPS) respectively. T-test and ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences; and correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between variables. Overall, 40.6% of students were placed in IA group. Generally 28.6% of students had mild and 12.0% had moderate addiction. No case of severe IA was seen. There were 20.6% of students in depressive state and 17.1% of students had poor HPS. The average score that the student got from loneliness scale was 23.42. There was a positive significant correlation between IA and both depression and loneliness. Moreover, a negative significant correlation found between IA and health related lifestyle. Male students had higher IA scores than female students. The study results are considered to develop preventive interventions and treatment strategies.展开更多
We investigated factors contributing to mobile phone dependence. To 139 medical students, we administered a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate mobile phone dependence, health-related lifestyle, patterns...We investigated factors contributing to mobile phone dependence. To 139 medical students, we administered a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate mobile phone dependence, health-related lifestyle, patterns of behavior, and depressive state. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that scores for poor health-related lifestyle, Type A behavior pattern, and presence of depression are independently associated with degree of mobile phone dependency. These findings suggest that persons with an unhealthy lifestyle, Type A behavior traits, or depression might benefit from mobile phone use guidance.展开更多
This study investigates the avoidance of relative clauses by high vocational college students and also explores the differences in the avoidance of the RCs by high-level students and low-level students in their Englis...This study investigates the avoidance of relative clauses by high vocational college students and also explores the differences in the avoidance of the RCs by high-level students and low-level students in their English writings. The data used in this study have been collected from English writing tasks and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS17.0). The major findings of this study are stated as follows: 1) There are significant differences in the production of the relative clauses in their English writings by Chinese higher vocational college students and English native speakers. Avoidance of relative clauses exists in the English writings of higher vocational college students. 2) High-level Chinese higher vocational college students display less of the avoidance phenomenon in their English writings than low-level students.展开更多
Measuring and monitoring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth are important for both researchers and decision makers. During the time that young people are at university, many will encounter a number of aca...Measuring and monitoring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth are important for both researchers and decision makers. During the time that young people are at university, many will encounter a number of academic, as well as social, emotional and psychological difficulties. The aims of this study are to: 1) assess the health related quality of life of youths using SF-36 questionnaire and its factor determinants, and 2) provide an objective basis for a health promotion structure. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in South Lebanon, in a population of 282 young university students attending a public university which is the largest and most widespread institution of higher education in Lebanon. Socioeconomic and lifestyle behaviors data were collected. Students’ HRQoL was measured using the SF-36 Health Survey. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 18.7 years (SD = 1.16), 80.1% were women, 64.5% were living in rural area. The proportion of current smokers was significantly greater among men than women (26.8% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.01). Water pipe was the main type of smoking. Education of the fathers had negatively influenced HRQoL. Younger age scored higher in Social Functioning and Role-Emotional;the area of residence had no influences on SF-36 scales scores. Females had poorer HRQoL than males especially in mental health scales. Smokers had low Vitality and Mental Health scores. Sedentary lifestyle was linked to a lower score of Physical Functioning (β = -5.16, 95% CI = -7.67 -2.65), and Vitality ( β= -5.85, 95% CI = -10.24 -1.45). The HRQoL of the students studying business and economics was higher than those studying health. Conclusion: Youths’ HRQoL is affected by socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics. Effective health-promoting actions, social support, and counseling services should be implemented in the campus and are a necessary step towards the main goal of improving the overall HRQoL of the university young students in Lebanon.展开更多
Health related-physical fitness (HRPF) is critical for maintaining and enhancing health and quality of life. Purposes: To estimate the reference values and predictive equations for frequently used clinical field HRPF ...Health related-physical fitness (HRPF) is critical for maintaining and enhancing health and quality of life. Purposes: To estimate the reference values and predictive equations for frequently used clinical field HRPF measures in a sample of Saudi female college students aged 18 - 24 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, body fat percentage (BF %) was estimated. Curl-up test (CUT) and sit and reach test (SRT) were applied in 216 students. The Queen’s College Step Test (QCST) was used to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub> max). Physical activity (PA) level was also measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The mean of BF %, SRT, CUT, and predicted VO<sub>2</sub> max were 23.98% ± 6.13%, 17.10 ± 7.50 cm, 28.17 ± 7.72 number/min, and 39.58 ± 4.01 ml/kg/min respectively. There was no significant effect of age on all HRPF measures except for BF % (F <sub>(6,215)</sub> = 3.25, p <sub>(6,215)</sub> = 4.01, p strated that BMI was the predictor for BF % and SRT and explained 65% and 4% of total variance respectively. IPAQ score, age, and height were the predictors of CUT counting 17% of total variance. While, BMI and IPAQ score were the predictors for VO<sub>2</sub> max and explained 13% of the total variance. Conclusion: Reference values can be used clinically in the evaluation of HRPF, in the rehabilitation process as well as in designing a program to improve the HRPF for female college students with consideration of age, height, BMI, and PA level for a particular population.展开更多
This article, the purpose of which is to deal with some problems in studying and teaching English, is merely for the students of English to read, who have just entered the second year at a foreign languages institute....This article, the purpose of which is to deal with some problems in studying and teaching English, is merely for the students of English to read, who have just entered the second year at a foreign languages institute. When teaching the second-year students, I have often been asked this awkward question: "What do you think is the correct way to study English?" It took me quite a time to answer it. Now after many years of teaching I think I have some ideas on this subject.展开更多
In recent four decades, relative clause has interested many scholars due to its unique structural complexity. This articletook Chinese senior high school students as subjects and found their acquisition order of relat...In recent four decades, relative clause has interested many scholars due to its unique structural complexity. This articletook Chinese senior high school students as subjects and found their acquisition order of relative clauses fully coincided with Ku-no’s Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis but partly agreed with Keenan&Comire’s Noun Phrase Accessibility Hypothesis and Hamil-ton’s SO Hierarchal Hypothesis, which can provide implications and references for the English relative clauses’ learning andteaching.展开更多
Smartphones use for a long period of time can cause health problems including physical condition, psychological condition and sleeping status. In addition, smartphones use may affect menstruation related symptoms. Thi...Smartphones use for a long period of time can cause health problems including physical condition, psychological condition and sleeping status. In addition, smartphones use may affect menstruation related symptoms. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire between June and November in 2016 to clarify the differences in physical and psychological condition, sleeping status and menstruation-related symptoms before and after starting to use smartphones in female university students in Japan. We recruited 273 female nursing students and the response rate was 95.2%. We found significant changes after starting to use smartphones regarding eyestrain (p < 0.001), posture (p = 0.002), stiffness of neck, back and shoulders (p < 0.001), level of outdoor activity (p < 0.001), difficulty concentrating (p < 0.001), lack of motivation (p < 0.001), and sensitivity to stress (p = 0.005). Moreover, we also found that fatigue before menstruation and headache/low back pain during menstruation were higher after starting to use smartphones. The proportions of students with irritability and depressive feeling as emotional premenstrual symptoms appeared higher after starting to use smartphones. These results imply that young women should refrain from using smartphones if they have visual display terminal-related symptoms, disturbance of sleep pattern and menstruation-related symptoms before and during menstruation.展开更多
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of data mining in educational systems. This recognition makes educational data mining a new growing research community. One way to achieve the highe...There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of data mining in educational systems. This recognition makes educational data mining a new growing research community. One way to achieve the highest level of quality in a higher education system is by discovering knowledge from educational data such as students’ enrollment data. Many mining tools that aim to discover exciting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or casual structures among sets of items in educational data sets have been proposed. One of the widely used tools is association rules. In this paper, the Apriori algorithm is used to generate association rules to discover the importance and correlation between factors that influence student’s decision to enroll in higher education institutions in Sudan. The algorithm is applied using a student’s enrollment data set that was created using a questionnaire and 800 students enrolled in governmental and private sector universities as a sample. This paper classifies factors that influence enrollment into: student’s demographic factors and four categories of enrollment related factors (Student and Society, Educational Institution, Admission, and Employment related factors), and determines the most influential factors in determining student’s decision to enroll in Sudanese universities. The analysis result shows that the Educational Institution related factors (50%) and Admission related factors (40%) are strongly influencing students’ enrollment decision, while the Employment related factors (10%) and Student and Society related factors (0%) have weak influence. The factors out of the 14 Educational Institution related factors that have a high impact are: reputation, diversity of study, quality of education, education facilities, and feasibility.展开更多
during the past twenty year,many of the major developments in language teaching in some way related to the need to acknowledge affective factors in language learning.
This study analyzes the public relations curricula of 44 American colleges that have a Public Relations (PR) Student Society of America (PRSSA) chapter. Through content analysis, this study examines general requir...This study analyzes the public relations curricula of 44 American colleges that have a Public Relations (PR) Student Society of America (PRSSA) chapter. Through content analysis, this study examines general requirements, core public relations courses, requirements of public relations programs and strategic communication programs, and optional public relations courses offered by the colleges. The findings of this study reveal that very few public relations programs offer courses involving new media, crisis communication, and PR ethics. In order to keep in touch with the fast-changing public relations landscape, more PR programs should require and integrate new media, crisis communication and ethics courses.展开更多
文摘Internet addiction (IA) is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of IA with depression, loneliness and health related lifestyle among university students. Cross-sectional survey was conducted by enrolling 175 students of Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Internet addiction test (IAT) was used to assess the level of IA. Depression, loneliness, and health related lifestyle were assessed using Peradeniya depression scale (PDS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale and health practice score (HPS) respectively. T-test and ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences; and correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between variables. Overall, 40.6% of students were placed in IA group. Generally 28.6% of students had mild and 12.0% had moderate addiction. No case of severe IA was seen. There were 20.6% of students in depressive state and 17.1% of students had poor HPS. The average score that the student got from loneliness scale was 23.42. There was a positive significant correlation between IA and both depression and loneliness. Moreover, a negative significant correlation found between IA and health related lifestyle. Male students had higher IA scores than female students. The study results are considered to develop preventive interventions and treatment strategies.
文摘We investigated factors contributing to mobile phone dependence. To 139 medical students, we administered a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate mobile phone dependence, health-related lifestyle, patterns of behavior, and depressive state. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that scores for poor health-related lifestyle, Type A behavior pattern, and presence of depression are independently associated with degree of mobile phone dependency. These findings suggest that persons with an unhealthy lifestyle, Type A behavior traits, or depression might benefit from mobile phone use guidance.
文摘This study investigates the avoidance of relative clauses by high vocational college students and also explores the differences in the avoidance of the RCs by high-level students and low-level students in their English writings. The data used in this study have been collected from English writing tasks and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS17.0). The major findings of this study are stated as follows: 1) There are significant differences in the production of the relative clauses in their English writings by Chinese higher vocational college students and English native speakers. Avoidance of relative clauses exists in the English writings of higher vocational college students. 2) High-level Chinese higher vocational college students display less of the avoidance phenomenon in their English writings than low-level students.
文摘Measuring and monitoring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth are important for both researchers and decision makers. During the time that young people are at university, many will encounter a number of academic, as well as social, emotional and psychological difficulties. The aims of this study are to: 1) assess the health related quality of life of youths using SF-36 questionnaire and its factor determinants, and 2) provide an objective basis for a health promotion structure. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in South Lebanon, in a population of 282 young university students attending a public university which is the largest and most widespread institution of higher education in Lebanon. Socioeconomic and lifestyle behaviors data were collected. Students’ HRQoL was measured using the SF-36 Health Survey. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 18.7 years (SD = 1.16), 80.1% were women, 64.5% were living in rural area. The proportion of current smokers was significantly greater among men than women (26.8% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.01). Water pipe was the main type of smoking. Education of the fathers had negatively influenced HRQoL. Younger age scored higher in Social Functioning and Role-Emotional;the area of residence had no influences on SF-36 scales scores. Females had poorer HRQoL than males especially in mental health scales. Smokers had low Vitality and Mental Health scores. Sedentary lifestyle was linked to a lower score of Physical Functioning (β = -5.16, 95% CI = -7.67 -2.65), and Vitality ( β= -5.85, 95% CI = -10.24 -1.45). The HRQoL of the students studying business and economics was higher than those studying health. Conclusion: Youths’ HRQoL is affected by socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics. Effective health-promoting actions, social support, and counseling services should be implemented in the campus and are a necessary step towards the main goal of improving the overall HRQoL of the university young students in Lebanon.
文摘Health related-physical fitness (HRPF) is critical for maintaining and enhancing health and quality of life. Purposes: To estimate the reference values and predictive equations for frequently used clinical field HRPF measures in a sample of Saudi female college students aged 18 - 24 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, body fat percentage (BF %) was estimated. Curl-up test (CUT) and sit and reach test (SRT) were applied in 216 students. The Queen’s College Step Test (QCST) was used to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub> max). Physical activity (PA) level was also measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The mean of BF %, SRT, CUT, and predicted VO<sub>2</sub> max were 23.98% ± 6.13%, 17.10 ± 7.50 cm, 28.17 ± 7.72 number/min, and 39.58 ± 4.01 ml/kg/min respectively. There was no significant effect of age on all HRPF measures except for BF % (F <sub>(6,215)</sub> = 3.25, p <sub>(6,215)</sub> = 4.01, p strated that BMI was the predictor for BF % and SRT and explained 65% and 4% of total variance respectively. IPAQ score, age, and height were the predictors of CUT counting 17% of total variance. While, BMI and IPAQ score were the predictors for VO<sub>2</sub> max and explained 13% of the total variance. Conclusion: Reference values can be used clinically in the evaluation of HRPF, in the rehabilitation process as well as in designing a program to improve the HRPF for female college students with consideration of age, height, BMI, and PA level for a particular population.
文摘This article, the purpose of which is to deal with some problems in studying and teaching English, is merely for the students of English to read, who have just entered the second year at a foreign languages institute. When teaching the second-year students, I have often been asked this awkward question: "What do you think is the correct way to study English?" It took me quite a time to answer it. Now after many years of teaching I think I have some ideas on this subject.
文摘In recent four decades, relative clause has interested many scholars due to its unique structural complexity. This articletook Chinese senior high school students as subjects and found their acquisition order of relative clauses fully coincided with Ku-no’s Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis but partly agreed with Keenan&Comire’s Noun Phrase Accessibility Hypothesis and Hamil-ton’s SO Hierarchal Hypothesis, which can provide implications and references for the English relative clauses’ learning andteaching.
文摘Smartphones use for a long period of time can cause health problems including physical condition, psychological condition and sleeping status. In addition, smartphones use may affect menstruation related symptoms. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire between June and November in 2016 to clarify the differences in physical and psychological condition, sleeping status and menstruation-related symptoms before and after starting to use smartphones in female university students in Japan. We recruited 273 female nursing students and the response rate was 95.2%. We found significant changes after starting to use smartphones regarding eyestrain (p < 0.001), posture (p = 0.002), stiffness of neck, back and shoulders (p < 0.001), level of outdoor activity (p < 0.001), difficulty concentrating (p < 0.001), lack of motivation (p < 0.001), and sensitivity to stress (p = 0.005). Moreover, we also found that fatigue before menstruation and headache/low back pain during menstruation were higher after starting to use smartphones. The proportions of students with irritability and depressive feeling as emotional premenstrual symptoms appeared higher after starting to use smartphones. These results imply that young women should refrain from using smartphones if they have visual display terminal-related symptoms, disturbance of sleep pattern and menstruation-related symptoms before and during menstruation.
文摘There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of data mining in educational systems. This recognition makes educational data mining a new growing research community. One way to achieve the highest level of quality in a higher education system is by discovering knowledge from educational data such as students’ enrollment data. Many mining tools that aim to discover exciting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or casual structures among sets of items in educational data sets have been proposed. One of the widely used tools is association rules. In this paper, the Apriori algorithm is used to generate association rules to discover the importance and correlation between factors that influence student’s decision to enroll in higher education institutions in Sudan. The algorithm is applied using a student’s enrollment data set that was created using a questionnaire and 800 students enrolled in governmental and private sector universities as a sample. This paper classifies factors that influence enrollment into: student’s demographic factors and four categories of enrollment related factors (Student and Society, Educational Institution, Admission, and Employment related factors), and determines the most influential factors in determining student’s decision to enroll in Sudanese universities. The analysis result shows that the Educational Institution related factors (50%) and Admission related factors (40%) are strongly influencing students’ enrollment decision, while the Employment related factors (10%) and Student and Society related factors (0%) have weak influence. The factors out of the 14 Educational Institution related factors that have a high impact are: reputation, diversity of study, quality of education, education facilities, and feasibility.
文摘during the past twenty year,many of the major developments in language teaching in some way related to the need to acknowledge affective factors in language learning.
文摘This study analyzes the public relations curricula of 44 American colleges that have a Public Relations (PR) Student Society of America (PRSSA) chapter. Through content analysis, this study examines general requirements, core public relations courses, requirements of public relations programs and strategic communication programs, and optional public relations courses offered by the colleges. The findings of this study reveal that very few public relations programs offer courses involving new media, crisis communication, and PR ethics. In order to keep in touch with the fast-changing public relations landscape, more PR programs should require and integrate new media, crisis communication and ethics courses.