Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

Impact of coupling coordination development of port and city environments on urban economic competitiveness:Evidence from the coastal port cities in eastern China

Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.

Strategic Study on Integration of Port and City Development in Rizhao

agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta （UAYD）, one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modern cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the con- structiori of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.

BORDER PORT MANZHOULI:URBAN FUNCTION AND SPACE DEVELOPMENT

Manzhouli is the largest land port city on the Sino-Russia border,transit cargo through the land port amount -ed to 5.95million tons,transit tour ists were 304500in 2000.It stands at the joint place of China,Mongolia an d Russi-a,faces to Siberia area of Russia,re ceives direct support from the North east China and Bohai Sea Rim Area,and possess-es priorities in geographical location,land port infrastructure,wate r resources,coal resources,touris t resources and great potentiality in economic coop eration with Russia.The future urban function is a key port on the First Eurasia Continen-tal Bridge.Manzhouli Port will keep its first place between China and Russia land transport,and it is forecasted that the transit amount through Manzhouli Port will go up to 10million tons in 2005and 20million tons in 2010.It will be construct-ed to be a trade center of the peripheral area extending to Russia and Mongolia,a key export-oriented processing industri-al zone supported by industries such as export processing industries,export agriculture,trade services,t echnology trad-ing and the other service industries.It keeps being a well-known touring city for trade,shopping,sightseeing,vocation,local food,recreation and cultural events.To build Manzhouli Export Pr ocessing Industry Zone will improve city econom-ic structure,and the main sectors are organic food processing,livestock products processing,garment and f urniture indus-try.Moreover,Manzhouli Export Pro cessing Industry Zone will eventually be upgraded to be a border free trad e zone.The city functional transition will inevitably affect urban spatial restructure and its expansion.The city space transforma-tion will develop as such:one develo pment axis of No.301highway paralle ling with Bin -Zhou(Harbin -Manzhouli)rail-way which cuts through central part o f Manzhouli City,and links Zhalainuoer District with central city;thre e urban units including central city,Zhalainuoer District and Manzhouli Interchange Trade Zone;cohesion with Aoerjin a nd Cuogang pastures;regional dual-nuclei str ucture of Hailaer City and Manhzouli City;and the Manzhouli-Zabaykalsk Free Trade Zone.

Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta,2002–2016

Using the ‘theoretical hypothesis—empirical study—case verification' method, this paper studies the spatial distribution and differentiation of port & shipping service enterprises(PSSE), as well as the variation process and underlying mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD). First, through inductive and deductive reasoning, we propose the following hypothesis: the regional distribution of different types of PSSE would show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendency; and there would be distinct regional differentiation in the industrial structure of the enterprises. Second, based on data obtained from enterprises, empirical research is conducted using Gini coefficient and spatial interpolation simulation methods. Results show that: 1) The overall enterprise distribution is decentralized within a city. 2) Different types of enterprises show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendencies. At 3000 m×3000 m grid scale, there is an agglomeration tendency along seas and rivers in the spatial distribution of enterprises. Shanghai has been identified consistently as a hot spot. 3) There is significant regional differentiation in 12 port cities with respect to the industrial structures of enterprises. Finally, the transportization and the increase of shipping service demand, the globalization and the expansion of multinational corporate activities, the hierarchization and the cooperation among port cities as well as the decentralization and the behavioral difference between the central and local states can be seen as main driving mechanism of the spatial phenomenon.

Expansion Plans for the Port of Durban： What Are the Issues for the City of Durban？

The Port of Durban is one of the largest ports in the Southern Hemisphere and is the main port for the Southern African region. However, the port is reaching its capacity limit and it is apparent that for South Africa＇s economic growth this port needs to expand. In order to expand the port needs to not only expand its waterside infrastructure but it would need to provide new logistics corridors though the city of Durban. The city of Durban has completely surrounded the port making expansion options difficult and intertwined with the planning of the city. This paper examines the various options and timelines for port expansion as well as the issues from the city perspective. Areas of possible conflict in this process revolve around traffic capacity and related road/rail infrastructure, environmental issues, social and economic impacts.

Zhangjiagang——A Modern Port City

Zhangjiagang, located on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and an important military town in ancient times, was previously under the. jurisdiction of Shazhou County. It became Zhangjiagang City in 1986, named after Zhangjiagang, a natural port in the area. With fertile soil, a good climate and sufficient rainfall, Zhangjiagang is a production base for high yield grain and good quality cotton. In addition, it is renowned for its variety of river food, chicken, peaches, grapes, wine, water melons and tea.

Introduction to the Port City of Seattle

Seattle Located on a neck of land between the Elliott Bay (the Puget Sound) and Lake Washington, Seattle is a major city of Washington State and the largest metropolis of the Pacific Northwest in the USA. It is a port of entry and gateway to Asia and Alaska. The city has an area of 84 square miles and a population of about 516,000 (1992), with a density of 10,879 per Square mile.

URBAN INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION SYTEM FOR CHINA′S COASTAL PORT CITIES

The Paper mainly applies multi-disciplinary theory, methods and geographic information system (GIS) technology to study the investment environment for coastal port cities. The methods of studying urban investment environment using GIS prompted. In this peper, it is mentioned that the study of investment environment with GIS can be divided into 3 layers of macro scope, medium scope and micro scope in the paper. A powerful user-friendly UIEIS (Urban Investment Environment Information System) has been designed to study the urban investment environment. A series of application analysis models (including investment environment assessment models,investment site selection models, documental data management models, statistical data.graph display model, economic analysis and prediction models, network analysis models) are developed for investment environment studies in coastal port cities. Ningbo, a very important coastal port city, is chosen as a pilot study city.

Research of the morphology of Zhejiang coastal port cities

Lince port cities are the first new force of China's economy to outside world, they have been developing rapidly under the open policy In this article, Zhejiang's coast port cities are taken as research subject Through intensive analysis of a great number of data which had been obtained during onthespot investigations, the regional conditions, superior and inferior conditions for development of Zhejiang's coast port cities are systematically surveyed, the development of their overall distribution trait, internal structure morphology and outer morphology is examined and the development trend of port city allocation is identified which provide theoretical basis for the further development of port cities

The establishment of Macao as a special port city and ensuing debates

Macao was one of the earliest port cities in China to be opened to foreigners; but how, under the institutions of Ming dynasty China, it should be opened to the Portuguese, and what its character and function should be, were subjects that triggered controversy both at court and among non-officials. It was only after a lengthy process of evolution that Macao finally developed into a commercial city. The special political environment, administrative patterns and social experiences of early Macao created a unique character and tradition of ＂harmony amidst difference, and difference amidst harmony＂ that was maintained for centuries with undiminished vitality.

海洋观视角下海洋城市发展的历史回顾与国际比较

海洋观是人类在生产生活中对海洋的总体认识,随着海洋科技与国际关系发展而持续演变,为厘清不同历史时期海洋城市的差异特征提供了重要的研究视角。基于文献综述与类型归纳相结合的方法,重点关注海洋观变迁下全球典型海洋城市发展的空间演变与发展趋势。研究发现,在殖民、后殖民、全球化海洋观演变过程中,海洋城市职能从早期的贸易型逐渐转变为产业型与服务型,其战略属性主要体现为在全球、区域与国家多维空间尺度下的连通性、撬动性与支撑性。应充分发挥海洋城市战略属性,面向世界级海洋城市群开展现代海洋城市建设。

国内外陆港研究进展与我国研究前景展望——基于CiteSpace知识图谱分析

基于WOS及CNKI数据库,依托CiteSpace可视化文献计量工具,构建陆港研究进展知识图谱,在分析我国陆港发展演化阶段基础上,对陆港研究进展进行评述与展望。研究发现:近年来,国内外陆港研究发展较快,研究发文量日益丰富,研究热点不断更新。当前研究的重点和热点主要体现在陆港的内涵与外延、陆港建设背景下的集装箱多式联运网络、港产城联动机理等方面,以面向陆港规划和建设阶段研究为主。但在陆港概念上结合我国陆港发展的集群化、产业化特征的研究还不够;在陆港多式联运网络方面,还缺乏对陆港选址、多式联运通道等的点、线、面协同优化的研究;在港产城联动机理方面主要以经济互动实证研究为主,缺乏对港产城联动模式的研究。未来研究应重点关注丰富陆港概念新内涵、构建陆港联运网络、拓展港产城共生演化等方面新问题的研究,使陆港研究伴随实践的发展不断深入。

Strengthening Intera-ctionof City and Port to Promote Economic Development in Qinhuangdao

Based on the theory of relationship between port and city and the theory of life cycle of the interactive development between the port and city,this article analyses the present situation of Qinhuangdao harbor city interactive development,and gives the policy Suggestions aiming at the problems.

Saigon River Valley: A Navigation, Trade, Mitigation, Invasion, Liberation, and Unification Pathway

The Saigon River is located in southern Vietnam with headwaters starting in southeastern Cambodia. The river flows southeast for about 225 km to the South China Sea. Most readers of Vietnam’s history know about the American-Vietnam War (1965-1973). However, centuries before that time, Vietnam fought with the Chinese, the Khmers, the Chams and the Mongols. The history of Vietnam begins in the Red River Delta, where farmers first cultivated rice. A millenia of struggle against the Chinese then followed. The Saigon River Valley was the pathway used by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) to get from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Cambodia to Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The NVA dug Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels near Cu Chi in the Old Alluvium terrace to hide from American Forces and Air Force bombers. In 1962, the Tan Son Nhut Air Force base on the northern edge of Saigon received the first shipments of Agent Blue, the arsenic based herbicide, used to destroy the rice crop. The most dioxin TCDD and arsenic contaminated site in Vietnam was Bien Hoa Air Force base on the Saigon River just 30 km northeast east of Ho Chi Minh City. The adjacent Bien Hoa City has a population of over 800,000. The Port of Ho Chi Minh City is the most significant river port in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The river is navigable by ships which draft up to 9 m. Vietnam only became a united country in the 19th century. Its independence was soon affected by French colonialism and then the destructive American intervention in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War Archive no. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City houses residual correspondence between the Republic of Vietnam (RV) President Diem’s administration and US President Kennedy’s administration related to the Khai Huang program (hamlet strategy). In addition, the archive contains some of the tactical herbicide spray records of the RV military for the Mekong Delta. The primary objective this study is to document the role that the Saigon River Valley played, in modern warfare. The Saigon River Valley was used as a navigation, trade, invasion, liberation and unification pathway. The Vietnamese people have survived centuries of stormy, troubled times and their power of character has served them well.

基于可持续发展的辽宁沿海经济带港城协调发展研究

为探究可持续发展视角下沿海港口与其所在城市的关系,以辽宁沿海经济带6个港口城市为研究对象,构建港城协调发展水平评价指标体系,运用有序度模型、耦合协调度模型、障碍度模型分析辽宁沿海经济带6个城市港城协调发展水平与障碍因素.结果表明:2013—2021年6个城市的港城协调度整体呈现波动增长的趋势,协调发展的主要制约因素为城市发展水平.基于各城市的经济基础、资源禀赋与障碍因素,提出辽宁沿海经济带港城协调发展的建议.

港城环境协调发展对城市经济竞争力影响的门限效应分析

基于2000~2021年中国东部地区13个沿海港口城市相关数据,构建协调度模型和面板门限模型,探析港城环境协调发展及其对城市经济竞争力的影响。研究结果表明:1)在港城环境协调度等级上,东部地区大多数港口与其腹地城市处于中度失调或严重失调阶段,整体上港城环境协调发展程度有待提升;2)港城环境协调度对城市经济竞争力具有显著影响,并且随着港口和城市经济发展,这种影响效应略微减弱,在协调度的影响变量中,固定资产投资、对外贸易是提升城市经济竞争力的显著因素;3)目前沿海港口城市港城环境协调度和城市经济竞争力之间呈“U”型关系,且处于“U”型曲线拐点右侧,因此,需坚持生态优先发展理念、扩大固定资产投资和积极发展对外贸易,以进一步提升城市经济竞争力。

内陆城市发展口岸经济提升双向开放水平研究——以石家庄市为例

口岸是内陆城市发展开放型经济的重要支撑。近年来石家庄市对外贸易持续走强、口岸功能不断拓展、改革创新能力增强、招商引资态势向好。但在口岸经济发展中仍存在管理体制协同性不够、缺乏战略统筹、口岸功能相对较少、口岸与腹地产业互动不足、营商环境有待提升等问题。针对这些问题,提出以重点工作专班推动体制机制破冰突围、做强口岸功能、创新推行服务企业专员制度、树立“项目为王”理念并打造强势专业招商团队、构建人才支撑体系等改进对策。

新时代港口与城市协调发展研究--以长三角地区为例

研究聚焦经典的港城关系问题,在新时代背景下重新审视港口与城市互动发展的新内涵。以长三角为案例区域,利用耦合度、耦合协调度模型,定量测度2013年以来长三角地区24个港口与城市的协调发展水平,结果显示:长三角地区港口与城市耦合协调度整体上升明显,呈现“高水平耦合、中水平协调”的特征;在省域尺度,三省一市港城关系耦合度和耦合协调度均存在明显的梯度差异,由东向西逐渐下降,具体表现为C/D上海>C/D江苏>C/D浙江>C/D安徽;在城市尺度,长三角地区绝大部分港口与城市已经进入高度耦合、良性发展阶段,仅有舟山和池州港城耦合情况不理想。耦合协调度形成显著的4个等级,包括:以上海为代表的极度协调型,以苏州、宁波、南京、无锡为代表的高度协调型,以杭州、南通、扬州、芜湖等12个城市为代表的中度协调型,以湖州、台州、合肥、安庆等7个城市为代表的低度协调型。最后从统筹协调、港城融合、政策创新、开放包容等方面提出长三角地区港城协调发展的路径。