Stress-Strain Relationship and Failure Criterion for Concrete after Freezing and Thawing Cycles

The research of the failure criterion and one-dimensional stress-strain relationship of deteriorated concrete were carried out. Based on the damage mechanics theory, the dsmage which reflects the alternation of internal state of material were introduced into the formula presented by Desayi and Krishman and the weighted twin-shear strength theory. As a nondestructive examination method in common use, the ultrasonic technique was adopted in the study, and the ultrasonic velocity was used to establish the damage variable. After that, the failure criterion and one-dimensional stress-strain relationship for deteriorated concrete were obtained. Eventually, tests were carried out to study the evolution laws on the damage. The results show that the more freezing and thawing cycles are, the more apparently the failure surface shrinks. Meanwhile, the comparison between theoretical data and experimental data verifies tile rationality of tile damage-based one-dimensional stress-strain relationship proposed.

Nonlinear model characterizing stress-strain relationship and permeability change of contact compression fracture at closing stage

Understanding the stress-strain relationship and permeability change for contact compression fracture at closing stage has been a hot issue for a long time.Previous investigations of this topic were mainly focused on experimental tests;however,theoretical approaches were rarely reported.Based on this,this paper focuses on the contact fracture at closing stage when rock is uniaxially loaded,and then a theoretical model is proposed.Based on the change of fracture elasticity modulus,it shows that as crack apertures are gradually reduced in the loading process,the permeability of rock sample will decrease progressively.This scenario shows that theoretical computation matches well with the experimental results.Finally,the effects of ratio of sample size to fracture aperture(n).pore pressure(P),and initial aperture(b) on stress-strain relationship and permeability change for contact compression fracture at closing stage are analyzed.

Crack evolution behavior of rocks under confining pressures and its propagation model before peak stress

The understanding of crack propagation characteristics and law of rocks during the loading process is of great significance for the exploitation and support of rock engineering.In this study,the crack propagation behavior of rocks in triaxial compression tests was investigated in detail.The main conclusions were as follows:1)According to the evolution characteristics of crack axial strain,the differential stress?strain curve of rocks under triaxial compressive condition can be divided into three phases which are linear elastic phase,crack propagation phase,post peak phase,respectively;2)The proposed models are applied to comparison with the test data of rocks under triaxial compressive condition and different temperatures.The theoretical data calculated by the models are in good agreement with the laboratory data,indicating that the proposed model can be applied to describing the crack propagation behavior and the nonlinear properties of rocks under triaxial compressive condition;3)The inelastic compliance and crack initiation strain in the proposed model have a decrease trend with the increase of confining pressure and temperature.Peak crack axial strain increases nonlinearly with the inelastic compliance and the increase rate increases gradually.Crack initiation strain has a linear relation with peak crack axial strain.

Plastic Flow Modeling of Ti-5 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-4 Mo-4 Cr Alloy at Elevated Temperatures and High Strain Rates

The true stress-sWain relationships of Ti-5A1-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr（TC17） alloy with a wide range of strain rates were investigated by tmiaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, respectively. Quasi- static compression tests were carried out with Instron 8874 test machine, while dynamic compression tests were performed with the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） which was installed with heating device and synchro- assembly system. The dynamic mechanical behaviors tests of TC17 were carded out from room temperature to 800 ℃ at intervals of 200 ℃ and at high sWain rates （5 500-1 9200 s-l）. The stress-strain curves considering temperature-sWain rate coupling actions were obtained. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was developed through data fitting of the stress-sWain curves. The material constants in the developed constitutive model can be determined using isothermal and adiabatic stress-strain curves at different strain rates. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model provided satisfied prediction of the plastic flow stress for TC17 alloy.

Experimental study on stress-strain-temperature models for structural steel

For the research on steel structure in fire,it is very important to determine the properties of structural steel at elevated temperature.Up to now,the high-temperature properties of material is believed to be related to only temperature state,which is not precise enough to simulate the behavior of steel structures under different combinations of heating,cooling,loading,and unloading.To analyze the influence of the temperature-load history on the steel properties,a series of tests were carried out under different temperature-load paths about steel Q235,which is widely used in steel structures in China.In this paper,the method to set the temperature-load paths was introduced;the variety regulation of steel properties changing with temperature was analyzed under different paths;according to experimental results,the formulas of elastic modulus and yield strength at elevated temperature were fitted,and the stress-strain-temperature 3D relationships of structural steel under different paths were presented.

Experimental investigation on strength and deformation of plain high-strength concrete under multiaxial stress state

To investigate the strength and deformation behavior of plain high-strength concrete （HSC） under muhiaxial stress states, a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine was employed, and muhiaxial tests were performed on 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubes concrete specimens. Friction-reducing pads were three-layer plastic membranes with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane. The tensile loading plane of concrete samples was processed by attrition machine, and then the samples were glued up with the loading plate with structural glue. Failure modes of specimens were described. The principal static compressive strengths, strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured, and the influence of stress ratios on them was analyzed as well. Experimental results show that the ratio of the compressive strength σ3f over the uniaxial compressive strengthfo depends on brittleness-stiffness of concrete besides stress state and stress ratios. The formula of Kupfer-Gerstle＇ s and Ottosen＇ s failure criterion for plain HSC under biaxial compression and muhiaxial stress state is proposed respectively.

A new modeling approach for stress-strain relationship taking into account strain hardening and stored energy by compacted graphite iron evolution

Compacted graphite iron(CGI)is considered to be an ideal diesel engine material with excellent physical and mechanical properties,which meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction.However,knowledge of the microstructure evolution of CGI and its impact on flow stress remains limited.In this study,a new modeling approach for the stress–strain relationship is proposed by considering the strain hardening effect and stored energy caused by the microstructure evolution of CGI.The effects of strain,strain rate,and deformation temperature on the microstructure of CGI during compression deformation are examined,including the evolution of graphite morphology and the microstructure of the pearlite matrix.The roundness and fractal dimension of graphite particles under different deformation conditions are measured.Combined with finite element simulation models,the influence of graphite particles on the flow stress of CGI is determined.The distributions of grain boundary and geometrically necessary dislocations(GNDs)density in the pearlite matrix of CGI under different strains,strain rates,and deformation temperatures are analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction technology,and the stored energy under each deformation condition is calculated.Results show that the proportion and amount of low-angle grain boundaries and the average GNDs density increase with the increase of strain and strain rate and decreased first and then increased with an increase in deformation temperature.The increase in strain and strain rate and the decrease in deformation temperature contribute to the accumulation of stored energy,which show similar variation trends to those of GNDs density.The parameters in the stress–strain relationship model are solved according to the stored energy under different deformation conditions.The consistency between the predicted results from the proposed stress–strain relationship and the experimental results shows that the evolution of stored energy can accurately predict the stress–strain relationship of CGI.

钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土力学性能与本构关系研究

文中采用橡胶颗粒替换部分钢渣细集料,分别制备出了橡胶含量为0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土.对钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的标准立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗折强度、弹性模量和本构关系等力学指标进行系统的分析与试验研究.结果表明:当橡胶掺量从0%~40%增大时,钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、弹性模量等均呈现下降的趋势.提出了钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土的本构关系模型,理论值与试验值吻合较好,可应用于钢渣与橡胶混合细集料混凝土结构的受力分析.

基于BP神经网络的胶结砂砾石应力-应变关系预测

在前期宏观试验基础之上,采用离散元模拟和BP神经网络相结合的方法获取不同胶凝材料掺量和围压下胶结砂砾石的应力-应变关系。根据前期胶凝材料掺量分别为20、40、60、80、100 kg/m3的胶结砂砾石三轴排水剪切试验结果,开展离散元数值模拟。以试验数据为学习样本,开展BP神经网络模型训练,预测胶凝材料掺量分别为30、50、70、90 kg/m3的胶结砂砾石应力-应变关系,并将预测结果和离散元模拟结果进行对比。研究结果表明,BP神经网络能够实现胶结砂砾石应力-应变关系的预测,并在较低围压下具有较好的精度。

橡胶粗细集料含量对FRP约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响

为研究橡胶粗细集料体积分数对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响,提出了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率的概念,并通过收集已发表文献的110组应力-应变关系试验曲线,分析了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率对FRP约束不同截面橡胶混凝土柱应力-应变关系关键参数的影响,基于分析结果建立了FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系模型和抗压强度模型,两个模型中均考虑了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率和橡胶混凝土截面形状的影响.模型评估结果表明:随着橡胶粗细集料体积替换率、FRP约束应力比和截面倒角半径比的增加,FRP约束橡胶混凝土的抗压强度均呈增大的趋势;建立的抗压强度模型可准确预测橡胶颗粒取代部分细集料或粗细集料的FRP约束橡胶混凝土抗压强度,平均误差仅为1.03;建立的应力-应变关系模型能够较好预测FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线变化.

碱渣-电石渣激发混凝土的基本力学性能与应力-应变关系

碱渣、电石渣等碱性工业固废的大面积堆置引发了严重的环境污染问题,亟需拓展资源化利用渠道。本工作以先前开发的碱渣-电石渣协同激发矿渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料替代水泥制备了新型混凝土,研究了其抗压、抗拉、抗折等基本力学性能与单轴受压应力-应变关系。结果表明:新型混凝土的早期抗压强度相比水泥混凝土发展缓慢,可通过适宜的热养护(60~75℃@12 h)进行改善,且对后期强度不会产生不利影响。新型混凝土拉压比和折压比分别为0.102±0.006、0.137±0.007,均高于同等级的水泥混凝土。新型混凝土在单轴受压下具有比水泥混凝土更短的弹性上升段,更长的塑性上升段,峰值应力后延性略差。通过统计回归分别建立了标准抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折强度的预测模型以及单轴受压应力-应变关系,均与试验值吻合性较好,为这类新型混凝土的配合比设计、强度预测及工程应用奠定了理论基础。

纯应力主轴旋转下固有各向异性砂土力学特性

【目的】进一步揭示固有各向异性和偏应力q对砂土力学特性的影响,深化对土应力方向依赖性的认识。【方法】利用新型制样装置制备具有固有各向异性的砂土空心圆柱试样,结合空心圆柱扭剪仪,开展一系列不同沉积面倾角a3和q条件下的不排水纯应力主轴旋转试验。【结果】在纯应力主轴旋转条件下,砂土临界周数随着a3和q的改变而改变,其数值最大可相差9倍;孔压前期累积速率也与a3和q有关,但中期稳定后的孔压数值受两者的影响较小;随着a3和q增大,剪应变累积速度加快,滞回圈面积及倾角也会发生变化。【结论】砂土的应变发展规律、孔压变化、剪应力-剪应变关系等动力学特性均与固有各向异性和q密切相关,且q的改变也会引起固有各向异性与动力学特性之间关系的变化。

西北季节性冻土场地地震反应特性研究

我国西北地区被季节冻土全覆盖,且近年来该区域地震频发。为研究我国西北地区季节性冻土场地的地震反应特性,开展了季节性冻土场地振动台试验,并建立了不同冻结深度的三维实体有限差分模型,对比分析了不同地震激励作用下的季节性冻土场地的地震反应特征和土体的动剪应力—动剪应变规律。结果表明:在地震激励下,冻土层的存在虽然有效抑制了地震动能量,但冻结期场地的水平位移与非冻结期相比明显较大,且竖向位移呈显著的层状震陷特征;冻土场地的峰值放大系数呈先增大后减小然后再增大的规律,并且冻土层深度越大其峰值放大系数越小。此外,通过土体的动剪应力—动剪应变关系可以发现,冻土场地地震反应具有明显的非线性特征,且冻土层的存在对地震能量具有一定的削弱作用。

石粉-钢渣混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线实验研究

为了探究单轴受压下石粉-钢渣混凝土的本构关系,根据正交试验方案配制了不同掺量钢渣砂(30%、40%、50%)、钢渣石(30%、40%、50%)、石粉(0%、7.5%、15%)的石粉-钢渣混凝土,对石粉-钢渣混凝土的应力-应变关系进行了实验研究,建立了单轴受压下石粉-钢渣混凝土的本构关系模型。实验结果表明:当受到单轴压力时,石粉-钢渣混凝土的破坏模式与普通混凝土相似,表现出斜剪切的特征。石粉-钢渣混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变及弹性模量随着钢渣骨料掺量的增加而提高。为了更好地模拟无量纲应力-应变曲线,本工作采用了Carreira and Chu模型的上升段和过镇海模型的下降段进行了分段拟合。结果表明,实验曲线与分段模型曲线吻合较好。

胶结充填体早期损伤对后期力学性能的影响

目的为了探明胶结充填体早期损伤对后期承载性能的影响,方法通过开展早期受损充填体经养护一定龄期后的单轴压缩试验,以损伤龄期和压损程度为变量,以受损充填体的后期变形特性、抗压强度、弹性模量为后期力学性能评价指标,分析充填体损伤龄期和压损程度对其后期力学性能的影响规律。结果结果表明:在同一损伤龄期下,充填体在80%压损下后期峰值应力及残余应力最低;压损程度对龄期3,7 d的充填体后期变形特性影响较小,对龄期14,21 d的充填体后期变形特性弱化作用较大;80%以下的压损程度对龄期3,7 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较小,各个压损程度对龄期14,21 d充填体后期抗压强度影响较大,压损程度越大,后期抗压强度越低;各龄期充填体后期弹性模量均随压损程度的增大而增大。养护龄期14 d之后的充填体受损后对其后期力学性能影响显著,且不同压损程度对龄期14 d之后的充填体后期力学影响显著。结论研究结果可为上向水平充填采矿方法中充填质量的控制提供理论指导。

随机应力循环加卸载三轴试验土的变形稳定状态初探

为研究土在随机应力幅值循环加卸载条件下的应力-应变关系,基于土样全表面变形数字图像测量系统,以福建标准砂和硅微粉为研究对象进行一系列三轴试验。据此分析土样在不同随机应力循环加卸载过程的应力-应变行为,判断其是否达到变形稳定状态,同时与等应力幅值循环加卸载和阶梯应力幅值循环加卸载试验进行对比。结果表明:无论是恒定应力幅值、阶梯应力幅值还是随机应力幅值加卸载循环,当循环次数超过一定次数后,土样逐渐趋于变形稳定状态,且变形稳定状态对应的循环次数值不同;土在受到超过历史最大应力幅值时,应力-应变关系会回到初次单调加载的应力-应变曲线;在最大应力值小于破坏应力的条件下,应力加卸载时间过程幅值的随机特征,如幅值大小和分布对土的应力-应变行为,包括变形稳定状态没有影响。

玻璃纤维改良对浙西山区红黏土力学性能的影响

为了解决高液限红黏土在浙西地区工程施工中引起的路基不均匀沉降、滑坡等工程地质灾害。文中采用玻璃纤维加筋技术改良红黏土,通过直剪试验、无侧限抗压试验对不同长度、掺量的玻璃纤维红黏土力学性能进行研究,分析其力学性能指标演变规律。试验结果表明,在红黏土中掺入定量的玻璃纤维对土体的抗剪强度有明显的提升作用,可使土体的黏聚力相比于素土提高1.68~2.22倍,黏聚力随着掺量和长度的增加先增大后减小。玻璃纤维红黏土的无侧限抗压强度相比于素土提高了1.47~1.95倍,纤维土的无侧限抗压强度随掺量、长度的增加而增强。通过分析应力—应变关系曲线发现素土应力峰值出现在2.5%~3.0%之间,而纤维土应力峰值出现在3.5%~4.5%之间,说明玻璃纤维的掺入提高了土体的残余强度。改良后的纤维土体可满足路用性要求,为纤维加筋土体治理提供参考。

级配砂不同含量的软土变形特性及其本构方程

不同含砂量的软土变形特性比较复杂,而级配砂含量对软土的影响更难预测,针对杭州含级配砂软土地层特性,通过不同含砂量软土的三轴剪切实验,分析了土样三轴剪切破坏形态,获取了不同围压下不同含砂量土样应力-应变曲线并分析了数据变化规律,提出了含级配砂软土应力-应变曲线变化率的幂次函数本构模型,从全新的角度揭示了级配砂不同含量软土的塑性硬化参数和软化参数变化规律,并通过求原函数的方法获得了可以反映含砂量的软土应力应变本构方程。研究表明:围压与含砂量对土样的三轴剪破形态都有影响;含砂量增加能显著提高土样的抗剪强度,不同围压下(100 kPa、200 kPa、300 kPa)40%含砂量抗剪强度分别增加37.38%、14.1%、8.86%;随着含砂量增加,土样的最大卸载切线模量随之增大,土样切线模量变化率随之减小。研究成果为深入探讨级配砂对软土变形特性的影响提供了新思路。

井壁径向极限承载及应力应变模型试验研究

为探究砼井壁径向极限承载及其应力应变关系,基于统一强度理论的井壁径向承载极限解公式,求解得到井壁径向极限承载,考虑混凝土多轴强度特性,对塑性极限解公式进行修正,给出高强砼井壁径向塑性极限承载力的修正公式,提出了砼井壁径向应力应变关系的数学模型.通过试验,理论预测值与试验的最大误差为2.85%,研究成果对井壁破坏的预测有一定指导作用.

黏性土中单桩基础桩基设计参数ε50试验研究

黏性土是影响海上风机基础设计和风机安全运营的最常见的土类之一,基于对土的结构性和土的力学特性的分析,针对海上风机桩基础设计中所需的黏性土的ε50值,设计单变量试验,研究了预固结对黏性土不固结不排水剪切试验结果的影响。发现以一定压力对试样进行预固结后再进行三轴剪切试验得到的数据与试桩反分析得到的数据更加相符。对该试验方法进行一定理论分析,通过分析,总结出了在原状土样ε50值的一定规律,并对今后的生产研究提出了建议性的试验方法。