Background:Hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury) due to excessive muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports.The relationships among hamstring muscle optimal lengths and hamstring flexibilit...Background:Hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury) due to excessive muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports.The relationships among hamstring muscle optimal lengths and hamstring flexibility and strength were unknown,which limited our understanding of risk factors for hamstring injury.This study was aimed at examining the relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and flexibility and strength.Methods:Hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength data and three-dimensional kinematic data for hamstring isokinetic tests were collected for11 male and 10 female recreational athletes.The maximal hamstring muscle forces,optimal lengths,and muscle lengths in standing were determined for each participant.Results:Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were significantly correlated to hamstring flexibility score and gender,but not to hamstring strength.The greater the flexibility score,the longer the hamstring muscle optimal length.With the same flexibility score,females tend to have shorter hamstring optimal muscle lengths compared to males.Hamstring flexibility score and hamstring strength were not correlated.Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were longer than but not significantly correlated to corresponding hamstring muscle lengths in standing.Conclusion:Hamstring flexibility may affect hamstring muscle maximum strain in movements.With similar hamstring flexibility,hamstring muscle maximal strain in a given movement may be different between genders.Hamstring muscle lengths in standing should not be used as an approximation of their optimal lengths in calculation of hamstring muscle strain in musculoskeletal system modeling.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to extend current half-sarcomere models by involving a recently found force-mediated activation of the thick filament and analyze the effect of this mechanosensing regulation on the l...Purpose:The aim of this study was to extend current half-sarcomere models by involving a recently found force-mediated activation of the thick filament and analyze the effect of this mechanosensing regulation on the length stability of half-sarcomeres arranged in series.Methods:We included a super-relaxed state of myosin motors and its force-dependent activation in a conventional cross-bridge model.We simulated active stretches of a sarcomere consisting of 2 non-uniform half-sarcomeres on the descending limb of the force-length relationship.Results:The mechanosensing model predicts that,in a passive sarcomere on the descending limb of the force-length relationship,the longer half-sarcomere has a higher fraction of myosin motors in the on-state than the shorter half-sarcomere.The difference in the number of myosin motors in the on-state ensures that upon calcium-mediated thin filament activation,the force-dependent thick filament activation keeps differences in active force within 20%during an active stretch.In the classical cross-bridge model,the corresponding difference exceeds 80%,leading to great length instabilities.Conclusion:Our simulations suggest that,in contrast to the classical cross-bridge model,the mechanosensing regulation is able to stabilize a system of non-uniform half-sarcomeres arranged in series on the descending limb of the force-length relationship.展开更多
Purpose:.To understand the growth model of axial length(AL) and height, and to explore the relationship between the two with the passage of time.Methods:.We followed twins in the Guangzhou Twin Eye Study for five year...Purpose:.To understand the growth model of axial length(AL) and height, and to explore the relationship between the two with the passage of time.Methods:.We followed twins in the Guangzhou Twin Eye Study for five years..The AL of both eyes was measured by partial coherence interferometry, and height was measured by a standard scale during each visit..A multivariate multilevel mixed model was adopted for data analysis.Results:.A total of 1217 children were included in the study.Both AL and height increased, but the rate of growth slowed down with age..The mitigation rate of height growth was-0.34 cm / year;.while that of AL growth was-0.01 mm / year.AL was positively related to height,.with a relevant coefficient of R=0.22(Cov [height intercept, AL intercept] =1.56, 95%CI=1.14 to 1.99). The growth rates of AL and height were also positively related, with a relevant coefficient of R =0.18(Cov [height slope, AL slope] =0.03, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.05).However, taller children had slower rates of height increases,with a relevant coefficient of R=-0.12(Cov[height intercept,height slope]=-1.33,95%CI=-2.25 to-0.42); but had faster AL growth,.with a relevant coefficient of R =(Cov [height intercept, AL slope] =0.02, 95%CI=-0.05 to 0.08, R=0.02).AL and its growth rate were positively related to each other,with a relevant coefficient of R=(Cov [AL intercept,.AL slope]=0.04, 95%CI=0.03 to 0.05, R=0.3); while the growth rates of AL and height were negatively related to each other, with a relevant coefficient of R=(Cov [AL intercept, height slope]=--0.03 95%CI=-0.16 to 0.1, R=-0.02).Conclusion:.The increase in children's AL is relevant to their height increases..The faster their height increases,.the faster their AL increases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81572212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2016BS013)
文摘Background:Hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury) due to excessive muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports.The relationships among hamstring muscle optimal lengths and hamstring flexibility and strength were unknown,which limited our understanding of risk factors for hamstring injury.This study was aimed at examining the relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and flexibility and strength.Methods:Hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength data and three-dimensional kinematic data for hamstring isokinetic tests were collected for11 male and 10 female recreational athletes.The maximal hamstring muscle forces,optimal lengths,and muscle lengths in standing were determined for each participant.Results:Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were significantly correlated to hamstring flexibility score and gender,but not to hamstring strength.The greater the flexibility score,the longer the hamstring muscle optimal length.With the same flexibility score,females tend to have shorter hamstring optimal muscle lengths compared to males.Hamstring flexibility score and hamstring strength were not correlated.Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were longer than but not significantly correlated to corresponding hamstring muscle lengths in standing.Conclusion:Hamstring flexibility may affect hamstring muscle maximum strain in movements.With similar hamstring flexibility,hamstring muscle maximal strain in a given movement may be different between genders.Hamstring muscle lengths in standing should not be used as an approximation of their optimal lengths in calculation of hamstring muscle strain in musculoskeletal system modeling.
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to extend current half-sarcomere models by involving a recently found force-mediated activation of the thick filament and analyze the effect of this mechanosensing regulation on the length stability of half-sarcomeres arranged in series.Methods:We included a super-relaxed state of myosin motors and its force-dependent activation in a conventional cross-bridge model.We simulated active stretches of a sarcomere consisting of 2 non-uniform half-sarcomeres on the descending limb of the force-length relationship.Results:The mechanosensing model predicts that,in a passive sarcomere on the descending limb of the force-length relationship,the longer half-sarcomere has a higher fraction of myosin motors in the on-state than the shorter half-sarcomere.The difference in the number of myosin motors in the on-state ensures that upon calcium-mediated thin filament activation,the force-dependent thick filament activation keeps differences in active force within 20%during an active stretch.In the classical cross-bridge model,the corresponding difference exceeds 80%,leading to great length instabilities.Conclusion:Our simulations suggest that,in contrast to the classical cross-bridge model,the mechanosensing regulation is able to stabilize a system of non-uniform half-sarcomeres arranged in series on the descending limb of the force-length relationship.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271037)
文摘Purpose:.To understand the growth model of axial length(AL) and height, and to explore the relationship between the two with the passage of time.Methods:.We followed twins in the Guangzhou Twin Eye Study for five years..The AL of both eyes was measured by partial coherence interferometry, and height was measured by a standard scale during each visit..A multivariate multilevel mixed model was adopted for data analysis.Results:.A total of 1217 children were included in the study.Both AL and height increased, but the rate of growth slowed down with age..The mitigation rate of height growth was-0.34 cm / year;.while that of AL growth was-0.01 mm / year.AL was positively related to height,.with a relevant coefficient of R=0.22(Cov [height intercept, AL intercept] =1.56, 95%CI=1.14 to 1.99). The growth rates of AL and height were also positively related, with a relevant coefficient of R =0.18(Cov [height slope, AL slope] =0.03, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.05).However, taller children had slower rates of height increases,with a relevant coefficient of R=-0.12(Cov[height intercept,height slope]=-1.33,95%CI=-2.25 to-0.42); but had faster AL growth,.with a relevant coefficient of R =(Cov [height intercept, AL slope] =0.02, 95%CI=-0.05 to 0.08, R=0.02).AL and its growth rate were positively related to each other,with a relevant coefficient of R=(Cov [AL intercept,.AL slope]=0.04, 95%CI=0.03 to 0.05, R=0.3); while the growth rates of AL and height were negatively related to each other, with a relevant coefficient of R=(Cov [AL intercept, height slope]=--0.03 95%CI=-0.16 to 0.1, R=-0.02).Conclusion:.The increase in children's AL is relevant to their height increases..The faster their height increases,.the faster their AL increases.
