Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

The scaling relationship of leaf area and total mass of sample plots across world trees

The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.

The Relationship Between the Main Plot and the Subplot in King Lear

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Mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device

Mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two-phase flow at microscale is the basis of application of microreactor in gas–liquid reaction systems.At present,few researches on the mass transfer property of annular flow have been reported.Therefore,the mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device are studied in the present study.We find that the main factors,i.e.,flow pattern,liquid film thickness,liquid hydraulic retention time,phase interface fluctuation,and gas flow vorticity,which influence the flow mass transfer property,are directly affected both by gas and liquid flow velocities.But the influences of gas and liquid velocities on different mass transfer influencing factors are different.Thereout,the fitting relationships between gas and liquid flow velocities and mass transfer influencing factors are established.By comparing the results from calculations using fitting equations and simulations,it shows that the fitting equations have relatively high degrees of accuracy.Finally,the Pareto front,namely the Pareto optimal solution set,of gas and liquid velocity conditions for the best flow mass transfer property is obtained using the method of multi-objective particle swarm optimization.It is proved that the mass transfer property of the gas–liquid two-phase flow can be obviously enhanced under the guidance of the obtained Pareto optimal solution set through experimental verification.

Change of Annual Extreme Water Levels and Correlation with River Discharges in the Middle-lower Yangtze River: Characteristics and Possible Affecting Factors

As one of the fastest developing regions in China, the middle-lower Yangtze River （MLYR） is vulnerable to floods and droughts. With obtained time series of annual highest water level （HWL）, annual lowest water level （LWL） and the corresponding fiver discharges from three gauging stations in MLYR that covering the period 1987-2011, the current study evaluated the change character- istics of annual extreme water levels and the correlation with fiver discharges by using the methods of Vend test, Mann-Whitney-Pettitt （MWP） test and double mass analysis. Major result indicated a decreasing/increasing trend for annual HWL/LWL of all stations in MLYR during the study period. A change point in 1999 was identified for annual HWL at the Hankou and Datong stations. The year 2006 was found to be the critical year that the relationship between annual extreme water levels and fiver discharges changed in the MLYR. With contrast to annual LWL in MLYR, further investigation revealed that the change characteristics of annual HWL were highly consistent with regional precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin, while the linkage with Three Gorges Dam （TGD） operation is not strong. Our observation also pointed out that the effect of serious down cutting of the riverbed and the enlargement of the cross-section area during the initial period of TGD operation caused the downward trend of the relationship between annual LWL and river discharge. Whereas, the relatively raised river water level before the flood season due to TGD regulation since 2006 explained for the changing upward trend of the relationship between annual HWL and river discharge.

Investigation of the Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Psychotherapy (ACT) on Quality of Life of Adult Women Suffering from Obesity

Background and Purpose: Quality of life as an important factor in health is very important. This study is looking for an appropriate and effective treatment for improving quality of life. This research aims to study the psychological effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of adult women suffering from obesity. Methods and Materials: This research is a kind of half-trail, with pattern of pre-test, post-test and group control. Statistical population includes all over-weight women with body mass index (BMI) range (30 - 40) who participated in family training sessions held in Shahin Shahr city. 40 patients who had the characteristics for sampling were selected and randomly placed in test and control groups (each group 20 people). Participants in each group before and after intervention quality of life questionnaire with 100 question sample World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-100 were evaluated. 12 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy in group was used. The obtained data were analyzed with the use of Sciences Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS) 18 statistical software and methods of analysis of covariance. Findings: After selection of adult women having a BMI between 30 and 40 based on availability who had attended the meeting of family education, by invitation and voluntary, they were randomized into experimental and control groups. Intervention was done for experimental group. Due to the result of covariance analysis on the post-test stage, examination group showed significant improvement in variants physical health dimensions, level of independence in social and environmental relationships and spirituality (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research based on the impact of acceptance and commitment intervention on promotion and improving in quality of life, this treatment can be used for improving the variants in women suffering from over-weight and obesity.

Study on the Structural Effect of Maltoligosaccharides on Cytochrome c Complexes Stabilities by Native Mass Spectrometry

Noncovalent interactions between ligands and targeting proteins are essential for understanding molecular mechanisms of proteins.In this work,we investigated the interaction of Cytochrome c(Cyt c)with maltoligosaccharides,namely maltose(Mal Ⅱ),maltotriose(Mal Ⅲ),maltotetraose(Mal Ⅳ),maltopentaose(Mal Ⅴ),maltohexaose(Mal Ⅵ)and maltoheptaose(Mal Ⅶ).Using electrospray ionization mass spetrometry(ESI-MS)assay,the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes formed by Cyt c with maltoligosaccharide ligand were observed.The corresponding association constants were calculated according to the deconvoluted spectra.The order of the relative binding affinities of the selected oligosaccharides with Cyt c were as MalⅢ>MalⅣ>MalⅡ>MalⅤ>MalⅥ>MalⅦ.The results indicated that the stability of noncovalent protein complexes was intimately correlated to the molecular structure of bound ligand.The relevant functional groups that could form H-bonds,electrostatic or hydrophobic forces with protein’s amino residues played an important role for the stability of protein complexes.In addition,the steric structure of ligand was also critical for an appropriate interaction with the binding pocket of proteins.

Precipitation Chemistry and Corresponding Transport Patterns of Influencing Air Masses at Huangshan Mountain in East China

One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean （VWM） pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2- and Ca2＋ were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO]-]/[NO3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.

A Review of Geothermal Type-Curves with Damage Effect: A Case of Practical Apply to a Mexican Geothermal Field

A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.

“何必”曰“利”:孟子仁义观再探——以先秦义利的互训、对立关系为线索

《孟子》首章中“王何必曰利”的表述,在后世围绕“义利之辨”的儒家经学阐释以及当下学界的相关讨论中一直处于核心地位。过往研究多聚焦探讨与阐发孟子之“利”的具体指涉,这可能是受限于宋明儒家之后一直流行未蔽的孟子被“圣化”之风。然而,当我们将孟子的辟利之举置于先秦普遍义利互训的关系,即孟子所处的诸子论辩语境之中进行考察,孟墨二者的仁义观在“利他”性上呈现了较大的差异。以此重新审视《孟子》中的诸多记载,及孟子“何必曰利”的仁义之道,我们发现孟子不仅在思想层面排除“利”的负面内涵,也无可避免地将“利”的正面指涉———包括合理正当的“利他”动机,一并与“仁义”相隔离。此举让孟子之仁义既难达到“形而上”之利他的哲学高度,也使其“形而下”的施行范围受限于战国征战环境,受制于伦理纲常,无奈于国家强弱和大小,甚至在那些更为在乎如何权衡“利”的战国学者们眼中,成为诸侯王、谋士们借“仁义”之名来遮盖其“自利”之实的工具。

身体质量指数联合三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值预测2型糖尿病风险

目的利用体检指标中身体质量指数(BMI)和三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)联合预测2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病风险。方法基于瑞慈医疗集团2010—2016年体检人群的数据库,通过Cox比例风险模型观测不同BMI的人群基线TG/HDL-C对随访期间T2DM风险的影响,并分析TG/HDL-C与BMI是否存在交互作用。结果在随访期间,13685例研究对象中共有315例最终诊断为T2DM。以BMI=24 kg/m^(2)为界,将所有研究对象分成两个亚组。BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有8238例研究对象,96例在随访结束时患T2DM,对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后,升高的TG/HDL-C导致T2DM事件的风险较高[HR 95%CI=1.47(1.23,1.74),P<0.001]。与最低五分位数(Q1)相比,升高的TG/HDL-C五分位数(Q2~Q5)T2DM发病率增加[HR 95%CI分别为:0.73(0.28,1.93)、2.75(1.29,5.85)、2.81(1.28,6.20)和3.91(1.51,10.11)]。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有5447例研究对象,219例在随访结束时患T2DM。在两个亚组中,随着TG/HDL-C的增加,T2DM患病风险均呈非线性增加,这一变化在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组更为明显。绘制两个亚组TG/HDLC与3年和5年T2DM发病的ROC曲线,在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.72和0.77。在BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积则分别为0.55和0.57。结论在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TG/HDL-C的升高提示T2DM患病风险显著增加。

近代翻译文学:教育观念转变的“引擎”

鸦片战争以降,西学翻译和教育变革成为国人呼声最高的两剂救亡药方。对于翻译中伴随的异质性,如何作用于教育转型的进程,进而引领着教育观念的转变,值得寻绎。潮水般涌入华夏大地的泰西文学,促使近代人才观不断位移,各类译著中的西方人物,焕发出别具一格的魅力,为国人树立了一种新型人才“标杆”。西方教育小说中的教师,呈现出与传统中国教师截然不同的面相,成为形塑崭新师生关系的直接资源。在翻译小说的浸染之下,通俗文学逐渐深入人心,并在课堂上下、校园内外枝蔓攀升、花蕊广播。国人的知识结构在翻译文学的影响之下进行重组,中国教育模式得以吐故纳新,新的教育生态也逐渐建构起来。

King达标理论在构建和谐护患关系中的应用

目的:探讨King达标理论在构建和谐护患关系中的作用。方法:对第二次住院的100例患者,在入院时和出院时填写调查表,住院期间接受经过培训并应用King达标理论的护理人员护理。结果:患者出院时对护士的满意度明显高于入院时满意度,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:采用King达标理论指导护理实践,可提高患者对护士的满意度,从而构建和谐的护患关系。

考虑截面规则性的柱状节理岩体变形及强度特性研究

柱状节理岩体的复杂结构使其现场力学参数的确定存在困难,可靠地估计柱状节理岩体强度及变形特性对工程安全至关重要。结合Voronoi图形及3D打印技术制作不规则柱状节理岩体光敏树脂模具,并制备了具有不同倾角的规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试样。基于开展的单轴压缩试验结果,分析不同截面柱状节理岩体的变形及强度特性差异。根据试样最终破坏形态,揭示柱状节理岩体破坏模式及机制。结合已有研究结果,描述节理面材料对柱状节理岩体破坏形态及强度的影响。基于传统节理系数方法,提出了更能反映柱状节理岩体柱体结构特征的修正节理系数方法。采用修正节理系数法建立规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试验结果与现场变形及强度参数间的经验关系,将所提出计算公式应用于白鹤滩水电站工程,预测结果与现场实测值及RMR法(RMR为岩石质量评分指标)、Q法(Q为岩体质量指标)的预测值进行比较。结果表明,对于现场变形和强度参数,所提出的修正节理系数法的预测结果与现场实测结果较为吻合。

肥胖和骨质疏松之间的关联:一项两样本双向孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项临床研究观察表明肥胖与骨质疏松症之间存在密切关系,但肥胖与骨质疏松症之间是否存在遗传因果效应尚不清楚。目的:利用大规模全基因组关联研究的汇总数据,通过孟德尔随机化分析探究肥胖和骨质疏松之间的关联。方法:肥胖数据来自人体特征遗传调查(GIANT)和英国生物样本库(UKBB)的汇总统计数据。骨质疏松症的数据来自从骨质疏松症遗传因素联盟(GeFOS)获得的2种骨密度表型:全身骨密度和跟骨骨密度。逆方差加权法为主要分析方法,基于Egger回归的孟德尔随机化法(Mendelian randomization method based on Egger regression,MR-Egger)和加权中位数法作为补充方法来计算肥胖遗传变异与骨质疏松症之间的因果关联。采用敏感性分析来验证结果的可靠性,利用Cochran’s Q检验分析结果的异质性,利用MR-Egger截距检验分析结果的水平多效性,留一法评估合并的逆方差加权法估计值是否具有潜在影响的单核苷酸多态性。结果与结论:①肥胖对骨质疏松症的影响:除身体质量指数与前臂骨密度外,身体质量指数、腰臀比、经身体质量指数调整的腰臀比与全身骨密度、跟骨骨密度、前臂骨密度、腰椎骨密度及股骨颈骨密度两两之间呈正向因果关系;进一步Meta分析显示,肥胖会增加骨密度的风险(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.05-1.11,P<0.01);②骨质疏松症对肥胖的影响:除了前臂骨密度、腰椎骨密度作为暴露因素对肥胖有因果关系外,其他数据集均显示全身骨密度、跟骨骨密度、股骨颈骨密度与肥胖之间不呈现因果效应;进一步Meta分析显示,骨密度并不会增加肥胖的风险(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.98-1.01,P<0.01)。③结果证实:肥胖与骨质疏松之间存在因果关系,即肥胖可能是骨质疏松症的危险性因素,但未发现骨质疏松症对于肥胖的因果关联。

欧洲人群体质指数与2型糖尿病因果关系的双向孟德尔随机化研究

目的通过双向孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)研究分析评估体质指数(body mass index,BMI)与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)之间的因果关联。方法利用公开的全基因组关联研究(genome wide association study,GWAS)汇总统计数据。共得到BMI数据样本461460例,T2DM数据样本655666例。选取与T2DM密切相关的373个SNPs遗传变异作为正向工具变量,118个SNPs作为反向工具变量,使用逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted,IVW)、加权中位数法(Weighted median,WME)、MR-Egger法、Simple mode、weighted mode法进行双向MR分析,使用OR值评估BMI与T2DM的因果关系。进一步使用异质性检验、多效性检验及leave-one-out法进行敏感性分析以评估结果的稳健性及可靠性。结果IVW显示BMI与T2DM发生之间呈显著正相关,比值比(odds ratio,OR)为2.88,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)为2.66-3.12,P=5.37e-87;其他方法显示了相似的因果关系。此外,水平多效性检测(P=0.25)没有观察到水平多效性。反向MR分析没有观察到BMI与T2DM的反向因果关系。结论体质指数与T2DM之间可能存在正向因果关系。

基于GC-MS的喷气燃料组成-性质定量关系研究

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对67个喷气燃料进行分子水平表征,并按9类烃族组成(正构烷烃、异构烷烃、单环烷烃、多环烷烃、烷基苯、茚满及四氢萘、萘类及茚类、苊及苊烯类、苯并噻吩及二苯并噻吩)和13类碳数(C_(7)~C _(19))分类,形成一系列组成矩阵。测定了7类理化性质,包括密度、热值、闪点、黏度、烟点、苯胺点和馏程,定义了各碳数下不同烃族的代表性化合物和平均性质(密度、热值、闪点和黏度)。采用多元线性回归(MLR)、偏最小二乘(PLS)和修正加权平均(MWA)3种算法建立了喷气燃料组成-性质定量模型。综合比较,组成与密度、热值、闪点、烟点和苯胺点的定量模型均基于PLS预测效果更优,对应的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.0008 g/cm^(3)、0.0302 MJ/kg、1.3418℃、6.01×10^(-5 )mm、0.7293℃;组成与黏度的定量模型基于MWA时预测效果更优,其RMSE为0.0333 mm^(2)/s。

基层治理现代化转型中党群互信关系建构的创新路径——以安徽省X县为例

构建党群互信关系,是党贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想,坚定不移走中国式现代化之关键路径。研究表明,基层治理现代化转型中党群互信关系建构的内在逻辑在于践行人民至上理念,坚持民生问题导向,完善党群双向沟通机制,实现党群联通制度化,健全民意督办机制。有效化解党群互信关系建构的重点与难点问题,应当持续增强基层党组织创新服务能力,不断提高党员干部民生问题回应能力,积极完善党群双向互信沟通机制,健全完善党群互联互通制度与机制,清晰界定民意督办机构的职责权限,扎实推动基层治理现代化转型,着力增强基层治理现代化能力。

Mass Concentration of Particles (PM10) in Urban Environment of Changsha,China

Continuous measurement of ambient PM10 was performed by TEOM at a university campus for about one year from 20 November 2007 to 29 October 2008 in Changsha city of Hunan province.Indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration were measured by DustTrak simultaneously in order to describe the difference in concentration level and daily variations of particle mass concentration between different seasons,and to survey the influence of ambient particle on indoor air quality.During the survey period,the annual average PM10 concentration was found to be 117.63 μg/m3,with a mean value 121.88 μg/m3 in winter and 111.50 μg/m3 in spring.The temporal trend changed quickly from time to time,and the peak values were found in rush hours and in the evening.Ambient PM10 showed a good correlation with indoor PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 but not with indoor PM2.5.These results showed that PM10 was influenced by local source(such as traffic or fuel burning)and regional source.The correlation analysis has shown that ambient PM10 contributes substantial fraction to indoor PM10 but not to indoor PM2.5,which indicates other source may exist in the indoor environment.

一株支气管炎鲍特杆菌国家标准菌种的再鉴定

通过生化试验、质谱鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、全基因组序列测定及生物信息学分析等方法对国家标准菌种CMCC(B)40001进行再鉴定。对菌株的毒力、耐药和MLST进行分析,并对鲍特杆菌(Bordetella spp.)的群体进化进行分析。结合不同方法,CMCC(B)40001再鉴定为支气管炎鲍特杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica),且其作为标准菌种能够发挥国家标准描述的质控作用。同时获取该菌株的新ST型,在进化关系上,其与百日咳鲍特杆菌(Bordetella pertussis)和副百日咳鲍特杆菌(Bordetella parapertussis)遗传距离近。本研究再鉴定了国家标准菌种CMCC(B)40001为支气管炎鲍特杆菌,并分析了其遗传特征,为国家标准菌种的应用提供资源描述支持。