Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

Measurement and assessment of water resources carrying capacity in Henan Province, China

As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by available water resources and while maintaining defined environmental conditions. This paper proposes a distributed quantitative model for WRCC, based on the principles of optimization, and considering hydro-economic interaction, water supply, water quality, and socioeconomic development constraints. With the model, the WRCCs of 60 subregions in Henan Province were determined for different development periods. The results showed that the water resources carrying level of Henan Province was suitably loaded in 2010, but that the province would be mildly overloaded in 2030 with respect to the socioeconomic development planning goals. The restricting factors for WRCC included the available water resources, the increasing rate of GDP, the urbanization ratio, the irrigation water utilization coefficient, the industrial water recycling rate, and the wastewater reuse rate, of which the available water resources was the most crucial factor. Because these factors varied temporally and spatially, the trends in predicted WRCC were inconsistent across different subregions and periods.

An assessment of the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in North China Plain region–Analysis of potential for development

Over-exploitation of groundwater in North China Plain(NCP) has resulted in a series of eco-environment problems. Sustainable use of groundwater resources in NCP, in particular management of groundwater resource carrying capacity(GRCC), faces an unprecedented challenge. Here we define GRCC, and a new assessment method is tentatively proposed and applied to evaluate GRCC based on the whole NCP, city administrative units and county administrative units. Our study divided the NCP into three zones, i.e. non-overexploited non-overloaded zone(NNZ), overexploited but non-overloaded zone(ONZ), and overexploited overloaded zone(OOZ). Results confirmed 27.6% of counties belonged to NNZ. However, 58.9% of counties and NCP as a whole belonged to ONZ, and 13.5% of counties belonged to OOZ. Spatially, NNZs were mainly distributed in Beijing, parts of eastern coastal cities and Henan Province. OOZs were mostly distributed in middle-eastern part of Cangzhou, parts of Dezhou, Tianjin and Binzhou, and the remaining areas belonged to ONZs. We suggest two approaches for enhancing GRCC, i) increasing the amount of available groundwater and ii) improving the water use efficiency. An increase of 11.0 billion cubic meters to the available groundwater levels combined with water use efficiency improvements up to 479 CNY per cubic meter of the world mean, the gross domestic product(GDP) sustained by groundwater in the NCP could reach 11.1 trillion CNY and maintain a 20 years of GDP development assuming the current rate of growth.

Safety Evaluation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Five Cities in Ningxia Based on Ecological Footprint of Water Resources

[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators were selected from the natural,economic,and social aspects,and the most influential factors in the three fields were selected.Based on the concept of ecological priority,the water resources carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia from 2010 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model.Then,the indicators of the water resources ecological footprint model were coupled with the existing indicators to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system.Finally,the changes of the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia were analyzed with the help of the principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]The ecological pressure of water resources and the ecological deficit of water resources in the five cities were relatively large.Specifically,Yinchuan City had the most obvious deficit of water resources but good carrying capacity;Zhongwei City had a large ecological deficit of water resources,poor carrying capacity,and the largest ecological pressure index of water resources;Guyuan City had low water resources ecological deficit,water resources ecological carrying capacity and water resources ecological pressure index.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of the coupling indicator system,it can be seen that the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities is in an upward trend,indicating that the water environment in each region tends to become better.

Assessment on the Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Karst Area Based on the Cosine Vector Included Angle

[Objective] The research aimed to assess the water resources carrying capacity in Guizhou Province based on the cosine vector included angle method. [Method] By using the cosine vector included angle method, the index weight was determined. The projection value of water resources carrying capacity in Guizhou Province was counted by using the multi-objective gray relational projection method. Moreover, the projection value which was counted by the index weight determined by the mean-variance method was as the control. [Result] The projection values which were obtained by two kinds of methods were very close, and the ordering result was consistent. [Conclusion] In the assessment of water resources carrying capacity, it was feasible to use the cosine vector included angle method to determine the index weight.

Exploration of the dynamic water resource carrying capacity of the Keriya River Basin on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert,China

The water resource carrying capacity(WRCC)in river basin changes dynamically under climate change,economic development,and technological advancement.Climate change affects hydrological processes and spatial/temporal distribution of water resources;while economic develo-ment and technological advancement can also affect the balance of water resources systems.Under climate change,economic development,and technological advancement,itis of great significance to explore the dynamic behavior of WRCC in river basins.This will help to alleviate water resources security issues and build a sustainable water resources system.This study was carried out to evaluate the dynamic WRCC using the"climate,economics,and technology-control objective inversion mode",which used total water consumption,water-use efficiency,and restrained total pollutant control in the water functional area as boundary conditions.This study was conducted on the Keriya River Basin,a sub-catchment located in southem margin of the Taklimakan Desert.The WRCC in the Keriya River Basin in 2015 was calculated,and the trends in the short term(2020),middle tem(2030),and long term(2050)were predicted.The results revealed that climate change factors have a positive effect on WRCC in the Keriya River Basin,which leads to an increase in total water resources.Economic and technological development exhibits an overall positive effect,while increasing in water consumption and sewage discharge exhibit a negative effect.

黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展耦合协调研究

在生态文明建设理念下,如何实现生态脆弱区资源环境与经济的协调发展,已成为我国亟待解决的问题之一。以典型生态脆弱区黄河“几”字弯都市圈21个地级市为例,基于2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的资源环境与经济发展数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法分析资源环境承载力状况,并引入耦合协调度模型揭示资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调关系及其时空演变特征,结果表明:黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力呈波动上升趋势,区域差异显著;资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调度整体逐渐趋向于更高程度的耦合;通过莫兰指数分析发现,黄河“几”字弯都市圈资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合协调度为显著空间正相关。

基于三维生态足迹的渭河流域甘肃段可持续发展综合评价与影响因素分析

渭河流域生态系统的稳定和可持续发展是实现黄河流域保护和高质量发展战略的关键。本研究以渭河流域甘肃段为研究对象,采用生态足迹理论和改进的三维生态足迹模型,评估了2005—2020年期间该区域的生态安全状况及其变化趋势。基于此,对渭河流域的生态可持续性以及资源供需平衡进行了综合评价。结果表明,该时段内,渭河流域甘肃段的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字均呈增长趋势,其中生态足迹的增速超过了生态承载力的增速,导致生态赤字持续增加,反映出该地区资源供给不足以满足需求。生态足迹分析的广度与深度均有所增加,反映出该区域存量资本被过度利用,且耕地、林地和建设用地对资源流量的占用水平上升,而水域和草地的占用水平下降。此外,生态足迹的变化受多种因素驱动,包括自然环境、经济增长和社会发展等,其中建成区面积、城镇化率、人均GDP和各产业产值与之正相关。研究还发现,区域土地的生态可持续性已从基本平衡转变为轻度不可持续状态,并且有进一步恶化的趋势。适度人口比例实际人口的比例下降,人口增长空间减小,使得生态可持续性难以稳定保障。本研究为黄河流域保护和高质量发展战略提供了科学依据。

基于博弈论组合赋权的云南省水资源承载力评价

水资源承载力是指一个区域或国家所能提供的可持续利用的水资源量,它直接关系到社会经济的可持续发展和生态环境的健康,也是衡量特定区域水资源供需平衡能力的重要指标。本文将对云南省水资源承载力进行分析评价,首先运用博弈论组合赋权法,结合专家打分的层次分析法和客观分析原始数据的熵权法及变异系数法,得出综合权重;然后采用灰色关联度改进的逼近理想解的排序方法(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)及耦合协调分析法,综合得出云南省在2008~2020年间水资源承载力的变化情况并做出评价。结果表明,2008~2020年水资源承载力总体呈上升趋势,其中,经济子系统和社会子系统的承载力始终保持持续上升的状态,而水资源子系统和生态环境子系统则出现波动情况。2008~2014年,云南省为大力发展经济,牺牲了一定的水资源合理开发利用,但在2014年后,开始注重水资源保护,实施绿色可持续发展战略,水资源子系统的承载力逐步提升。

天水市资源环境与经济发展的耦合协调性研究

为了探究天水市资源环境与经济发展之间的耦合协调关系,本文首先通过构建天水市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵权法、综合指数法测算了2010—2021年天水市资源环境承载力和经济发展水平的相关数据,其次使用耦合协调度模型对天水市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调性进行了深入分析,最后还运用障碍度模型识别了妨碍天水市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平提升的主要障碍因素。研究结果表明:1)2010—2021年天水市资源环境承载力综合评价指数呈现波动上升的趋势,指数值由2010年的0.1201增加至2021年的0.8395;经济发展水平综合评价指数则呈现逐年上升的趋势,指数值从2010年的0.1845上升至2021年的0.8669,以上表明2010—2021年天水市的资源环境承载力与经济发展水平均得到了一定程度的提高。2)天水市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调度值从2010年的0.2728波动上升至2021年的0.6531,耦合协调等级从中度失调逐步提升到初级耦合,表明2010—2021年天水市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平的耦合协调性得到了不断改善。3)2010—2021年妨碍天水市资源环境承载力提升的主要障碍因素有人均水资源占有量(X_(2))、人口密度(X_(3))、工业废气排放量(X_(6))、工业固体废弃物排放量(X_(8))、第二产业占比(X_(12))、第三产业占比(X_(13))、恩格尔系数(X_(16))共7项;妨碍天水市经济发展水平提升的主要障碍因素有社会消费品零售总额(Y_(4))、第一产业占比(Y_(5))、第三产业占比(Y_(7))、城镇居民人均可支配收入(Y_(8))、农村居民人均可支配收入(Y_(9))、恩格尔系数(Y_(10))共6项。由以上障碍因素可以看出,天水市资源环境与社会经济的协调发展受到了自然资源、环境保护、经济实力、经济结构、人民生活水平等多方面因素的共同制约。

基于无人机遥感的长江经济带自然资源环境承载力评价——以蕲春县大同镇为例

推动长江经济带发展是国家重大战略决策,而自然资源环境与经济社会的协调发展是生态文明建设的客观需要。目前关于自然资源环境承载力评价的研究成果很多,但大多未全面考虑“山水林田湖草”生命共同体的主要要素;随着无人机技术的发展和推广应用,利用无人机遥感可获得高精度自然资源环境因子。为此,从“山水林田湖草”生命共同体理念出发,选取土地资源等4个一级指标、人均耕地面积等11个二级指标,采用层次分析法构建自然资源环境承载力评价体系;选取地处长江经济带中部、大别山南麓的黄冈市蕲春县大同镇为研究区,利用无人机采集高精度正射影像数据,通过遥感影像解译,得到人均耕地面积等7个指标的分布规律;根据统计数据,得到人口密度等4个指标的分布规律。在此基础上,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能,得到自然资源环境承载力评价结果。结果表明,高承载力、中等承载力、低承载力村庄所占比例分别为19%、55%、26%,研究区自然资源环境承载力总体处于中等水平及以上。该研究丰富和拓展了传统资源环境承载力评价的研究思路和方法,研究结果可为管理部门制定区域发展规划和生态保护、修复方案提供依据和支撑。

合肥市资源环境承载力与经济发展水平耦合关系的时空演变分析及障碍因素诊断

[目的]探究资源环境承载力和经济发展水平关系的时空演变特征和障碍因素的识别,对区域生态文明建设和可持续协调发展具有重要理论意义。[方法]以合肥市为研究对象,构建合肥市资源环境承载力和经济发展水平指标体系,利用状态空间法模型、耦合模型、障碍度模型等方法,测算分析了合肥市2011-2020年资源环境承载力与经济发展水平之间的耦合协调程度及演变过程并识别了制约两者的障碍因素。[结果]合肥市资源环境承载力和经济发展水平指数值均呈现上升趋势,资源环境承载力和经济发展水平不断增强。2011-2020年资源环境承载力和经济发展水平耦合度数值在0.48~0.50之间,类型属拮抗状态,耦合协调度水平处于0.42~0.65之间,呈现上升趋势,经历了从轻度失调到低水平协调再到良好协调发展的过程。从障碍因素识别来看,制约合肥市资源环境承载力的障碍因素主要来自要素层环境容量要素,制约合肥市经济发展水平的障碍因素主要来源于经济实力和经济结构要素,这三个要素也是制约资源环境与经济协调发展的关键所在。[结论]通过对资源环境承载力和经济发展水平之间关系的研究及其障碍因素的准确识别,增添了合肥市资源环境与经济协调发展的理论支撑。

长江经济带环境地质调查研究进展

中国地质调查局近年组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”,采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要的成果和认识:①构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务系统,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出了相关建议;②提出长江续接贯通时间是在距今75万年的早、中更新世之交的新认识;③探索形成流域5个系列生态修复示范关键技术和方法体系;④构建长江流域重大水利工程与地质环境效应研究方法体系,创建一套多模态传感器系统,提出重大水利工程对地质环境影响的新判断;⑤探索建立流域尺度地球关键带调查评价监测理论和方法体系;⑥创新应用“光纤技术”监测地面沉降和地裂缝、长江崩岸以及城镇地下空间开发利用扰动取得突破,相关技术引领光纤监测技术发展;⑦自主研发机载航空高光谱仪,建立航空高光谱遥感综合调查技术方法;⑧探索形成流域3种尺度资源环境承载能力和8种国土空间开发利用适宜性评价方法体系;⑨调查研究成果在支撑服务长江经济带国土空间规划、流域生态环境保护和修复、支撑服务新型城镇化战略、重大工程规划建设、地质灾害防治、脱贫攻坚和国家地下战略储油储气库基地建设等方面均得到了广泛应用,形成21支稳定的环境地质调查专业团队。

新型城镇化与水资源承载力耦合协调的空间联系——基于长江经济带的实证

为促进长江经济带区域城镇化和水资源系统协调发展,在构建系统综合评价指标体系的基础上,采用熵权TOPSIS模型、耦合协调度模型以及空间引力模型对2005~2020年长江经济带新型城镇化和水资源承载力系统协调发展的动态演进特征及空间联系结构进行了实证分析。结果表明:①从时间序列上看,2005~2020年长江经济带新型城镇化与水资源承载力耦合协调度呈持续上升趋势,新型城镇化指数增长速度远快于水资源承载力增长速度。②从空间格局上看,长江经济带耦合协调度呈现出中游<上游<下游的空间差异格局;而从省域视角分析,耦合协调发展水平在空间上呈“东北高、西南低”的衰减格局。③区域耦合协调的空间联系渐趋紧密,空间网络密度整体呈“东密西疏”的空间分布特征,耦合协调度的空间联结格局变化较为稳定,且上、中、下游三大分区也表现出显著的空间异质性,其中上海市、江西省和重庆市分别成为长江经济带东部、中部和西部地区的核心增长极和辐射带动省份。研究成果可为该地区水资源承载力提升、水环境转优以及城市发展总体布局的提升提供参考。

基于矩估计-TOPSIS-RSR昆明市水资源承载力综合评价

【目的】水资源承载力是区域经济社会可持续发展的重要参考因素。随着经济社会的快速发展,昆明市水资源严重匮乏且过度开发,水资源供需矛盾日益突出。因此,定量分析昆明市水资源承载力,可以为昆明合理优化配置水资源提供理论依据与参考。【方法】从水资源、生态环境、社会和经济4个子系统中选定20个评价指标构建水资源承载力综合评价体系,并采用矩估计法确定各个指标组合权重。通过建立TOPSIS-RSR模型对昆明市2008—2020年水资源承载力进行了合理分级、灵敏度分析及综合评价。【结果】结果表明:2008—2020年昆明市水资源承载力整体呈现上升趋势,贴近度从0.413提高到0.679,增长率为64.4%,承载力水平从一般水平提升到较好水平。影响昆明市水资源承载力的主要因素为水资源开发利用率、生态环境用水率、工业废水中COD排放量、森林覆盖率、人口自然增长率、人均GDP。在2009—2011年期间,昆明市水资源承载力受大旱影响有小幅波动的情况。对于其他子系统,除了水资源子系统较脆弱,受气候波动影响较大外,生态环境、社会和经济子系统承载力总体稳步增长。【结论】根据评价结果,昆明市水资源压力依然巨大,可通过优化升级产业结构,逐步淘汰高耗能、高耗水工业;优化配置水资源,保障水量、水质;加强生态文明建设等措施,提升昆明市水资源承载力,保障经济社会可持续发展。

基于水资源承载力与城市经济社会发展水平耦合协调度模型的遵义市发展评价

基于2011—2020年《遵义市统计年鉴》和《遵义市水资源公报》,采用多因子的熵权法确定水资源承载力水平和城市经济社会发展水平综合评价指标体系各指标的权重,在此基础上构建了能够反映社会、经济、人口、水量、水质等多因子的水资源承载力与城市经济社会发展水平耦合协调度模型,分析了遵义市现城区和规划城区水资源承载力与城市经济社会发展水平的时空耦合协调关系。结果表明:遵义市现城区和规划城区水资源承载力与城市经济社会发展水平的时空耦合协调度在2011—2020年均呈现总体上升趋势;时间上,现城区耦合协调度受经济社会发展水平的影响较明显,规划城区北扩区域目前经济布局较少,使得经济社会发展水平有所降低,说明城市北扩有利于促进城市经济社会高质量发展;空间上,遵义市现城区水资源承载力与城市经济社会发展水平耦合协调度在发展进程中有明显的空间差异且差异逐渐缩小,规划城区耦合协调度呈现“南强北弱”的格局,说明经济社会发展对水资源需求程度高的区域在南部,未来经济布局可逐步北移、东扩,并继续实行严格的水资源管理制度,优化水资源配置,缓解水资源短缺等问题,保障经济社会可持续发展。

长江经济带水土资源承载力时空演化特征

水土资源承载力是资源环境承载力的重要组成部分,科学评价水土资源承载力对合理引导人口流动、缓解资源环境压力和促进区域高质量发展具有重要意义。以长江经济带11省市为例,分别运用土地资源承载力和水资源承载力评价模型对2008~2020年长江经济带11省市的土地资源承载力和水资源承载力进行了评价分级和时空演化分析,在此基础上又运用二维矩阵赋值法对长江经济带11省市的水土资源承载力进行了综合评价分级和时空演化分析。结果表明:①长江经济带11省市土地资源承载力级别总体上呈现“东西弱,中部强”的空间分布格局,并且表现出“中部增强,东西部减弱”的时空演变趋势,土地资源承载力总体是向承载力级别高的方向发展,土地资源所能承载的人口数变多,人地关系更趋和谐;②长江经济带11省市水资源承载力总体上呈“东强西弱”的空间分布格局,在水资源承载力总体格局保持相对稳定的情况下,东部地区的江苏省和浙江省发生了水资源承载力级别的变化,显示出“东西弱,中部强”的时空演变趋势;③长江经济带11省市水土资源承载力总体呈现“东强西弱”的空间分布特征,水土资源承载力为“较强”和“弱”的两个级别均有向东移动的趋势,承载力为“较强”和“弱”级别的省份数量有所增加,承载力为“中等”和“较弱”级别的省份数量有所减少。

江苏省沿江经济带旅游碳足迹与收入脱钩分析

以江苏省沿江8市旅游及林业相关数据为基础,采用“自上而下”的方法对旅游业碳排放水平进行测算,依据旅游碳足迹及承载力模型计算并分析江苏省沿江经济带2016—2020年旅游碳足迹、碳承载力及碳赤字的变化特征,根据脱钩理论分析沿江经济带旅游碳排放与旅游经济增长的协调关系。研究结果显示:1)江苏省沿江经济带2016—2019年旅游碳足迹总量、碳承载能力处于增长状态,2019—2020年处于减少状态,国内、国际旅游碳足迹与总量变化趋势一致;旅游碳赤字严重,2016—2019年不断扩大,2020年减小。2)人均旅游碳足迹呈“上升—下降—上升”趋势,类似于字母“N”,人均国内旅游碳足迹动态变化趋势与总量相似,人均国外旅游碳足迹变化趋势近似于“√”;人均旅游碳承载能力呈字母“W”状变化;人均旅游碳赤字从2009年的135.7 kg/人上升到2020年的152.4 kg/人,增长速度较快。3)2016—2020年沿江经济带旅游碳排放与旅游收入的关系依次为弱脱钩、扩张性耦合、扩张性耦合、弱脱钩及衰退性耦合,发展很不协调。据此,建议江苏省沿江经济带秉持适度开发旅游资源的原则,切实维护旅游生态系统安全;坚守“景区生态承载力”阈值,积极运用限流、错峰入园等技术与措施;提倡低碳旅游,增加森林植被碳汇;对旅行社、酒店等行业及其相关碳排放进行系统规划与统筹布局,及时调控旅游业碳排放脱钩状态与水平。

2010-2020年赣州市地下水资源承载力研究

地下水资源承载力评价对促进社会经济发展和维护区域生态环境具有重要意义。通过建立地下水承载力、地下水可利用量、用水效率的函数关系,分析多年赣州市各行业用水效率和用水量变化,运用地下水开采程度RQ和经济发展程度RG投影图法,对赣州市多年地下水资源承载力展开研究。结果表明,赣州市农业、工业、其他行业用水效率逐年升高,综合用水效率从2010年的44.13元/m^(3)增长至2020年110.36元/m^(3),呈现总体上升趋势;2010-2020年,赣州市实际地下水资源承载力呈整体上升趋势,从2010年的82.96亿元上升至2020年的144.57亿元,期间略有起伏,但远低于其地下水理论承载的GDP(fmax)448.06亿元。2010-2020年,RG-RQ数据投影点均落在I区域内,表明赣州市地下水资源承载力未超载,社会经济发展不受地下水资源的制约,依赖程度较低,地下水开采潜力大,未来经济发展规模有较大空间。