Hundred years after the conjecture of the British astronomer Eddington that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, new physics theory may help make energy harvesting by nuclear fusion soon a reality. Resear...Hundred years after the conjecture of the British astronomer Eddington that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, new physics theory may help make energy harvesting by nuclear fusion soon a reality. Researchers as well as investors funding fusion megaprojects are asked to deal with new relativistic corrections for mass and energy proposed by Suleiman in his Information Relativity Theory (IRT). These corrections were calculated in this contribution. It will help to decide whether a venture will be successful and to save big investments when in doubt. The assumed optimal kinetic energy for controlled nuclear fusion must be corrected to a somewhat higher level. At very high kinetic energy in the upper GeV range, it remains not enough baryonic mass to be transformed in energy. The fusion probability faded out to zero already at the golden limit of the recession speed of between target nucleon and projectile nucleon. Cold nuclear fusion, if ever possible, is recommended for protons rather than deuterons at highest experimental possible temperatures around 1000 (K) and needs fine-tuned kinetic nucleon energy. It would be also of interest whether a golden ratio based nuclear fuel confinement chamber could be beneficial. In this connection, also cold nuclear fusion setups should be discussed. Nature is governed by the golden ratio and criticality of physical systems influenced by it, and nuclear physics is not an exception. Computer simulations of the underlying controlled nuclear fusion processes should gain profit from IRT corrected starting information and may tackle anew possible low energy nuclear transmutations considering the wave-like dark components of matter and energy.展开更多
The Schrödinger equation for the 2S and 2P states of the lithium-like ions Z=5–7,9–10 is solved by using the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method in Hylleraas coordinates.The leading-order relativistic and QED corr...The Schrödinger equation for the 2S and 2P states of the lithium-like ions Z=5–7,9–10 is solved by using the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method in Hylleraas coordinates.The leading-order relativistic and QED corrections are calculated perturbatively and higher-order corrections are estimated.The transition frequencies between the 2S_(1/2)and 2P_(J)(J=1/2,3/2)states are determined and compared with experimental and other theoretical results.Specifically,isotope shifts are also calculated for B^(2+).展开更多
Complete relativistic corrections of an effective Hamiltonian for a single-particle system in an external electromagnetic field and their unitary equivalent form up to the order of mα^(8) are obtained.The derivation ...Complete relativistic corrections of an effective Hamiltonian for a single-particle system in an external electromagnetic field and their unitary equivalent form up to the order of mα^(8) are obtained.The derivation is based on two approaches applying Foldy-Wouthuysen(FW)transformation to the Dirac Hamiltonian for a particle in an external electromagnetic field.The results are consistent with the previous work at the mα^(6) and mα^(8) order correction[Phys.Rev.A 71012503(2005);Phys.Rev.A 100012513(2019)].We also further consider the effect of anomalous magnetic moments,namely,the Dirac-Pauli equation,and obtain FW-Hamiltonians at the same order.The results obtained can be used for the subsequent calculation of relativistic and radiation effects in simple atomic and molecular systems.展开更多
The potential energy curves (PECs) of four electronic states (X^1∑g+, e^3△u, a3∑^-u, and d3Лg) of an As2 molecule are investigated employing the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method f...The potential energy curves (PECs) of four electronic states (X^1∑g+, e^3△u, a3∑^-u, and d3Лg) of an As2 molecule are investigated employing the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in conjunction with the correlation-consistent aug-cc- pV5Z basis set. The effect on PECs by the relativistic correction is taken into account. The way to consider the relativistic correction is to employ the second-order Douglas-Kroll Hamiltonian approximation. The correction is made at the level of a cc-pVSZ basis set. The PECs of the electronic states involved are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. With the PECs, the spectroscopic parameters (Te, Re, ωe, ωeXe, ωeye, ae, βe, γe, and Be) of these electronic states are determined and compared in detail with those reported in the literature. Excellent agreement is found between the present results and the experimental data. The first 40 vibrational states are studied for each electronic state when the rotational quantum number J equals zero. In addition, the vibrational levels, inertial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants of d3Hg electronic state are reported which are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Comparison with the experimental data shows that the present results are both reliable and accurate.展开更多
Differences of the time periods in two independent quantum systems are examined on a semiclassical level. The systems are the electron in the hydrogen atom and a free-electron particle moving in a one-dimensional pote...Differences of the time periods in two independent quantum systems are examined on a semiclassical level. The systems are the electron in the hydrogen atom and a free-electron particle moving in a one-dimensional potential box, respectively. It is demonstrated that in both systems the relativistic correction to the time interval can be expressed as a multiple of the same quantum of time. The size of the quantum is proportional to the ratio of the Planck’s constant and the rest energy of the electron particle.展开更多
In this paper, we overview recent advances in high-precision structure calculations of the hydrogen molecular ions (H2+ and HD+), including nonrelativistic energy eigenvalues and relativistic and quantum electrody...In this paper, we overview recent advances in high-precision structure calculations of the hydrogen molecular ions (H2+ and HD+), including nonrelativistic energy eigenvalues and relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections. In combination with high-precision measurements, it is feasible to precisely determine a molecular-based value of the proton- to-electron mass ratio. An experimental scheme is presented for measuring the rovibrational transition frequency (v,L) : (0, 0) → (6,1) in HD+, which is currently underway at the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics.展开更多
The heavy quark effective theory vastly reduces the weak-decay form factors of hadrons containing one heavy quark. Many works attempt to directly apply this theory to hadrons with multiple heavy quarks. In this paper,...The heavy quark effective theory vastly reduces the weak-decay form factors of hadrons containing one heavy quark. Many works attempt to directly apply this theory to hadrons with multiple heavy quarks. In this paper,we examine this confusing application by the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method from a phenomenological perspective, and give the numerical results for Bc decays to charmonium where the final states include 1S, 1P, 2S, and 2P. Our results indicate that the form factors parameterized by a single Isgur-Wise function deviate substantially from the full ones, especially when excited states are involved. The relativistic corrections(1/mQcorrections) require the introduction of more non-perturbative universal functions, similar to the Isgur-Wise function, which are the overlapping integrals of the wave functions with the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark.展开更多
The Breit interaction contains singular terms which may lead to an instability in quark-antiquark bound state calculations. We regularize the Breit interaction by multiplying the singular terms in momentum space by th...The Breit interaction contains singular terms which may lead to an instability in quark-antiquark bound state calculations. We regularize the Breit interaction by multiplying the singular terms in momentum space by the form factor μ^2/(q^2+μ^2) such that the interaction is not singular at the origin and the intermediate-and long-range parts of the interaction remain unchanged. The singular terms in the Breit potential find their stable contributions in the calculations after being multiplied by the form factor with different powers. Such a regularized Breit potential with a linear and a relativistically corrected confining potential are applied to the study of qq^- bound states. The spectra for most familiar mesons are consistently obtained and agree well with the experimental data.展开更多
The transition energies, wavelengths and oscillator strengths for the ls22s-ls2np (n≤9) transitions of Ni25+ ion are calculated. In calculation of the energies, we not only take account of the first- order correct...The transition energies, wavelengths and oscillator strengths for the ls22s-ls2np (n≤9) transitions of Ni25+ ion are calculated. In calculation of the energies, we not only take account of the first- order corrections from relativistic and mass-polarization effects, but also estimate the higher-order relativistic contribution and QED correction by introducing the effective nuclear charge. The results agree with experimental data available in literature satisfactorily. Grotrian diagram showing these transitions is given.展开更多
文摘Hundred years after the conjecture of the British astronomer Eddington that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, new physics theory may help make energy harvesting by nuclear fusion soon a reality. Researchers as well as investors funding fusion megaprojects are asked to deal with new relativistic corrections for mass and energy proposed by Suleiman in his Information Relativity Theory (IRT). These corrections were calculated in this contribution. It will help to decide whether a venture will be successful and to save big investments when in doubt. The assumed optimal kinetic energy for controlled nuclear fusion must be corrected to a somewhat higher level. At very high kinetic energy in the upper GeV range, it remains not enough baryonic mass to be transformed in energy. The fusion probability faded out to zero already at the golden limit of the recession speed of between target nucleon and projectile nucleon. Cold nuclear fusion, if ever possible, is recommended for protons rather than deuterons at highest experimental possible temperatures around 1000 (K) and needs fine-tuned kinetic nucleon energy. It would be also of interest whether a golden ratio based nuclear fuel confinement chamber could be beneficial. In this connection, also cold nuclear fusion setups should be discussed. Nature is governed by the golden ratio and criticality of physical systems influenced by it, and nuclear physics is not an exception. Computer simulations of the underlying controlled nuclear fusion processes should gain profit from IRT corrected starting information and may tackle anew possible low energy nuclear transmutations considering the wave-like dark components of matter and energy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774080)supported by NSERC of Canada
文摘The Schrödinger equation for the 2S and 2P states of the lithium-like ions Z=5–7,9–10 is solved by using the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method in Hylleraas coordinates.The leading-order relativistic and QED corrections are calculated perturbatively and higher-order corrections are estimated.The transition frequencies between the 2S_(1/2)and 2P_(J)(J=1/2,3/2)states are determined and compared with experimental and other theoretical results.Specifically,isotope shifts are also calculated for B^(2+).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074295 and 12104420)。
文摘Complete relativistic corrections of an effective Hamiltonian for a single-particle system in an external electromagnetic field and their unitary equivalent form up to the order of mα^(8) are obtained.The derivation is based on two approaches applying Foldy-Wouthuysen(FW)transformation to the Dirac Hamiltonian for a particle in an external electromagnetic field.The results are consistent with the previous work at the mα^(6) and mα^(8) order correction[Phys.Rev.A 71012503(2005);Phys.Rev.A 100012513(2019)].We also further consider the effect of anomalous magnetic moments,namely,the Dirac-Pauli equation,and obtain FW-Hamiltonians at the same order.The results obtained can be used for the subsequent calculation of relativistic and radiation effects in simple atomic and molecular systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11247254)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Research Team in University of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 13IRTSTHN020)the Program for Science and Technology of Henan Province, China (Grant Nos. 122300410331 and 12A140009)
文摘The potential energy curves (PECs) of four electronic states (X^1∑g+, e^3△u, a3∑^-u, and d3Лg) of an As2 molecule are investigated employing the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in conjunction with the correlation-consistent aug-cc- pV5Z basis set. The effect on PECs by the relativistic correction is taken into account. The way to consider the relativistic correction is to employ the second-order Douglas-Kroll Hamiltonian approximation. The correction is made at the level of a cc-pVSZ basis set. The PECs of the electronic states involved are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. With the PECs, the spectroscopic parameters (Te, Re, ωe, ωeXe, ωeye, ae, βe, γe, and Be) of these electronic states are determined and compared in detail with those reported in the literature. Excellent agreement is found between the present results and the experimental data. The first 40 vibrational states are studied for each electronic state when the rotational quantum number J equals zero. In addition, the vibrational levels, inertial rotation and centrifugal distortion constants of d3Hg electronic state are reported which are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Comparison with the experimental data shows that the present results are both reliable and accurate.
文摘Differences of the time periods in two independent quantum systems are examined on a semiclassical level. The systems are the electron in the hydrogen atom and a free-electron particle moving in a one-dimensional potential box, respectively. It is demonstrated that in both systems the relativistic correction to the time interval can be expressed as a multiple of the same quantum of time. The size of the quantum is proportional to the ratio of the Planck’s constant and the rest energy of the electron particle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11474316,11004221,10974224,and 11274348)the"Hundred Talent Program"of Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金supported by NSERC,SHARCnet,ACEnet of Canadathe CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘In this paper, we overview recent advances in high-precision structure calculations of the hydrogen molecular ions (H2+ and HD+), including nonrelativistic energy eigenvalues and relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections. In combination with high-precision measurements, it is feasible to precisely determine a molecular-based value of the proton- to-electron mass ratio. An experimental scheme is presented for measuring the rovibrational transition frequency (v,L) : (0, 0) → (6,1) in HD+, which is currently underway at the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11405037,11575048,11505039)PIRS of HIT(B201506)。
文摘The heavy quark effective theory vastly reduces the weak-decay form factors of hadrons containing one heavy quark. Many works attempt to directly apply this theory to hadrons with multiple heavy quarks. In this paper,we examine this confusing application by the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method from a phenomenological perspective, and give the numerical results for Bc decays to charmonium where the final states include 1S, 1P, 2S, and 2P. Our results indicate that the form factors parameterized by a single Isgur-Wise function deviate substantially from the full ones, especially when excited states are involved. The relativistic corrections(1/mQcorrections) require the introduction of more non-perturbative universal functions, similar to the Isgur-Wise function, which are the overlapping integrals of the wave functions with the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10775024)the Foundation of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Center of National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou
文摘The Breit interaction contains singular terms which may lead to an instability in quark-antiquark bound state calculations. We regularize the Breit interaction by multiplying the singular terms in momentum space by the form factor μ^2/(q^2+μ^2) such that the interaction is not singular at the origin and the intermediate-and long-range parts of the interaction remain unchanged. The singular terms in the Breit potential find their stable contributions in the calculations after being multiplied by the form factor with different powers. Such a regularized Breit potential with a linear and a relativistically corrected confining potential are applied to the study of qq^- bound states. The spectra for most familiar mesons are consistently obtained and agree well with the experimental data.
文摘The transition energies, wavelengths and oscillator strengths for the ls22s-ls2np (n≤9) transitions of Ni25+ ion are calculated. In calculation of the energies, we not only take account of the first- order corrections from relativistic and mass-polarization effects, but also estimate the higher-order relativistic contribution and QED correction by introducing the effective nuclear charge. The results agree with experimental data available in literature satisfactorily. Grotrian diagram showing these transitions is given.