Multi-scale Incremental Analysis Update Scheme and Its Application to Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)Prediction

In the traditional incremental analysis update(IAU)process,all analysis increments are treated as constant forcing in a model’s prognostic equations over a certain time window.This approach effectively reduces high-frequency oscillations introduced by data assimilation.However,as different scales of increments have unique evolutionary speeds and life histories in a numerical model,the traditional IAU scheme cannot fully meet the requirements of short-term forecasting for the damping of high-frequency noise and may even cause systematic drifts.Therefore,a multi-scale IAU scheme is proposed in this paper.Analysis increments were divided into different scale parts using a spatial filtering technique.For each scale increment,the optimal relaxation time in the IAU scheme was determined by the skill of the forecasting results.Finally,different scales of analysis increments were added to the model integration during their optimal relaxation time.The multi-scale IAU scheme can effectively reduce the noise and further improve the balance between large-scale and small-scale increments in the model initialization stage.To evaluate its performance,several numerical experiments were conducted to simulate the path and intensity of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)and showed that:(1)the multi-scale IAU scheme had an obvious effect on noise control at the initial stage of data assimilation;(2)the optimal relaxation time for large-scale and small-scale increments was estimated as 6 h and 3 h,respectively;(3)the forecast performance of the multi-scale IAU scheme in the prediction of Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)was better than that of the traditional IAU scheme.The results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-scale IAU scheme.

An Uzawa-type algorithm for the coupled Stokes equations

An Uzawa-type algorithm is designed for the coupled Stokes equations discretized by the mixed finite element method.The velocity solved by the presented algorithm is weakly divergence-free,which is different from the one solved by the common Uzawa method.Besides,an optimal relaxation parameter of the presented algorithm is provided.

THE OPTIMAL VARIABLE SUCCESSIVE OVER RELAXATION (OVSOR) METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL RESERVOIR SIMULATIONS

This present paper has proved the theorem of the Point Optimal Variable Successive Over Relaxation (OVSOR) method of the three-dimensional unsteady flow in the reservoir, and has put forward a formu- la for calculating optimal parameters for OVSOR which vary with space points and time points. Using this method, internal memory of computer is the smallest, calculating work is the smallest, and calculating funds are the smallest. It is very easy to operate on microcomputers for three-dimensional res- ervoir simulation. The method is stable and convergent even if the time steps are taken to be large (for example, one year). The same applies for space steps. It is applicable both for homogeneous, isotropic porous mediums and for heterogeneous, anisotropic porous medium. On IBM microcomputers with internal memory of 512 thousand bytes, 8000 grid points may be cal- culated for three-dimensional simulation. It takes only two minutes to get convergence for one time step. It may be extended to three-dimensional heat conduction equation and three-dimensional simulation of the ground water flow. It looks much more advantageous for two-dimensional simulation.

Impulse controls in optimal harvesting of age-structured populations

A nonlinear optimal control problem in the Lotka-McKendrick population model is studied.It describes rational management of age-structured farmed populations in aquaculture and indoor farms.Employing generalized functions,we prove the impulse nature of optimal harvesting.Exact analytic solutions for sustainable harvesting strategies are obtained and used to analyze the optimal dynamics of harvesting age and rotation under technological innovations.

Operator Splitting and Local Time-Stepping Methods for Transport Problems in Fractured Porous Media

This paper is concerned with efficient numerical methods for the advectiondiffusion equation in a heterogeneous porous medium containing fractures.A dimensionally reduced fracture model is considered,in which the fracture is represented as an interface between subdomains and is assumed to have larger permeability than the surrounding area.We develop three global-in-time domain decomposition methods coupled with operator splitting for the reduced fracture model,where the advection and the diffusion are treated separately by different numerical schemes and with different time steps.Importantly,smaller time steps can be used in the fracture-interface than in the subdomains.The first two methods are based on the physical transmission conditions,while the third one is based on the optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation approach with Ventcel-Robin transmission conditions.A discrete space-time interface system is formulated for each method and is solved iteratively and globally in time.Numerical results for two-dimensional problems with various P′eclet numbers and different types of fracture are presented to illustrate and compare the convergence and accuracy in time of the proposed methods with local time stepping.

Micro-channel etching characteristics enhancement by femtosecond laser processing high-temperature lattice in fused silica glass

A fused silica glass micro-channel can be formed by chemical etching after femtosecond laser irradiation, and the successful etching probability is only 48%. In order to improve the micro-channel fabrication success probability,the method of processing a high-temperature lattice by a femtosecond laser pulse train is provided. With the same pulse energy and scanning speed, the success probability can be increased to 98% by optimizing pulse delay.The enhancement is mainly caused by the nanostructure, which changes from a periodic slabs structure to some intensive and loose pore structures. In this Letter, the optimum pulse energy distribution ratio to the etching is also investigated.