The matrix catalytic function when cracking the feed oil with large molecular size was systematically studied using three different catalyst configurations, including staged bed, partly mixed bed and completely mixed ...The matrix catalytic function when cracking the feed oil with large molecular size was systematically studied using three different catalyst configurations, including staged bed, partly mixed bed and completely mixed bed. Results showed that molecules in the feed oil with large molecular size indeed preferred to be first precracked on the matrix surface and then entered into the zeolite pores during the practical reaction process. Furthermore, the matrix catalytic function exhibited a great matrix-precracking ability to large feed molecules, which considerably increased the catalyst activity and the light oil selectivity. Besides the much better accessibility, the matrix-precracking ability was also from the similar capability to crack large feed hydrocarbons into the moderate fragments with that of the zeolite component. More interestingly, the interactions between the matrix catalytic function and the zeolite catalytic function made the catalyst not only exhibit much more catalytic advantages of the zeolite component, but also retain the matrix-precracking ability. As a result, the interactions enhanced the catalyst activity and improved the product distribution at the same time. The matrix catalytic function is indispensable for the catalytic cracking of feed with large molecular size, although the matrix component itself presented an inferior catalytic performance than the zeolite component did. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay(HSER), used in aviation and aerospace,demands high reliability due to its critical applications. Given its complex operating conditions, efficient thermal analysis is essentia...Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay(HSER), used in aviation and aerospace,demands high reliability due to its critical applications. Given its complex operating conditions, efficient thermal analysis is essential for optimizing reliability. The commonly used Finite Element Method(FEM) is often time-consuming and may not be efficient or adaptable for complex multi-dimensional system calculations and design processes. This paper introduces an analysis method for thermal networks based on matrix perspective technology, encompassing matrix transformation, backpropagation of the heat path model, temperature rise calculation, solution comparison, and product implementation. Using the similarity theory of heat circuits, a basic thermal unit is established. Based on the fundamental connection between key components, a thermal network for a typical HSER is designed. An experimental system is set up, and the thermal network model's accuracy is confirmed using test data. Employing the topology analysis method, the topology of the thermal network is analyzed under both coil-energized and de-energized states. Potential thermal paths are identified, leading to optimized solutions for the HSER. Utilizing these solutions, the thermal path matrix topology model is backpropagated to the thermal path for temperature rise calculations. When compared to prototype HSER test data, the efficiency and accuracy of this matrix topology-based analysis method are confirmed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U146220521476263+3 种基金21406270)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(15CX06036A)the China University of Petroleum for Postgraduate Technology Innovation Project(YCX2015028)the Qingdao People’s Livelihood Project(13-1-3-126-nsh)
文摘The matrix catalytic function when cracking the feed oil with large molecular size was systematically studied using three different catalyst configurations, including staged bed, partly mixed bed and completely mixed bed. Results showed that molecules in the feed oil with large molecular size indeed preferred to be first precracked on the matrix surface and then entered into the zeolite pores during the practical reaction process. Furthermore, the matrix catalytic function exhibited a great matrix-precracking ability to large feed molecules, which considerably increased the catalyst activity and the light oil selectivity. Besides the much better accessibility, the matrix-precracking ability was also from the similar capability to crack large feed hydrocarbons into the moderate fragments with that of the zeolite component. More interestingly, the interactions between the matrix catalytic function and the zeolite catalytic function made the catalyst not only exhibit much more catalytic advantages of the zeolite component, but also retain the matrix-precracking ability. As a result, the interactions enhanced the catalyst activity and improved the product distribution at the same time. The matrix catalytic function is indispensable for the catalytic cracking of feed with large molecular size, although the matrix component itself presented an inferior catalytic performance than the zeolite component did. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52177134)。
文摘Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay(HSER), used in aviation and aerospace,demands high reliability due to its critical applications. Given its complex operating conditions, efficient thermal analysis is essential for optimizing reliability. The commonly used Finite Element Method(FEM) is often time-consuming and may not be efficient or adaptable for complex multi-dimensional system calculations and design processes. This paper introduces an analysis method for thermal networks based on matrix perspective technology, encompassing matrix transformation, backpropagation of the heat path model, temperature rise calculation, solution comparison, and product implementation. Using the similarity theory of heat circuits, a basic thermal unit is established. Based on the fundamental connection between key components, a thermal network for a typical HSER is designed. An experimental system is set up, and the thermal network model's accuracy is confirmed using test data. Employing the topology analysis method, the topology of the thermal network is analyzed under both coil-energized and de-energized states. Potential thermal paths are identified, leading to optimized solutions for the HSER. Utilizing these solutions, the thermal path matrix topology model is backpropagated to the thermal path for temperature rise calculations. When compared to prototype HSER test data, the efficiency and accuracy of this matrix topology-based analysis method are confirmed.
