Multiway Relay Based Framework for Network Coding in Multi-Hop WSNs

In today’s information technology(IT)world,the multi-hop wireless sensor networks(MHWSNs)are considered the building block for the Internet of Things(IoT)enabled communication systems for controlling everyday tasks of organizations and industry to provide quality of service(QoS)in a stipulated time slot to end-user over the Internet.Smart city(SC)is an example of one such application which can automate a group of civil services like automatic control of traffic lights,weather prediction,surveillance,etc.,in our daily life.These IoT-based networks with multi-hop communication and multiple sink nodes provide efficient communication in terms of performance parameters such as throughput,energy efficiency,and end-to-end delay,wherein low latency is considered a challenging issue in next-generation networks(NGN).This paper introduces a single and parallels stable server queuing model with amulti-class of packets and native and coded packet flowto illustrate the simple chain topology and complexmultiway relay(MWR)node with specific neighbor topology.Further,for improving data transmission capacity inMHWSNs,an analytical framework for packet transmission using network coding at the MWR node in the network layer with opportunistic listening is performed by considering bi-directional network flow at the MWR node.Finally,the accuracy of the proposed multi-server multi-class queuing model is evaluated with and without network coding at the network layer by transmitting data packets.The results of the proposed analytical framework are validated and proved effective by comparing these analytical results to simulation results.

Novel Sensing Hole Recovery with Expanded Relay Node Capability

The occurrence of‘sensing holes’not only hinders seamless data col-lection but also leads to misinterpretation of information in certain areas under extensive data analysis.In order to overcome this,various sensor relocation stra-tegies have been proposed,but the existing relocation strategies revealed pro-blems such as the ping-pong,shaded area,network disconnection,etc.This paper conducted research on relocation protocols in a distributed environment that is very suitable for real-world situations and efficiently recovering the problem of sensing holes.First,a simulation was performed on the distribution of the shaded area for data collection,which is a problem with the existing representative relo-cation protocol.After that,a data collection capability was newly added to the relay node,which had been in charge of only communication between cluster zones so far,and with this additional functionality,the performance of the revised sensor relocation algorithm was dramatically improved to overcome the existing problems.In addition,the performance and validity of the proposed algorithm were verified through various simulations.

Interference and Spectral Efficiency Analysis in Two-hop Cellular Network with Fixed Relays in FDD Mode

This paper presented a scheme of two-hop cellular network with fixed relay nodes (FRN). Based on this scheme, co-channel interference and signal interference ratio(SIR) received by base station(BS) and FRN were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the SIR can be improved significantly when relays are employed in the network. The higher spectral efficiency can be obtained due to the improved two-hop link quality through the use of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). The antenna height of FRN and the cell radius of BS and that of FRN influence SIR received by BS and FRN and the system spectral efficiency greatly. The proper antenna height of FRN and cell radius of BS and that of FRN were also given to get the highest spectral efficiency.

REUSE-PARTITIONING-BASED FREQUENCY PLANNING FOR TWO-HOP CELLULAR NETWORKS WITH NLOS BS-RELAY LINKS

The frequency planning for a cellular system enhanced with two-hop fixed relay nodes （FRNs） is investigated. It is assumed that there is no performance-enhancing technique on the base station （BS）-FRN links. Under the assumed condition, two frequency planning schemes are proposed by the principle of reuse partitioning （RP）. The frequency planning schemes are compared with the channel-borrowing-based frequency planning scheme and the conventional frequency planning scheme without relaying. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed schemes can improve the service quality for mobile terminals close to cell boundaries and provide better performance over the channel-borrowing-based frequency planning. Finally, to fully exploit the potentials of FRN enhanced cellular system, some performance enhancing techniques on BS-FRN links are indispensable.

Reuse Partitioning-Based Frequency Assignment in Fixed Two-Hop Relay Cellular Network

In relay cellular network, relay links will consume extra frequency resources, which makes radio resource allocation become more complex and important. A new frequency allocation scheme is proposed to increase cell capacity and improve signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of users located at cell edges. By dividing cell into different parts and configuring each of these parts with a unique reuse factor, this scheme improves spectral utilization efficiency and avoids inter-cell interference effectively. Optimal combinations of reuse factors and locations of relay nodes are also addressed and investigated. Computer simulation results show that, by employing the proposed scheme, maximum cell capacity gains of about 50%, 35% and 30% can be achieved in comparison with conventional cellular network scheme, traditional reuse partitioning scheme and reuse-adjacent-cell-frequencies scheme, respectively. Moreover, since in the proposed scheme resources are dynamically allocated among relay nodes, more benefits can be obtained in comparison with fixed resource allocation schemes under non-uniform traffic distribution.

Method to deploy wireless relays in industrial wireless monitoring

In light of demands for wireless monitoring and the characteristics of wireless channel,a complete deployment method containing channel survey,path loss estimation,and gradient grade of wireless relay nodes is proposed.It can be proved by experiments that under the premise of meeting the requirements of real-time and redundant-topology,the total number of relay nodes could be minimized by using the proposed method.

QoS Constrained Network Coding Technique to Data Transmission Using IoT

The research work presents,constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties.The charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino(FSD)technique.Further behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino(MDND)technique.Both FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single nodekeeper domino technique.The aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of power.The proposed research,works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol(IT-OMRP).The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and successfully.To achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission,proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast tree.Here node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy,residual bandwidth and throughput.After node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data transmission.In case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range,successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay forwarders.The NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work.

Efficient Algorithm for Prolonging Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the fundamental design challenges in designing a Wireless Sensor Network （WSN） is to maximize the network lifetime, as each sensor node of the network is equipped with a limited power battery. To overcome this challenge, different methods were developed in the last few years using such techniques as network protocols, data fusion algorithms using low power, energy efficient routing, and locating optimal sink position. This paper focuses on finding the optimal sink position. Relay nodes are introduced in conjunction with the sensor nodes to mitigate network geometric deficiencies since in most other approaches the sensor nodes close to the sink become heavily involved in data forwarding and, thus, their batteries are quickly depleted. A Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） based algorithm is used to locate the optimal sink position with respect to those relay nodes to make the network more energy efficient. The relay nodes communicate with the sink instead of the sensor nodes. Tests show that this approach can save at least 40% of the energy and prolong the network lifetime.