The research of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is one of the most active fields in reliable multicast protocol research. Many reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms have been put forward....The research of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is one of the most active fields in reliable multicast protocol research. Many reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms have been put forward. In this paper we present principal problems of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast, analyze solutions and difficulties of solving these problems, and then give a classification of some reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms. Lastly the future work is proposed.展开更多
In wireless ad hoe network environments, every link is wireless and every node is mobile. Those features make data lost easily as well as multicasting inefficient and unreliable. Moreover, Efficient and reliable multi...In wireless ad hoe network environments, every link is wireless and every node is mobile. Those features make data lost easily as well as multicasting inefficient and unreliable. Moreover, Efficient and reliable multicast in wireless ad hoe network is a difficult issue. It is a major challenge to transmission delays and packet losses due to link changes of a multicast tree at the provision of high delivery ratio for each packet transmission in wireless ad hoe network environment. In this paler, we propose and evaluate Reliable Adaptive Multicast Protocol （RAMP） based on a relay node concept. Relay nodes are placed along the multieast tree. Data recovery is done between relay nodes. RAMP supports a reliable multicasting suitable for mobile ad hoe network by reducing the number of packet retransmissions. We compare RAMP with SRM （Scalable Reliable Multicast）. Simulation results show that the RAMP has high delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay for packet transmsission.展开更多
Recently, network coding has been applied to the loss recovery of reliable broadcast transmission in wireless networks. Since it was proved that fi nding the optimal set of lost packets for XOR-ing is a complex NP-com...Recently, network coding has been applied to the loss recovery of reliable broadcast transmission in wireless networks. Since it was proved that fi nding the optimal set of lost packets for XOR-ing is a complex NP-complete problem, the available time-based retransmission scheme and its enhanced retransmission scheme have exponential computational complexity and thus are not scalable to large networks. In this paper, we present an efficient heuristic scheme based on hypergraph coloring and also its enhanced heuristic scheme to improve the transmission efficiency. Basically, our proposed schemes fi rst create a hypergraph according to the packet-loss matrix. Then our schemes solve the problem of generating XORed packets by coloring the edges of hypergraph. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that, the heuristic scheme based on hypergraph coloring and its enhanced scheme can achieve almost the same transmission efficiency as the available ones, but have much lower computational complexity, which is very important for the wireless devices without high computation capacity.展开更多
Recently, relay agents selection schemes were introduced to support downlink multicasting in WiMAX single frequency networks. Such schemes were devised to work cooperatively in order to facilitate reliable Multicast B...Recently, relay agents selection schemes were introduced to support downlink multicasting in WiMAX single frequency networks. Such schemes were devised to work cooperatively in order to facilitate reliable Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Services (MBMS) traffic delivery over wireless channels without any consideration to mobile relay agents’ battery energy levels. In this paper, we introduce a battery-aware balancing algorithm to operate in conjunction with these relay agents selection schemes proposed in the open literature. A simulation model, used to present the effect of “before” and “after” the battery–awareness selection criterion, highlighted the benefit of using such algorithms in prolonging network lifetime with emphasis on reliable delivery.展开更多
Providing reliable multicast service is very challenging in Ad Hoc networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient loss recovery scheme for reliable multicast (CoreRM). Our basic idea is to apply the notion of cooper...Providing reliable multicast service is very challenging in Ad Hoc networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient loss recovery scheme for reliable multicast (CoreRM). Our basic idea is to apply the notion of cooperative communications to support local loss recovery in multicast. A receiver node experiencing a packet loss tries to recover the lost packet through progressively cooperating with neighboring nodes, upstream nodes or even source node. In order to reduce recovery latency and retransmission overhead, CoreRM caches not only data packets but also the path which could be used for future possible use to expedite the loss recovery process. Both analytical and simulation results reveal that CoreRM significantly improves the reliable multicast performance in terms of delivery ratio, throughput and recovery latency compared with UDP and PGM.展开更多
Recent research shows using network sion efficiency in wireless networks greatly et for retransmission over composite fading coding for reliable multicast can improve the retransmis- In this paper, we study how to co...Recent research shows using network sion efficiency in wireless networks greatly et for retransmission over composite fading coding for reliable multicast can improve the retransmis- In this paper, we study how to code the composite pack- channels efficiently. For the composite fading environ- ment with muhiple receivers, receivers experience different fading at any time. It＇ s very important to code the composite packet so that intended receivers are in good channel qualities, because in- tended receivers in deep fading have little opportunity to receive the composite packet correctly. Hence, we propose a novel composite packet coding principle of maximizing the total SNR of intend- ed receivers. Since the proposed principle is an NP-complete problem, an efficient heuristic algo- rithm with low complexity is given for finding a suboptimal solution. Simulation results show the heu- ristic based scheme achieves higher transmission efficiency than other network coding-based schemes due to the multi-user diversity gain.展开更多
The mobile multicast technology has been a research hotspot in the wireless Internet field in recent years.Quite a large part of its applications requires the reliability in a mobile environment to be equivalent to th...The mobile multicast technology has been a research hotspot in the wireless Internet field in recent years.Quite a large part of its applications requires the reliability in a mobile environment to be equivalent to that provided by wireline links.However,the inherent features of a mobile environment,that is,high error rate of links and dynamically changing multicast members’ locations,are great difficulties for mobile multicast,let alone reliable mobile multicast.The IPv4-based reliable mobile multicast algorithms come with two different design philosophies.A part of the algorithms is to be improved for better reliability by solving existing algorithm-related problems;while other algorithms are to implement reliable mobile multicast with new function entities introduced to guarantee reliability.展开更多
Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcas...Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcast based on socket is provided, according to TCP/IP protocol in LINUX system. The acquiring and converting of broadcast destination address and multicast address, the setting of multicast options, the joining in and withdrawing from the multicast group, and the receiving and sending of datagram are all demonstrated in it, the related system calls and simple explication of C programming are also included.展开更多
There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great ...There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great challenge for deployment. In this paper, a novel high-definition (HD) video transmission system was proposed which depends upon reliable compound multicast protocols and QoS control over the various kinds of networks. This system detects client's network condition and assigns it to a proper proxy. Each proxy is capable of detecting network parameters and adaptively tuning such transport parameters as bit rate, video resolution, frame rate and QoS mechanisms to this condition. It also provides FEC error recovery under consideration of characteristics of MPEG4 video codec. Our simulation demonstrates that different network clients such as ADSL, CERNET, and CERNET2 can receive more video reliability with less delay.展开更多
Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve ...Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve the IP multicast model but employ join/leave messages to track local group membership for broadcast LANs (shared medium LANs) was proposed in this paper. We describe the implementation requirements of the new mechanism and compare it to existing one, demonstrating that join/leave approach is uniformly superior for the environment of broadcast LANs.展开更多
The cdma2000 1xEV-DO mobile communication system provides broadcast and multicast services(BCMCS) to meet an increasing demand for multimedia data services.Single frequency network(SFN) is recognized as an effective w...The cdma2000 1xEV-DO mobile communication system provides broadcast and multicast services(BCMCS) to meet an increasing demand for multimedia data services.Single frequency network(SFN) is recognized as an effective way to improve the spectral efficiency of the BCMCS system.To improve the coverage and the data rate of the BCMCS users,an interference cancellation algorithm based on macro diversity is introduced in this paper.The performance of BCMCS in CDMA2000 EV-DO networks under the condition of SFN is evaluated.The simulation results show a significant improvement in bit error ratio(BER) while quantitatively validating the efficiency of our approach.展开更多
As Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is part of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), and Vehicles in VANETs periodically broadcast the beacon message for status advertisement to provide public safety, the ...As Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is part of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), and Vehicles in VANETs periodically broadcast the beacon message for status advertisement to provide public safety, the impacts of the network parameters on the reliability of broadcast messages are investigated and discussed; meanwhile, a cross-layer safety-critical broadcast service architecture is proposed to obtain an optimized set of packet loss rate and delay based on the Neural Networks (NN) and Back Propagation (BP) algorithm to dynamically adjust the transmission rate-power pairs. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed mechanism can effectively improve the reliability performance while maintaining the fairness among vehicles.展开更多
The multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 3GPP LTE is characterized by multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) operation. The multicast services are transmitted by single frequency network...The multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 3GPP LTE is characterized by multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) operation. The multicast services are transmitted by single frequency network (SFN) mode, and the unicast services are delivered with point-to-point (PTP) mode. To minimize the demanded radio resources for multicast services in the LTE, a novel mode switch (MS) between SFN and PTP for multicast services is proposed. MS takes into account PTP mode for multicast services and the switch is based on the handover threshold. To solve the minimization problem, MS adapts the handover threshold with the difference in the demanded radio resources between SFN mode and PTP mode for multicast services. The simulation results show that the proposed MS achieves less demanded radio resources than SFN mode for all the multicast services.展开更多
The exponential growths of the World Wide Web (WWW) users have made the deployment of proxy servers popular on a network with limited resources. WWW clients perceive better response time, improved performance and spee...The exponential growths of the World Wide Web (WWW) users have made the deployment of proxy servers popular on a network with limited resources. WWW clients perceive better response time, improved performance and speed when response to requested pages are served from the cache of a proxy server, resulting in faster response times after the first document fetch. This work proposes cyclic multicast as a scalable technique for improving proxy server performance for next generation networks. The proposed system uses a cyclic multicast engine for the delivery of popular web pages from the proxy server cache to increasingly large users under limited server capacity and network resources. The cyclic multicast technique would be more efficient for the delivery of highly requested web pages from the cache to large number of receivers. We describe the operation of the cyclic multicast proxy server and characterized the gains in performance.展开更多
文摘The research of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is one of the most active fields in reliable multicast protocol research. Many reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms have been put forward. In this paper we present principal problems of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast, analyze solutions and difficulties of solving these problems, and then give a classification of some reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms. Lastly the future work is proposed.
文摘In wireless ad hoe network environments, every link is wireless and every node is mobile. Those features make data lost easily as well as multicasting inefficient and unreliable. Moreover, Efficient and reliable multicast in wireless ad hoe network is a difficult issue. It is a major challenge to transmission delays and packet losses due to link changes of a multicast tree at the provision of high delivery ratio for each packet transmission in wireless ad hoe network environment. In this paler, we propose and evaluate Reliable Adaptive Multicast Protocol （RAMP） based on a relay node concept. Relay nodes are placed along the multieast tree. Data recovery is done between relay nodes. RAMP supports a reliable multicasting suitable for mobile ad hoe network by reducing the number of packet retransmissions. We compare RAMP with SRM （Scalable Reliable Multicast）. Simulation results show that the RAMP has high delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay for packet transmsission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60502046, 60573034)863 Foundation of China (2007AA01Z215)
文摘Recently, network coding has been applied to the loss recovery of reliable broadcast transmission in wireless networks. Since it was proved that fi nding the optimal set of lost packets for XOR-ing is a complex NP-complete problem, the available time-based retransmission scheme and its enhanced retransmission scheme have exponential computational complexity and thus are not scalable to large networks. In this paper, we present an efficient heuristic scheme based on hypergraph coloring and also its enhanced heuristic scheme to improve the transmission efficiency. Basically, our proposed schemes fi rst create a hypergraph according to the packet-loss matrix. Then our schemes solve the problem of generating XORed packets by coloring the edges of hypergraph. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that, the heuristic scheme based on hypergraph coloring and its enhanced scheme can achieve almost the same transmission efficiency as the available ones, but have much lower computational complexity, which is very important for the wireless devices without high computation capacity.
文摘Recently, relay agents selection schemes were introduced to support downlink multicasting in WiMAX single frequency networks. Such schemes were devised to work cooperatively in order to facilitate reliable Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Services (MBMS) traffic delivery over wireless channels without any consideration to mobile relay agents’ battery energy levels. In this paper, we introduce a battery-aware balancing algorithm to operate in conjunction with these relay agents selection schemes proposed in the open literature. A simulation model, used to present the effect of “before” and “after” the battery–awareness selection criterion, highlighted the benefit of using such algorithms in prolonging network lifetime with emphasis on reliable delivery.
文摘Providing reliable multicast service is very challenging in Ad Hoc networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient loss recovery scheme for reliable multicast (CoreRM). Our basic idea is to apply the notion of cooperative communications to support local loss recovery in multicast. A receiver node experiencing a packet loss tries to recover the lost packet through progressively cooperating with neighboring nodes, upstream nodes or even source node. In order to reduce recovery latency and retransmission overhead, CoreRM caches not only data packets but also the path which could be used for future possible use to expedite the loss recovery process. Both analytical and simulation results reveal that CoreRM significantly improves the reliable multicast performance in terms of delivery ratio, throughput and recovery latency compared with UDP and PGM.
文摘Recent research shows using network sion efficiency in wireless networks greatly et for retransmission over composite fading coding for reliable multicast can improve the retransmis- In this paper, we study how to code the composite pack- channels efficiently. For the composite fading environ- ment with muhiple receivers, receivers experience different fading at any time. It＇ s very important to code the composite packet so that intended receivers are in good channel qualities, because in- tended receivers in deep fading have little opportunity to receive the composite packet correctly. Hence, we propose a novel composite packet coding principle of maximizing the total SNR of intend- ed receivers. Since the proposed principle is an NP-complete problem, an efficient heuristic algo- rithm with low complexity is given for finding a suboptimal solution. Simulation results show the heu- ristic based scheme achieves higher transmission efficiency than other network coding-based schemes due to the multi-user diversity gain.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863" Program) under Grant No.2007AA10Z235
文摘The mobile multicast technology has been a research hotspot in the wireless Internet field in recent years.Quite a large part of its applications requires the reliability in a mobile environment to be equivalent to that provided by wireline links.However,the inherent features of a mobile environment,that is,high error rate of links and dynamically changing multicast members’ locations,are great difficulties for mobile multicast,let alone reliable mobile multicast.The IPv4-based reliable mobile multicast algorithms come with two different design philosophies.A part of the algorithms is to be improved for better reliability by solving existing algorithm-related problems;while other algorithms are to implement reliable mobile multicast with new function entities introduced to guarantee reliability.
文摘Beginning with the simple introduction of socket which is the most commonly used application program interfaces in UNIX/LINUX communication domain, the concrete programming procedures to realize multicast and broadcast based on socket is provided, according to TCP/IP protocol in LINUX system. The acquiring and converting of broadcast destination address and multicast address, the setting of multicast options, the joining in and withdrawing from the multicast group, and the receiving and sending of datagram are all demonstrated in it, the related system calls and simple explication of C programming are also included.
文摘There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great challenge for deployment. In this paper, a novel high-definition (HD) video transmission system was proposed which depends upon reliable compound multicast protocols and QoS control over the various kinds of networks. This system detects client's network condition and assigns it to a proper proxy. Each proxy is capable of detecting network parameters and adaptively tuning such transport parameters as bit rate, video resolution, frame rate and QoS mechanisms to this condition. It also provides FEC error recovery under consideration of characteristics of MPEG4 video codec. Our simulation demonstrates that different network clients such as ADSL, CERNET, and CERNET2 can receive more video reliability with less delay.
文摘Problems of the current IGMP mechanism were identified, such as unnecessary periodic probing of hosts and leave latency, which wastes bandwidth and cause more traffic and overhead. Alternative mechanism that preserve the IP multicast model but employ join/leave messages to track local group membership for broadcast LANs (shared medium LANs) was proposed in this paper. We describe the implementation requirements of the new mechanism and compare it to existing one, demonstrating that join/leave approach is uniformly superior for the environment of broadcast LANs.
文摘The cdma2000 1xEV-DO mobile communication system provides broadcast and multicast services(BCMCS) to meet an increasing demand for multimedia data services.Single frequency network(SFN) is recognized as an effective way to improve the spectral efficiency of the BCMCS system.To improve the coverage and the data rate of the BCMCS users,an interference cancellation algorithm based on macro diversity is introduced in this paper.The performance of BCMCS in CDMA2000 EV-DO networks under the condition of SFN is evaluated.The simulation results show a significant improvement in bit error ratio(BER) while quantitatively validating the efficiency of our approach.
基金supported by the 111 Project under Grant No.B08004the major project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China under Grant No.2010ZX03002-006China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘As Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is part of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), and Vehicles in VANETs periodically broadcast the beacon message for status advertisement to provide public safety, the impacts of the network parameters on the reliability of broadcast messages are investigated and discussed; meanwhile, a cross-layer safety-critical broadcast service architecture is proposed to obtain an optimized set of packet loss rate and delay based on the Neural Networks (NN) and Back Propagation (BP) algorithm to dynamically adjust the transmission rate-power pairs. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed mechanism can effectively improve the reliability performance while maintaining the fairness among vehicles.
基金Sponsored by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China ( Grant No. 2010ZX03003-001-01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 3GPP LTE is characterized by multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) operation. The multicast services are transmitted by single frequency network (SFN) mode, and the unicast services are delivered with point-to-point (PTP) mode. To minimize the demanded radio resources for multicast services in the LTE, a novel mode switch (MS) between SFN and PTP for multicast services is proposed. MS takes into account PTP mode for multicast services and the switch is based on the handover threshold. To solve the minimization problem, MS adapts the handover threshold with the difference in the demanded radio resources between SFN mode and PTP mode for multicast services. The simulation results show that the proposed MS achieves less demanded radio resources than SFN mode for all the multicast services.
文摘The exponential growths of the World Wide Web (WWW) users have made the deployment of proxy servers popular on a network with limited resources. WWW clients perceive better response time, improved performance and speed when response to requested pages are served from the cache of a proxy server, resulting in faster response times after the first document fetch. This work proposes cyclic multicast as a scalable technique for improving proxy server performance for next generation networks. The proposed system uses a cyclic multicast engine for the delivery of popular web pages from the proxy server cache to increasingly large users under limited server capacity and network resources. The cyclic multicast technique would be more efficient for the delivery of highly requested web pages from the cache to large number of receivers. We describe the operation of the cyclic multicast proxy server and characterized the gains in performance.
