The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with t...The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.展开更多
As a main constituent of geological body, the rock masses have distinct differences from other materials, one of which is that rock masses are initially stressed in their natural states. Hence, it is an extremely chal...As a main constituent of geological body, the rock masses have distinct differences from other materials, one of which is that rock masses are initially stressed in their natural states. Hence, it is an extremely challenging and significant research project to know the present residual stress of the rock masses in the earth's crust. Although some regularities of distribution of in-situ rock stresses can be deduced, the basic means to study the state of rock stress is in-situ stress measurement. After a brief review of several measuring methods of in-situ 3D rock stress, a new one, borehole wall stress relief method (BWSRM) to determine the in-situ 3D rock stress tensor in a single drilled borehole was proposed. Based on the principle of in-situ rock stress measurement with BWSRM, an original geostress measuring instrument was designed and manufactured. Preliminary experiments for determination of in-situ stress orientation and magnitude were carried out at an experimental tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station in China, where the buried depth of overburden was about 2430 m. The results showed that it was feasible to measure the in-situ 3D rock stresses with BWSRM presented in this paper. The BWSRM has a broad prospect for in-situ 3D rock stress measurements in practical rock engineering.展开更多
The effect of vibratory stress relief (VSR) is usually evaluated with the indirect method of observing the change of amplitude frequency response characteristics of structures. A new kind of evaluating method of VSR...The effect of vibratory stress relief (VSR) is usually evaluated with the indirect method of observing the change of amplitude frequency response characteristics of structures. A new kind of evaluating method of VSR based on the ultrasonic time-of-arrival method (UTM), which can obtain the residual stress directly through measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic wave in the material, is presented. At first, the principle of the measuring method of residual stress based on UTM is analyzed. Then the measuring system of the method is described, which is in virtue of ultrasonic flaw detector and high-sampling-rate digital oscillograph. And a set of calibration system that contains a piece of standard specimen is also introduced. Experimental results prove the relation between the residual stress and the propagation time of ultrasonic in workpieces. Finally, the measuring and calibration systems are applied in evaluating the effect of VSR. The final test results show that the method is effective.展开更多
滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距...滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。展开更多
目的探讨转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法在初产妇自然分娩中的应用效果,为制定初产妇自然分娩护理干预方案提供参考。方法选取2021年4月—2023年3月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的拟行阴道分娩的196例产妇,采用简...目的探讨转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法在初产妇自然分娩中的应用效果,为制定初产妇自然分娩护理干预方案提供参考。方法选取2021年4月—2023年3月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的拟行阴道分娩的196例产妇,采用简单随机化法分为对照组与观察组,每组98例。对照组产妇采取常规助产护理模式干预,观察组产妇采取转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预。比较2组产妇最终分娩方式、各产程分娩疼痛程度、各产程时间、产后出血量与分娩控制感水平;比较2组新生儿动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分等指标。结果观察组产妇经阴道分娩率为88.78%(87/98),高于对照组的76.53%(75/98),且观察组产妇中转剖宫产率为11.22%(11/98),低于对照组的23.47%(23/98),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.124,P=0.024)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇产后出血量小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇分娩控制量表(LAS)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿PaCO_(2)水平均低于对照组,PaO_(2)水平、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预在初产妇自然分娩中应用价值较高,能有效降低产妇中转剖宫产率,增强产妇分娩控制感,减轻产妇分娩疼痛,降低新生儿窒息风险。展开更多
基金Projects(2013BAB02B01,2013BAB02B03)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of ChinaProject(N120801002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(N20130042110010)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China
文摘The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50579037, 50639080, 50979054)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Grant No. SKLZ0901)
文摘As a main constituent of geological body, the rock masses have distinct differences from other materials, one of which is that rock masses are initially stressed in their natural states. Hence, it is an extremely challenging and significant research project to know the present residual stress of the rock masses in the earth's crust. Although some regularities of distribution of in-situ rock stresses can be deduced, the basic means to study the state of rock stress is in-situ stress measurement. After a brief review of several measuring methods of in-situ 3D rock stress, a new one, borehole wall stress relief method (BWSRM) to determine the in-situ 3D rock stress tensor in a single drilled borehole was proposed. Based on the principle of in-situ rock stress measurement with BWSRM, an original geostress measuring instrument was designed and manufactured. Preliminary experiments for determination of in-situ stress orientation and magnitude were carried out at an experimental tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station in China, where the buried depth of overburden was about 2430 m. The results showed that it was feasible to measure the in-situ 3D rock stresses with BWSRM presented in this paper. The BWSRM has a broad prospect for in-situ 3D rock stress measurements in practical rock engineering.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50305036).
文摘The effect of vibratory stress relief (VSR) is usually evaluated with the indirect method of observing the change of amplitude frequency response characteristics of structures. A new kind of evaluating method of VSR based on the ultrasonic time-of-arrival method (UTM), which can obtain the residual stress directly through measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic wave in the material, is presented. At first, the principle of the measuring method of residual stress based on UTM is analyzed. Then the measuring system of the method is described, which is in virtue of ultrasonic flaw detector and high-sampling-rate digital oscillograph. And a set of calibration system that contains a piece of standard specimen is also introduced. Experimental results prove the relation between the residual stress and the propagation time of ultrasonic in workpieces. Finally, the measuring and calibration systems are applied in evaluating the effect of VSR. The final test results show that the method is effective.
文摘滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。
文摘目的探讨转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法在初产妇自然分娩中的应用效果,为制定初产妇自然分娩护理干预方案提供参考。方法选取2021年4月—2023年3月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的拟行阴道分娩的196例产妇,采用简单随机化法分为对照组与观察组,每组98例。对照组产妇采取常规助产护理模式干预,观察组产妇采取转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预。比较2组产妇最终分娩方式、各产程分娩疼痛程度、各产程时间、产后出血量与分娩控制感水平;比较2组新生儿动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分等指标。结果观察组产妇经阴道分娩率为88.78%(87/98),高于对照组的76.53%(75/98),且观察组产妇中转剖宫产率为11.22%(11/98),低于对照组的23.47%(23/98),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.124,P=0.024)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇产后出血量小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇分娩控制量表(LAS)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿PaCO_(2)水平均低于对照组,PaO_(2)水平、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预在初产妇自然分娩中应用价值较高,能有效降低产妇中转剖宫产率,增强产妇分娩控制感,减轻产妇分娩疼痛,降低新生儿窒息风险。