Invited review:Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi.Aflatoxin B1(AFB1),deoxynivalenol(DON),zearalenone(ZEN)and fumonisin B1(FB1)are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs.These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity,consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of animals.Therefore,physical,chemical,biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed industry.Meanwhile,each of these techniques has its drawbacks,including inefficient,costly,or impractically applied on large scale.This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies,as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1,DON,ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.

The power of green:Harnessing phytoremediation to combat micro/nanoplastics

Plastic pollution and its potential risks have been raising public concerns as a global environmental issue.Global plastic waste may double by 2030,posing a significant challenge to the remediation of environmental plastics.In addition to finding alternative products and managing plastic emission sources,effective removal technologies are crucial to mitigate the negative impact of plastic pollution.However,current remediation strategies,including physical,chemical,and biological measures,are unable to compete with the surging amounts of plastics entering the environment.This perspective lays out recent advances to propel both research and action.In this process,phytoaccumulation,phytostabilization,and phytofiltration can be applied to reduce the concentration of nanoplastics and submicron plastics in terrestrial,aquatic,and atmospheric environments,as well as to prevent the transport of microplastics from sources to sinks.Meanwhile,advocating for a more promising future still requires significant efforts in screening hyperaccumulators,coupling multiple measures,and recycling stabilized plastics from plants.Phytoremediation can be an excellent strategy to alleviate global micro/nanoplastic pollution because of the cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability of green technologies.

Hg-mining-induced soil pollution by potentially toxic metal(loid)s presents a potential environmental risk and threat to human health:A global meta-analysis

Agricultural activities may promote the conversion of inorganic Hg to MeHg in soil.Hg and As present an extremely and a moderately contaminated level,respectively.The human health risks posed by As,Hg,and Ni merit more attention.Pokeweed may be considered as a potential Hg hyperaccumulator.Soil pollution caused by potentially toxic metal(loid)s(PTMs)near mercury(Hg)mines has attracted extensive attention,yet the status and potential health risks of PTM contamination in soils near Hg mining sites have rarely been investigated on a large scale.Global data on methylmercury(MeHg),Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,and Ni concentrations in soils from Hg mining areas were obtained from published research articles(1999–2023).Based on the database,pollution levels,spatial distributions,and potential health risks were investigated.Results indicated that the average percentage of MeHg to total Hg in agricultural soils(0.19%)was significantly higher than that in non-agricultural soils(0.013%).Indeed,72.4%of these study sites were extremely contaminated with Hg.Approximately 45%of the examined sites displayed a moderate level of As contamination or even more.Meanwhile,the examined sites in Spain and Turkey exhibited considerably higher pollution levels of Hg and As than other regions.The mean hazard indices of the nine PTMs were 2.91 and 0.59 for children and adults,with 85.6%and 13.3%of non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults that exceeded the safe level of 1,respectively.In addition,70.2%and 56.7%of the total cancer risks through exposure to five carcinogenic PTMs in children and adults,respectively,exceeded the safety level.As and Hg showed a high exceedance of non-carcinogenic risks,while As and Ni were the leading contributors to carcinogenic risks.This study demonstrates the urgent necessity for controlling PTM pollution and reducing the health risks in soils near Hg mining sites and provides an important basis for soil remediation.