Energy-Efficient Implementation of BCD to Excess-3 Code Converter for Nano-Communication Using QCA Technology

Code converters are essential in digital nano communication;therefore,a low-complexity optimal QCA layout for a BCD to Excess-3 code converter has been proposed in this paper.A QCA clockphase-based design technique was adopted to investigate integration with other complicated circuits.Using a unique XOR gate,the recommended circuit’s cell complexity has been decreased.The findings produced using the QCADesigner-2.0.3,a reliable simulation tool,prove the effectiveness of the current structure over earlier designs by considering the number of cells deployed,the area occupied,and the latency as design metrics.In addition,the popular tool QCAPro was used to estimate the energy dissipation of the proposed design.The proposed technique reduces the occupied space by∼40%,improves cell complexity by∼20%,and reduces energy dissipation by∼1.8 times(atγ=1.5EK)compared to the current scalable designs.This paper also studied the suggested structure’s energy dissipation and compared it to existing works for a better performance evaluation.

Analysis of handoff in distributed mobile communications system based on remote antenna unit selection

A remote antenna unit （RAU） selection model is presented, and two kinds of handoffs, intra-cell handoff （HO） and inter-cell HO, are defined in distributed mobile communications systems （DAS）. After that, an inter-cell HO model is proposed, in which the average power of the active set （AS） is used to predict the position of the mobile station （MS）. The total power of the AS and the handoff set （HOS） are utilized to determine whether an inter-cell HO is necessary. Furthermore, the relationship between HO parameters and performance metrics is studied in detail based on RAU selection. Simulation results show that both the intra-cell HO and the inter-cell HO can achieve oerfect performance by aoprooriate settings of HO parameters.

Correg-Yolov3:a Method for Dense Buildings Detection in High-resolution Remote Sensing Images

The exploration of building detection plays an important role in urban planning,smart city and military.Aiming at the problem of high overlapping ratio of detection frames for dense building detection in high resolution remote sensing images,we present an effective YOLOv3 framework,corner regression-based YOLOv3(Correg-YOLOv3),to localize dense building accurately.This improved YOLOv3 algorithm establishes a vertex regression mechanism and an additional loss item about building vertex offsets relative to the center point of bounding box.By extending output dimensions,the trained model is able to output the rectangular bounding boxes and the building vertices meanwhile.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the Correg-YOLOv3 on our self-produced data set and provide a comparative analysis qualitatively and quantitatively.The experimental results achieve high performance in precision(96.45%),recall rate(95.75%),F1 score(96.10%)and average precision(98.05%),which were 2.73%,5.4%,4.1%and 4.73%higher than that of YOLOv3.Therefore,our proposed algorithm effectively tackles the problem of dense building detection in high resolution images.

Remote sensing image encryption algorithm based on novel hyperchaos and an elliptic curve cryptosystem

Remote sensing images carry crucial ground information,often involving the spatial distribution and spatiotemporal changes of surface elements.To safeguard this sensitive data,image encryption technology is essential.In this paper,a novel Fibonacci sine exponential map is designed,the hyperchaotic performance of which is particularly suitable for image encryption algorithms.An encryption algorithm tailored for handling the multi-band attributes of remote sensing images is proposed.The algorithm combines a three-dimensional synchronized scrambled diffusion operation with chaos to efficiently encrypt multiple images.Moreover,the keys are processed using an elliptic curve cryptosystem,eliminating the need for an additional channel to transmit the keys,thus enhancing security.Experimental results and algorithm analysis demonstrate that the algorithm offers strong security and high efficiency,making it suitable for remote sensing image encryption tasks.

The potential mechanism and clinical application value of remote ischemic conditioning in stroke

Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.

The Impact of Satellite Communications on Environmental Hazard Control: Tool for the Realization of African Union Agenda 2063 Aspirations

Africa is a developing economy and as such, emphasis has been placed on the achievement of revolutionary goals that will place her on a similar rank as the developed economies. Pertaining to this objective, Heads of States and government all over Africa instigated the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, which is a framework put in place to achieve a continental transformation over the next 40 years. The use of satellites has been proven to be a major influence on economic growth since it facilitates the exchange of information. Environmental hazards such as climate changes, pollution, and inefficient waste management can be classified as one of the drawbacks to achieving this economic growth we hope to accomplish. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine satellite communication as a tool for the attainment of an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa by means of combatting environmental hazards in the continent.

Classical Communication Cost and Remote Preparation of Multi-qubit with Three-Party

We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain the successful totM probability of the scheme in the general case and special case, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost required in the RSP process with three-party in the general case and special case, respectively.

Probabilistic remote preparation of a high-dimensional equatorial multiqubit with four-party and classical communication cost

This paper presents a protocol for probabilistic remote preparation of a high-dimensional equatorial multiqubit with four-party, consisting of a sender and three receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled high-dimensional four-particle state. We calculate the successful total probability and the total classical communication cost required for this scheme. It is shown that both the entangled resources and classical communication cost are greatly reduced.

Remote Access Communications Security: Analysis of User Authentication Roles in Organizations

Remote access is a means of accessing resources outside one’s immediate physical location. This has made employee mobility more effective and productive for most organizations. Remote access can be achieved via various channels of remote communication, the most common being Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). The demand for remote access is on the rise, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, and will continue to increase as most organizations are re-structuring to make telecommuting a permanent part of their mode of operation. Employee mobility, while presenting organizations with some advantages, comes with the associated risk of exposing corporate cyber assets to attackers. The remote user and the remote connectivity technology present some vulnerabilities which can be exploited by any threat agent to violate the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) dimensions of these cyber assets. So, how are users and remote devices authenticated? To what extent is the established connection secured? With employee mobility on the rise, it is necessary to analyze the user authentication role since the mobile employee is not under the monitoring radar of the organization, and the environment from which the mobile employee connects may be vulnerable. In this study, an experiment was setup to ascertain the user authentication roles. The experiment showed the process of 2FA in user authentication and it proved to be an effective means of improving user authentication during remote access. This was depicted via the use of what the user has (mobile phone/soft-token) as a second factor in addition to what the user knows, i.e. password. This authentication method overcomes the security weaknesses inherent in single-factor user authentication via the use of password only. However, the results also showed that though 2FA user authentication ensures security, the remote devices could exhibit further vulnerabilities and pose serious risks to the organization. Thus, a varied implementation was recommended to further enhance the security of remote access communication with regards to the remote user authentication.

Investigation on the communication network of long wire transmitting in remote welding

According to the characteristics of remote welding, including multiple parameters, real-time, and reliability of long wire transmitting, a distributing computer control scheme is adopted. A serial communication network between the master and the slavery computers is constructed. A synchro-control network among slavery computers is designed. Uniform message format and communication protocols are made. Considering intensive high-frequency noises at the welding zone, a quadruple check mode, including data sum check, parameter type check, welding parameters check and Exclusive OR （ XOR ） check, is adopted to assure the reliability of communication among multiple computers. Based on disturbing circuit, common circuit and sensitive circuit, the measures are brought forward to ensure the stabilization of communication network of remote arc welding by analyzing the wiring principle of anti-high-frequency interference of system bus, signal wires and shielding twisted-pair（STP） wires. The results provide the theoretical and practical references for the manufacture of remote welding robot and the quality of remote welding.

Classical Communication Cost and Probabilistic Remote Preparation of Four-Particle Entangled W State

We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of the four-particle entangled W state by using four partial entangled two-particle states as the quantum channel. In this scheme, if Alice （sender） performs four-particle projective measurements and Bob （receiver） adopts some appropriate unitary operation, the remote state preparation can be successfully realized with certain probability. The classical communication cost is also calculated. However, the success probability of preparation can be increased to 1 for four kinds of special states.

Data Logging and Control of a Remote Inverter Using LoRa and Power Line Communication

For decades, the power system was highly centralized. With the growing integration of distributed generations into the system, there is a necessity for bi-directional communication methods to monitor and control the remote assets. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a communication link for monitoring and controlling a grid-connected inverter in a remote location. Furthermore, the paper presents developments that have been incorporated to improve the communication link. The literature survey indicates that LoRa is superior compared to other technologies, but has some security and reliability issues. This paper also presents an encryption algorithm to improve the security of the LoRa link. Local data storage added to the system before transmitting data increases the system reliability. A display at the transmission end is added to improve the user-friendliness of the communication link. A Powerline Communication link is parallelly added to the LoRa link to improve the reliability. Finally, tests are conducted with an actual inverter and the results are presented. The tests show that the developed communication link has improved security and reliability, while its open nature makes it highly scalable and adaptable for employment in other smart grid applications.

国产SW26010-Pro处理器上3级BLAS函数众核并行优化

BLAS(basic linear algebra subprograms)是最基本、最重要的底层数学库之一.在一个标准的BLAS库中,BLAS 3级函数涵盖的矩阵-矩阵运算尤为重要,在许多大规模科学与工程计算应用中被广泛调用.另外,BLAS 3级属于计算密集型函数,对充分发挥处理器的计算性能有至关重要的作用.针对国产SW26010-Pro处理器研究BLAS 3级函数的众核并行优化技术.具体而言,根据SW26010-Pro的存储层次结构,设计多级分块算法,挖掘矩阵运算的并行性.在此基础上,基于远程内存访问(remote memory access,RMA)机制设计数据共享策略,提高从核间的数据传输效率.进一步地,采用三缓冲、参数调优等方法对算法进行全面优化,隐藏直接内存访问(direct memory access,DMA)访存开销和RMA通信开销.此外,利用SW26010-Pro的两条硬件流水线和若干向量化计算/访存指令,还对BLAS 3级函数的矩阵-矩阵乘法、矩阵方程组求解、矩阵转置操作等若干运算进行手工汇编优化,提高了函数的浮点计算效率.实验结果显示,所提出的并行优化技术在SW26010-Pro处理器上为BLAS 3级函数带来了明显的性能提升,单核组BLAS 3级函数的浮点计算性能最高可达峰值性能的92%,多核组BLAS 3级函数的浮点计算性能最高可达峰值性能的88%.

黄河金三角地区城市O_(3)污染的时空格局演变特征

黄河金三角地区空气质量的改善是践行黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的体现,科学认识O_(3)浓度时空演变和污染特征对于该地区大气污染联防联控具有重要意义.本研究融合地面观测和卫星遥感反演O_(3)浓度数据,采用统计分析、趋势分析及热点分析的方法揭示黄河金三角地区O_(3)浓度的年、季节和月尺度以及空间变化特征,探究O_(3)污染等级的变化特征.结果表明:①黄河金三角地区2015−2022年4个地级市大气中O_(3)浓度呈升高趋势,O_(3)年均浓度表现为运城市(105μg/m^(3))>临汾市(103μg/m^(3))>三门峡市(97μg/m^(3))>渭南市(95μg/m^(3)).②O_(3)季均浓度总体表现为夏季(146μg/m^(3))>春季(113μg/m^(3))>秋季(83μg/m^(3))>冬季(59μg/m^(3)).③1−12月O_(3)浓度呈现抛物线的变化特征(5−9月偏高).④空间分布上,O_(3)浓度最大值和平均值的高值区域主要分布在黄河金三角地区东北到西南方向,低值区域分布在西北和东南方向,O_(3)浓度最小值的空间分布特征与此相反.⑤黄河金三角地区1−12月O_(3)浓度在北部、中部和南部均呈现高值和低值交替出现的空间聚集特征.NPP/VIIRS-O_(3)聚集区主要分布在该地区北部的5个区县,GDP-O_(3)聚集区零散分布在该地区的7个区县.⑥2015−2022年黄河金三角地区4个地市O_(3)不同污染等级的天数表现为优良(199 d)>轻度污染(123 d)>中度污染(46 d)>重度污染(7 d)>严重污染(0 d),优良和轻度污染的天数较多且优良的天数占到50%以上,轻度污染和中度污染出现的天数表现为夏季(77 d)>春季(58 d)>秋季(27 d)>冬季(6 d),优良的季节性变化特征则正好相反.研究成果对于揭示黄河金三角地区O_(3)时空演变规律及污染特征,制定科学合理的防治措施具有现实意义.

Transforming growth factor-β1-induced N-cadherin drives cell–cell communication through connexin43 in osteoblast lineage

Gap junction(GJ)has been indicated to have an intimate correlation with adhesion junction.However,the direct interaction between them partially remains elusive.In the current study,we aimed to elucidate the role of N-cadherin,one of the core components in adhesion junction,in mediating connexin 43,one of the functional constituents in gap junction,via transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)induction in osteoblasts.We first elucidated the expressions of N-cadherin induced by TGF-β1 and also confirmed the upregulation of Cx43,and the enhancement of functional gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC)triggered by TGF-β1 in both primary osteoblasts and MC3T3 cell line.Colocalization analysis and Co-IP experimentation showed that N-cadherin interacts with Cx43 at the site of cell–cell contact.Knockdown of N-cadherin by siRNA interference decreased the Cx43 expression and abolished the promoting effect of TGF-β1 on Cx43.Functional GJICs in living primary osteoblasts and MC3T3 cell line were also reduced.TGF-β1-induced increase in N-cadherin and Cx43 was via Smad3 activation,whereas knockdown of Smad3 signaling by using siRNA decreased the expressions of both N-cadherin and Cx43.Overall,these data indicate the direct interactions between N-cadherin and Cx43,and reveal the intervention of adhesion junction in functional gap junction in living osteoblasts.

The first quantitative remote sensing of ocean internal waves by Chinese GF-3 SAR satellite

Quantitative analysis and retrieval is given by the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics（SOED）,Second Institute of Oceanography（SIO）,State Oceanic Administration（SOA）,China,from the first batch of GF-3 synthetic aperture radar（SAR）data with ocean internal wave features in the Yellow Sea.

Mobile Edge Communications, Computing, and Caching(MEC3) Technology in the Maritime Communication Network

With the increasing maritime activities and the rapidly developing maritime economy, the fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication system is expected to be deployed at the ocean. New technologies need to be explored to meet the requirements of ultra-reliable and low latency communications(URLLC) in the maritime communication network(MCN). Mobile edge computing(MEC) can achieve high energy efficiency in MCN at the cost of suffering from high control plane latency and low reliability. In terms of this issue, the mobile edge communications, computing, and caching(MEC3) technology is proposed to sink mobile computing, network control, and storage to the edge of the network. New methods that enable resource-efficient configurations and reduce redundant data transmissions can enable the reliable implementation of computing-intension and latency-sensitive applications. The key technologies of MEC3 to enable URLLC are analyzed and optimized in MCN. The best response-based offloading algorithm(BROA) is adopted to optimize task offloading. The simulation results show that the task latency can be decreased by 26.5’ ms, and the energy consumption in terminal users can be reduced to 66.6%.

850/940-nm VCSEL for optical communication and 3D sensing

This paper is going to review the state-of-the-art of the high-speed 850/940-nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser（VCSEL）, discussing the structural design, mode control and the related data transmission performance. InGaAs/AlGaAsmultiple quantum well （MQW） was used to increase the differential gain and photon density in VCSEL. The multiple oxidelayers and oxide-confined aperture were well designed in VCSEL to decrease the parasitic capacitance and generate single mode （SM） VCSEL. The maximal modulation bandwidth of 30 GHz was achieved with well-designed VCSEL structure. At the end of the paper, other applications of the near-infrared VCSELs are discussed.

Calibrating Remotely Sensed Ocean Chlorophyll Data: An Application of the Blending Technique in Three Dimensions (3D)

In this article, the extension to three dimensions (3D) of the blending technique that has been widely used in two dimensions (2D) to calibrate ocean chlorophyll is presented. The results thus obtained revealed a very high degree of efficiency when predicting observed values of ocean chlorophyll. The mean squared difference between the predicted and observed values of ocean chlorophyll when 3D technique was used fell far below the tolerance level which was set to the difference between satellite and observed in-situ values. The resulting blended field did not only provide better predictions of the in situ observations in areas where bottle samples cannot be obtained but also provided a smooth variation of the distribution of ocean chlorophyll throughout the year. An added advantage is its computational efficiency since data that would have been treated at least four times would be treated only once. With the advent of these results, it is believed that the modelling of the ocean life cycle will become more realistic.

Research on Remote Fault Detection System of Ceramic Kiln Based on 5G and IoT Technologies

In order to overcome the defects of the existing technology that the detection of ceramic electric kiln faults takes a long time and costs a lot,an electric kiln control and fault detection device was designed.The working process of the device includes detection module,control module,start⁃stop module and switch module.The detection module detects the resistance circuit and sends a fault signal to the control module.The control module generates stop signal and fault information according to the fault signal,and starts the electric kiln when the fault signal is not received within the preset time.The start⁃stop module can monitor the internal temperature of the electric kiln and control the closing status of the switch module.The switch module is used to control the connection status of AC power and each resistance circuit in the kiln.Based on the 5G DTU or 5G module,the control module could send the information to mobile terminal under the ultra⁃reliable and low⁃latency communication(uRLLC)technical characteristics of 5G communication.