The research on the remote sensing＇s information tree model of the Nansha coral islets and reef＇s spatial structure

Based on the Nansha coral islets and reef's time-space attributes,and the intension and extension of the remote sensing information, the concept model and concept system of coral islets and reef are proposed.Then twin-tree remote sensing information model for different kinds of reef is constructed by using abstracted islets and reef's primitive, and the structure recognition system for coral islets and reef type is developed.

River Water Quality Model Based on Remote Sensing Information Methods——A Case Study of Lijing River in Guilin City

River water quality models based on remote sensing information models are superior to pure water quality models because they combine the inevitability and risk of geographical phenomena and can take complex geographical characteristics into account. A water quality model for forecasting COD has been established with remote sensing in- formation modeling methods by monitoring and analyzing water quantity and water quality of the Lijing River reach which flows through a complicated Karst mountain area. This model provides a good tool to predict water quality of complex rivers. It is validated by simulating contaminant concentrations of the study area. The results show that remote sensing information models are suitable for complex geography. It is not only a combined model of inevitability and risk of the geographical phenomena, but also a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical formula, providing a good tool to study organic contaminants in complicated rivers. The coefficients and indices obtained have limited value and the model is not suitable for all situations. Some improvements are required.

Remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques in studies on treeline ecotone dynamics

We performed a meta-analysis on over 100 studies applying remote sensing(RS)and geographic information systems(GIS)to understand treeline dynamics.A literature search was performed in multiple online databases,including Web of Knowledge(Thomson Reuters),Scopus(Elsevier),BASE(Bielefeld Academic Search Engine),CAB Direct,and Google Scholar using treeline-related queries.We found that RS and GIS use has steadily increased in treeline studies since 2000.Spatialresolution RS and satellite imaging techniques varied from low-resolution MODIS,moderate-resolution Landsat,to high-resolution WorldView and aerial orthophotos.Most papers published in the 1990s used low to moderate resolution sensors such as Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper,or SPOT PAN(Panchromatic)and MX(Multispectral)RS images.Subsequently,we observed a rise in high-resolution satellite sensors such as ALOS,GeoEye,IKONOS,and WorldView for mapping current and potential treelines.Furthermore,we noticed a shift in emphasis of treeline studies over time:earlier reports focused on mapping treeline positions,whereas RS and GIS are now used to determine the factors that control treeline variation.

STUDY ON FOREST FIRE DANGER MODEL WITH REMOTE SENSING BASED ON GIS

Forest fire is one of the main natural hazards because of its fierce destructiveness. Various researches on fire real time monitoring, behavior simulation and loss assessment have been carried out in many countries. As fire prevention is probably the most efficient means for protecting forests, suitable methods should be developed for estimating the fire danger. Fire danger is composed of ecological, human and climatic factors. Therefore, the systematic analysis of the factors including forest characteristics, meteorological status, topographic condition causing forest fire is made in this paper at first. The relationships between biophysical factors and fire danger are paid more attention to. Then the parameters derived from remote sensing data are used to estimate the fire danger variables, According to the analysis, not only PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index) can classify different vegetation but also crown density is captured with PVI. Vegetation moisture content has high correlation with the ratio of actual evapotranspiration (LE) to potential ecapotranspiration (LEp). SI (Structural Index), which is the combination of TM band 4 and 5 data, is a good indicator of forest age. Finally, a fire danger prediction model, in which relative importance of each fire factor is taken into account, is built based on GIS.

Integrated Evaluation Model for Eco-Environmental Quality in Mountainous Region Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.

RemotesensingstudiesintheHaikouBayCalculationofthedepositionparameters

By making use of the distinguishing features of repetitive imagery of the same area by satellite remote sens-ing, a method of extracting water areas at different tidal levels from the images of bays at different times was adopted toestablish a calculating model for tidal surface and a method of finding a sum by layers was used to establish a calculatingmodel for the deposition parameter. Moreover, by making use of the calculating models for the deposition parameter andfor tidal level, the deposition parameter for the sea area less than 0 m was calculated for the Haikou Bay at two differentperiods of time: during the period of 1965 ￣ 1984 the total amount of deposits was 4 . 8 x 106 m3, and the sedimentationrate was 2 . 5 x 105 m3/a; during the period from 1984 to 1990, the total amount of deposits was - 8 . 9 x 105 m3 and thesedimentation rate was -1 . 5 x 105 m3/a.

The Role of Remote Sensing and GIS for Locating Suitable Mangrove Plantation Sites along the Southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast

This paper investigated a methodology for locating suitable sites for establishing mangrove plantations along the south Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast based on Geological characteristics, geomorphology and discharge of drainage effluents as primary sitting criteria. Remote sensing Satellite imagery and digital elevation models were interpreted to determine most of the parameters, the rest were measured in field. In the study, it was found that some healthy mangrove stands now exist along the Red Sea coast near the city of Jizan although many stands have been destroyed in recent years due to rapid development, infilling and over-grazing and use of the mangroves as fuel. Remote sensing satellite imagery was used to map exiting Mangrove stands of different densities along the study area. The study determined that mangrove stands are primarily concentrated in the southern part of the study area and that they are sparsely found northward. Interpretation of A Landsat Thematic Mapper panchromatic band image and DEM showing that red sea coast along the study area are mainly covered by fans of ten drainage basins where the Flood potentiality of these basins was determined. The study was able to determine that three areas, which have a moderate to low flash flood potential, have the necessary environmental elements necessary to support mangroves. One, in particular, would be the best site to establish a mangrove plantation project.

Hyperspectral Inversion Model of Available Potassium Content in Red Soil of Eucalyptus Plantation in Northern Guangxi

Soil information is the basis of soil management and precise variable fertilization. The traditional method of obtaining soil information through chemical detection of laboratory has high cost and poor timeliness, which is difficult to meet the needs of digital forestry, soil monitoring and real-time management of nutrients. Taking red soil of Eucalyptus plantation in northern Guangxi as the research object, the spectral data of samples with different soil available potassium contents were measured, and the spectral characteristics were analyzed, and the inversion model was established by using PLS method. The results showed that the spectral sensitive bands of available potassium content in red soil of the region mainly concentrated in 400-600, 1 450, 2 200 nm and so on. After the first derivative transformation, the redundant information in the original spectral data can be significantly reduced, and the correlation between spectral indexes and soil available potassium content can be improved. The full-band modeling results of R and FDR were better than those of significant bands. The optimal model was full-band-FDR-PLS, R2=0.862, and RMSE=2.718. The results of this study can be used for the application of near-earth remote sensing in Guangxi, such as soil digital mapping, precise variable fertilization and real-time monitoring of soil available potassium.

新疆地区西昆仑和田玉遥感信息提取与找矿远景区圈定

新疆地区和田玉主要产在西昆仑至阿尔金一带,这些地区属于高海拔和严寒地区,难以直接开展地质调查工作。当前遥感技术已在热液型矿床的找矿工作中取得重要进展。和田玉矿床属于热液型矿床,地表会留下明显的矿物蚀变信息,通过遥感信息技术寻找和田玉矿床在理论上是可行的。本次研究在西昆仑康西瓦地区,使用哨兵二号、ASTER等多光谱数据和高分5号高光谱数据提取与和田玉矿化有关的蚀变信息,构建了一个以蚀变信息为主的遥感找矿找矿模型,圈定了多处和田玉遥感找矿远景区,并对找矿远景区进行了野外验证。在选取的多个和田玉遥感找矿远景区内,发现了和田玉矿的典型蚀变类型,即蛇纹石化与透闪石化,以及多处出露地表的大理岩和多处正在开采的玉石矿。野外验证结果表明,本次研究采用的和田玉遥感勘查技术是有效的。

土壤有机质高光谱灰信息关联估测模型

为克服光谱估测中的不确定性,本文基于灰信息理论建立土壤有机质高光谱灰信息关联估测模型。以济南市章丘区的76个样本为基础,首先使用对数倒数的一阶微分、倒数对数的一阶微分等变换方法对光谱数据进行变换,计算相关系数,利用极大相关性原则选取估测因子。然后,根据增息取大法的原理,将每个样本的光谱估测因子进行从小到大的排序,形成灰信息量序列,基于信息链构建土壤有机质高光谱灰信息关联估测模型。最后,对基于不同信息链的估测结果进行两次融合处理,并与常用的估测方法进行对比分析。结果表明,12个检验样本的平均相对误差为5.576%,决定系数R2为0.934,估测精度高于多元线性回归、BP神经网络和支持向量机等常用方法。研究表明本文提出的灰信息关联模型是可行有效的,为土壤性状指标的高光谱估测提供了一种新途径。

基于GIS的林业调查技术研究

随着地理信息系统(GIS)技术的不断发展和应用,基于GIS的林业调查技术在林业资源管理、生态环境保护、林火监测和森林病虫害监测等方面得到了广泛应用。该文通过概述GIS的基本概念和定义,介绍了GIS在林业调查中的应用重要性和现状,并总结了林业调查中常用的GIS技术,比如,遥感、GPS和DEM技术。同时,通过实际案例阐述了GIS在林业调查中的应用技术,并探讨了GIS在林业调查中的优势和挑战。最后,提出了加强技术研究和应用推广的建议,以促进GIS在林业调查中的进一步应用和发展,实现更科学、可持续的林业资源管理和保护。

信息量模型与Logistic回归模型耦合方法在新安江流域地质灾害易发性评价中的应用

遥感数据结合数学模型评价流域地质灾害易发性,可用于辅助开展地质灾害预警工作。本文利用信息量模型与Logistic回归模型耦合的方法,基于地理国情数据、多源卫星遥感影像数据、数字高程模型等基础数据,以及地质、土壤、地质灾害等方面的专题数据,选取地质灾害影响因子,对新安江流域地质灾害易发性情况进行分区评价。结果表明,信息量模型与Logistic回归模型耦合方法在地质灾害易发性评价中能够较好地考虑到影响因子间的相关性,保证了地质灾害易发性评价结果的可靠性。信息量模型与Logistic回归模型耦合方法进行新安江流域地质灾害易发性分区的评价表明,高易发区和较高易发区主要分布在人类活动强度较大的河流两岸和道路沿线,该结果与实际地质灾害点分布特征较为吻合,可为新安江流域防灾、减灾工作提供参考。

基于文本语义驱动的遥感影像要素提取

随着遥感技术的快速发展,高精度的遥感影像要素提取在地理信息科学、城市规划和环境监测等领域变得尤为重要。然而,传统基于图像的遥感影像要素提取方法在面对复杂和多变的地表特征时,往往精度有限,难以适应多样化的应用需求。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了一种新型的基于图像和文本的多模态遥感影像语义分割框架(MMRSSEG)。该框架通过综合运用视觉和文本信息,利用深度学习技术,实现对遥感影像的高精度解析。经过在遥感影像建筑物数据集上进行的一系列实验,实验结果表明:与传统的图像分割方法相比,MMRSSEG能显著提高像素级遥感影像要素提取的准确性。在建筑物识别任务中,该方法比传统的单模态算法取得了更好的效果。实验结果充分证明了结合多模态的文本信息在遥感影像分割中的有效性和应用前景。

多源遥感图像数据的建筑物信息提取技术

伴随着城市化建设的快速推进,对三维建模的精度要求越来越高。但因技术局限,遥感光学图像建筑物三维空间信息提取的效率无法显著提升。文章从多源遥感光学立体像对建筑物位置信息提取、三维结构信息复原以及联合提取三维信息等方面开展分析工作。

高分辨率遥感影像道路信息智能提取

道路信息对城市规划、交通管理和基础设施建设至关重要。针对高分辨率遥感影像道路信息提取效率低、边界质量差和可视化程度低等问题,提出了一种基于改进ResUnet模型的遥感影像道路提取方法,并结合pyqt5框架实现了高分辨率遥感影像道路信息智能提取系统开发。文章以马萨诸塞州道路数据集为数据源,通过改进的ResUnet网络模型,实现了对高分辨率影像中道路信息的准确提取。结合高分辨率遥感影像道路信息智能提取系统能够快速、准确地完成道路提取任务,为城市交通管理和规划提供了重要支持。

物化遥综合找矿方法在西藏隆子县拉九地区的应用

西藏隆子县拉九地区成矿地质条件优越,寻找金多金属矿的潜力较大。在综合分析区域地质背景的前提下,通过遥感地质解译研判成矿有利部位,确定拉九地区为成矿预测Ⅳ区,利用1/5万水系沉积物测量进行扫面,圈定了多处化探综合异常。选择在拉九异常(HS-13-B2)内,开展1/1万土壤地球化学剖面测量、壤中1/1万汞气测量及激电中梯测量等大比例尺化探物探工作,初步圈定了2处化探综合异常,发现3个极化体和2处视极化率异常,优选其中有利的成矿靶区,经异常查证和槽探工程揭露,发现3条金矿矿化蚀变带,实现了找矿新发现。基于物化遥综合找矿信息初步建立了以矿床地质—地球化学—地球物理—遥感特征为标志的综合信息找矿模型。实践证明,运用物化遥综合找矿方法可极大地提高找矿效率,该工作为今后在高原山区开展多金属找矿勘查提供了参考。

基于高分遥感图像处理技术的公路勘查方法研究

针对公路高分遥感勘测技术中,遥感图像易受天气干扰、数据分析精确度低等问题,研究了基于高分遥感图像处理技术的公路勘查方法。设计了双行信息采样电路以及采样信息保持电路,实现了公路勘查过程中的高清图像信息采集,由此避免因自身电源频率、外部磁场等因素的干扰而产生图像噪点,保证采集图像信息的准确性。此外,采用一种暗通道先验模型去云雾技术,能够有效排除云雾天气对遥感图像采集的干扰。通过基于Storm的大数据算法,提高系统的整体数据分析及传输能力。试验结果表明,该方法不仅增强了去云雾能力,还可以还原正常图像85%左右的图像特征点。该方法具有很强的数据处理、抗干扰以及数据传输能力。

A Comparison of SWAT Model Calibration Techniques for Hydrological Modeling in the Ganga River Watershed

The Ganga River, the longest river in India, is stressed by extreme anthropogenic activity and climate change, particularly in the Varanasi region. Anticipated climate changes and an expanding populace are expected to further impede the efficient use of water. In this study, hydrological modeling was applied to Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） modeling in the Ganga catchment, over a region of 15 621.612 km2 in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh. The primary goals of this study are： ① To test the execution and applicability of the SWAT model in anticipating runoff and sediment yield; and ② to compare and determine the best calibration algorithm among three popular algorithms-sequential uncertainty fitting version 2 （SUFI-2）, the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation （GLUE）, and par-allel solution （ParaSol）. The input data used in the SWAT were the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission （SRTM） digital elevation model （DEM）, Landsat-8 satellite imagery, soil data, and daily meteorological data. The watershed of the study area was delineated into 46 sub-watersheds, and a land use/land cover （LULC） map and soil map were used to create hydrological response units （HRUs）. Models utilizing SUFI- 2, GLUE, and ParaSol methods were constructed, and these algorithms were compared based on five cat-egories： their objective functions, the concepts used, their performances, the values of P-factors, and the values of R-factors. As a result, it was observed that SUFI-2 is a better performer than the other two algo-rithms for use in calibrating Indian watersheds, as this method requires fewer runs for a computational model and yields the best results among the three algorithms. ParaSol is the worst performer among the three algorithms. After calibrating using SUFI-2, five parameters including the effective channel hydraulic conductivity （CH_K2）, the universal soil-loss equation （USLE） support parameter （USLE_P）, Manning＇s n value for the main channel （CH_N2）, the surface runoff lag time （SURLAG）, and the available water capac-ity of the soil layer （SOL_AWC） were observed to be the most sensitive parameters for modeling the pre-sent watershed. It was also found that the maximum runoff occurred in sub-watershed number 40 （SW#40）, while the maximum sediment yield was 50 t.a ^1 for SW#36, which comprised barren land. The average evapotranspiration for the basin was 411.55 mm.a ^1. The calibrated model can be utilized in future to facilitate investigation of the impacts of LULC, climate change, and soil erosion.

RS-and-GIS-Supported Forecast of Grassland Degradation in Southwest Songnen Plain by Markov Model

By taking Daan city in Jilin Province as a research object and by using TM image in 1989 and ETM + image in 2001 from American LANDSAT satellite,all kinds of maps and documentation,information of grassland,saline-alkalized land,cropland,water area and forestland is extracted by man-computer interactive interpretation method with ArcView and ArcInfo GIS software, and statistics data is acquired. On the basis of this the changing trend of land use types in the next ten years is forecasted and analyzed with Markov model. The results indicate that the problem of grassland degradation in the study area is quite serious.

改进Deeplabv3+的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取模型

针对传统的道路提取方法在高分辨率遥感影像中存在提取效果差和提取速度慢的问题,提出了改进Deeplabv3+的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取模型。采用MobileNetv2主干特征提取网络与Dice Loss函数相结合,较好地平衡了高分辨率遥感影像道路提取精度与速度的矛盾,实现较高提取精度的同时减少了模型参数,满足了时效性的要求。基于开源道路提取数据集的实验结果表明:①该文提出的道路提取模型在高分辨率遥感影像上具有可行性,提取道路的整体精度达到98.71%,具有较高的提取精度;②在提取道路的速度方面该方法平均帧数达到120.05,模型参数量仅为5.81 M,总体上比原模型更加轻量化,表明该方法满足了时效性的要求。该方法在大幅减少参数量、满足时效性的同时保证了提取的精确度,为提高基于高分辨率影像的道路提取精度和速度提供了一种新的改进思路和方法。