Cu掺杂P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)钠离子电池正极材料的制备与性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列形貌规则、表面光滑的Cu掺杂层状P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33-x)Cu_(x)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(x=0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25)。采用SEM、XRD、EDS、XPS对材料进行了形貌、结构和成分表征。将材料用作钠离子电池正极材料,采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电法研究了其电化学性能,获得了最佳掺杂比例。研究发现,掺杂未改变材料的层状结构和形貌,通过Cu掺杂引入了高电化学活性的Cu^(2+)作为取代基,增加材料的表面活性储钠位点,材料表现出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在2.0~4.3 V的电压范围和0.1 C的倍率下,Cu掺杂比例x=0.15时Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.18)Cu_(0.15)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)的初始放电比容量为126.74 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率为79.10%,与未掺杂材料相比提高了50.92%。材料电化学性能的增强可归因于Cu^(2+)插入过渡金属层,由于Cu^(2+)(0.73A)的半径大于Ni^(2+)(0.69A),过渡金属层间距扩大,为Na+扩散提供了通道,进而提高了Na+扩散速率。当充电到高压时可抑制Na+脱/嵌过程中Na^(+)空位的产生,从而稳定材料的晶体结构并抑制材料发生P2-O2相变,提高了材料的循环稳定性。

黄原酸化改性凹凸棒土对Cu^(2+)的吸附性能

为研究改性凹凸棒土对Cu^(2+)的吸附性能,采用湿法黄原酸化改性凹凸棒原土(N-ATP),首次制备了黄原酸化的凹凸棒土(X-ATP),考察得到了X-ATP对Cu^(2+)吸附去除的最佳条件:在室温环境下,对含有Cu^(2+)浓度100 mg/L的溶液添加X-ATP浓度2.0 g/L,控制pH条件为5.5~6.5,振荡吸附时间30 min后,最高去除率可达99.85%,Cu^(2+)残余浓度0.1500 mg/L,远低于国家电子工业水污染物排放标准和无机化学工业污染物排放标准的直接排放限值0.5000 mg/L。在分析探究X-ATP的吸附作用机理时发现X-ATP对Cu^(2+)有吸附作用的同时伴随着离子交换沉淀及螯合沉淀。随后对X-ATP及其原料进行XRD、SEM和粒度分析等结构表征进一步佐证了其对Cu^(2+)的良好吸附性能。

机械活化重质碳酸钙制备复合碳酸钙及其对溶液中的Cu^(2+)吸附性能

利用机械活化法对重质碳酸钙进行了纳米化表面改性,以聚丙烯酸钠和纳米碳酸钙为改性原料与重质碳酸钙进行混合研磨,成功制备了纳米碳酸钙包覆重质碳酸钙的复合钙,并考察了复合钙对溶液中的Cu^(2+)的吸附性能。研究结果如下:扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析证实了纳米碳酸钙包覆在重质碳酸钙表面,傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明复合碳酸钙表面羟基明显增加,比表面积分析表明复合碳酸钙的比表面积为20.5m^(2)/g,具有介孔结构。复合碳酸钙对Cu^(2+)的最大吸附量为65.5mg/g,去除率可达98%。吸附性能研究表明,复合碳酸钙对Cu^(2+)吸附动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir-Freundich模型,证明吸附过程以离子交换反应为主,该过程为吸热反应。

Cu离子分子筛催化材料在去除NO_(x)方面应用的研究进展

控制大气中氮氧化物的排放对环境和人体健康有着至关重要的作用,应用于NO_(x)去除的技术有很多,其中选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是去除NO_(x)极有效的技术之一,利用CO去除NO_(x)为烟气脱硝(CO-SCR)提供了一种简单且低成本的技术,直接催化分解NO_(x)被认为是去除NO_(x)最理想、最环保的技术。Cu离子分子筛作为去除NO_(x)的高效催化剂,具有宽温度窗口和良好的水热稳定性。本文综述了Cu交换分子筛在去除NO领域的研究进展,讨论了Cu离子分子筛在NH3-SCR、CO-SCR以及直接催化分解NO中的应用,着重总结了Cu离子参与去除NO的反应机理,归纳了分子筛中Cu活性位点对脱硝性能的影响,还讨论了铜离子分子筛的抗H_(2)O和SO_(2)中毒性能,展望了Cu离子分子筛未来可能的发展方向。

颗粒13X分子筛复合材料去除水中Cu^(2+)的机理及共存Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Zn^(2+)的影响研究

制备了颗粒13X分子筛复合材料,将其装填为固定床,探究复合材料去除水中Cu^(2+)的机理及共存重金属离子Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对复合材料固定床去除Cu^(2+)性能的影响。结果表明,在进水流速为150 mL·min^(-1)、Cu^(2+)浓度为100 mg·L^(-1)的条件下,固定床运行23.5 h后,Cu^(2+)达到穿透点,复合材料对Cu^(2+)的饱和富集量为1.58 mmol·g^(-1)(铜含量达10.03%)。颗粒13X分子筛复合材料去除Cu^(2+)的机理主要包括离子交换吸附和表面沉淀。Cu^(2+)-Pb^(2+)、Cu^(2+)-Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)-Zn^(2+)二元体系的运行结果表明,Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的共存分别使Cu^(2+)的穿透时间提前了34.0%、40.4%和53.6%,进出水中Cu^(2+)浓度相等时复合材料对Cu^(2+)的富集量分别降低到0.28 mmol·g^(-1)、1.08 mmol·g^(-1)和1.55 mmol·g^(-1),影响强弱顺序为Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Zn^(2+)。水合离子直径和水合能越小、电负性越大的共存重金属离子,对复合材料去除Cu^(2+)产生的不利影响越强。

Cu(OH)_(2)纳米线/Cu网电极制备及还原水中硝酸盐性能研究

工厂化养殖尾水中硝酸盐污染问题日益严重,而电化学还原技术中铜作为阴极材料去除NO_(3)^(-)-N存在活性位点少和吸附能力差的问题.为此采用一种具有高长径比(120)的Cu(OH)_(2)纳米线/Cu网电极材料应用于NO_(3)^(-)-N的电催化还原.首先,通过调控阳极氧化条件制备了Cu(OH)_(2)纳米线/Cu网.然后,通过对Cu(OH)_(2)纳米线/Cu网进行表征分析和去除NO_(3)^(-)-N性能测试,确定25℃、1.0 mol/L NaOH和2.0 mA/cm 2为Cu(OH)_(2)纳米线/Cu网最佳阳极氧化条件.在双池隔膜反应器中,以该电极为阴极,RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)-TiO_(2)/Ti为阳极,对NO_(3)^(-)-N(50 mg/L)去除率达到98%,NO_(3)^(-)-N还原速率达到0.0111 min-1/cm 2,是相同实验条件下未处理铜电极还原速率的6.5倍.最后,为了实现总氮(TN)去除,采用单池反应器,向体系中加1.0 g/L的氯离子将阴极产生的氨氮进一步转化为氮气,总氮去除率达到91%.循环实验结果显示该电极具有良好的稳定性,并且将该电极应用到实际水中NO_(3)^(-)-N的去除,总氮去除率达到92%.

Ni-Cu掺杂诱导制备两类截角八面体LiMn_(2)O_(4)材料及其电化学性能

结合元素掺杂和晶面调控策略制备了同时包含(111)、(110)和(100)三个晶面和包含(111)和(100)两个晶面的两类截角八面体形貌的LiNi_(0.03)Cu_(0.06)Mn_(1.91)O_(4)正极材料,并研究了其电化学性能。结果表明:Ni-Cu共掺杂有效抑制了尖晶石LiMn_(2)O_(4)的Jahn-Teller效应,促进了其晶体发育和晶面的择优生长,但部分晶面发育较不完善,与一般情况不同的是Ni-Cu共掺后LiNi_(0.03)Cu_(0.06)Mn_(1.91)O_(4)正极材料的颗粒粒径显著增大;形成的截角八面体形貌中高暴露(111)面降低了Mn的溶解,少部分(110)和(100)晶面增加了Li^(+)的扩散通道。恒电流充放电测试结果表明:在5 C和10 C倍率下,LiNi_(0.03)Cu_(0.06)Mn_(1.91)O_(4)样品的首次放电容量分别为107.4和98.2 mAh/g,循环1000次,其容量保持率分别为72.5%和76.3%。而LiNi_(0.03)Mn_(1.97)O_(4)在相同的电流密度下其首次放电比容量为99.5和72.7 mAh/g,容量保持率为67.2%和73.2%。甚至在20 C下,LiNi_(0.03)Cu_(0.06)Mn_(1.91)O_(4)样品1000次循环后容量保持率高达89.3%。循环伏安和电化学阻抗测试表明:LiNi_(0.03)Cu_(0.06)Mn_(1.91)O_(4)材料有较高的Li^(+)的传输速率和较低的锂离子脱/嵌能垒。

Interaction Between Charge Characteristics and Cu^(2+) Adsorption-Desorption of Soils with Variable or Permanent Charge

Charge characteristics and Cu2+ adsorption-desorption of soils with variable charge (latosol) and permanent charge (brown soil) and the relationship between them were studied by means of back-titration and adsorption equilibrium respectively. The amount of variable negative charge was much less in variable-charge soil than in permanent-charge soil and increased with the pH in the system, but the opposite trend occurred in the points of zero charge (PZCs). The amount of Cu2+ ions sorbed by permanent-charge soil was more than that by variable-charge soil and increased with the increase of Cu2+ concentration within a certain range in the equilibrium solution. The amount of Cu2+ ions desorbed with KC1 from permanent-charge soil was more than that from variable-charge soil, but the amount of Cu2+ ions desorbed with de-ionized water from permanent-charge soil was extremely low whereas there was still a certain amount of desorption from variable-charge soil. The increase of PZC of soils with variable or permanent charge varied with the increment of Cu2+ ions added. When the same amount of Cu2+ ions was added, the increments of PZC and variable negative surface charge of permanent-charge soil were different from those of variable-charge soil.

Cu_2ZnSnS_4 thin films prepared by sulfurization of ion beam sputtered precursor and their electrical and optical properties

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were successfully prepared by sulfurization of ion bean sputtered precursors on soda-lime glass substrate. The single phase of stannite-type structure CZTS films were obtained as revealed in EDS and XRD analysis when the ratios of the constituents of CZTS thin films are close to stoichiometric by optimizing the conditions of precursor preparation and sulfurization. A low sheet resistivity as about 0.156 Ω·cm and a high absorption coefficient as 1×104 cm-1 were achieved in this method by Hall effect measurements and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The optical band-gap energy of the CZTS sample is about 1.51 eV, which is very close to the optimum value for a solar-cell absorber.

Effect of Cu^(2+)ions on bioleaching of marmatite

铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上的 Cu2+ 离子的效果通过饮料沥滤被调查实验。接种的细菌是 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans， Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans 和 Lepthospirillum ferrooxidans 的一种混合文化。结果证明那锌有选择地被沥滤，并且 Cu2+ 离子的适当内容的增加在铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上有积极效果。沥滤的残余的 SEM 和 EDX 分析表明产品层在矿物质表面上铁硫化物，元素的硫和 jarosite 形式创作了。元素的硫的 biooxidation 被 Cu2+ 离子催化，它消除障碍到铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 并且使 pH 价值低。与 0.5 个 g/L Cu2+ 离子的增加，最大的锌抽取率在 30 的温度在 23 d 以后到达 73%? 吗？？

Photocatalytic and Photoelectronic Properties of Anatase TiO_2 Modified by Cu Ions Plasma and Its Theoretic Study by the First Principle Study

Highly oxidation. SEM analysis ordered anatase titania nanotube method was used to characterize arrays （TINT） were fabricated by anodic the morphology of the prepared samples. TiNT samples doped with Cu ions were prepared by home-made Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc ions sources （MEVVA, BNU, China） implanter. Photo-electric response and methyl orange decomposition ability of implanted samples under UV and visible light were tested, and the results indicated that the performance of Cu/TiNT enhanced significantly under visible light; it was noteworthy that the photocurrent density of A-Cu/TiNT was 0.102 mA/cm^2, which was 115 times that of pure TINT, and degradation ability of TiNT also strongly enhanced under visible light. In a word, the absorption spectrum of implanted anatase titania shifted to a longer wavelength region. Theoretic study on Cu-doped anatase based on density functional theory was carried out in this paper to validate the experiment results. The calculation results are depicted as follows： Intermittent energy band appeared around the Fermi energy after doping with Cu metal, the width of which was 0.35 eV and the location of valence and conduction bands shifted to the lower energy level by 0.22 eV; more excitation and jump routes were opened for the electrons. The narrowed band gaps allowed the photons with lower energy （at longer wavelength, such as visible light） to be absorbed, which accorded well with the experimental results.

Effect of pH on the photocatalytic removal of silver ions byβ-MnO2 particles

The presence of silver ions(Ag(I))in wastewater has a detrimental effect on living organisms.Removal of soluble silver,especially at low concentrations,is challenging.This paper presents the use ofβ-MnO2 particles as a photocatalyst to remove Ag(I)ions selectively from aqueous solution at various pH levels.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission electron microscope(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron microscopy(XPS)were employed to determine the removal efficiency and to characterize the deposition of silver onto the surface ofβ-MnO2 particles.The optimum pH for the removal of Ag(I)ions was at pH 4 with 99%removal efficiency under 1 h of visible light irradiation.This phenomenon can be attributed to the electrostatic attraction betweenβ-MnO2 particles and Ag(I)ions as well as the suppression of electron–hole recombination in the presence of H+ions.

α⁃Cu_(2)Se的显微缺陷结构

本文利用球差校正电镜对Cu_(2)Se低温α相的显微缺陷结构进行精细表征。α⁃Cu_(2)Se呈层状特征,其中Se构成了刚性亚晶格,Cu离子有序填充于{111}c晶面之间形成了交替分布的富Cu层和贫Cu层。层间滑移是导致超结构出现的主要原因。在Cu_(2)Se从高温β相到低温α相的结构转变过程中,由于对称性破缺和Se刚性亚晶格的保留,Cu离子在不同区域的有序性差异使得α⁃Cu_(2)Se中存在大量共格连接的畴结构。实验结果有助于更全面地理解α⁃Cu_(2)Se的显微缺陷结构。

STUDY ON THE DIFFUSION OF Cu^(2+)-H^+ COUPLE IN A CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE——A RAPID METHOD TO DETERMINE SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF COUNTER-IONS WITH UNEQUAL VALENCE

1 INTRODUCTIONKnowledge of the basic transport phenomena of ions in an ion exchange membrane isimportant for the application of such a membrane.Various studies on the developmentof mathematical models for predicting and correlating membrane transport rate havebeen published in recent years.More exact estimation of the diffusion coefficientshas been the subject of chief concern in many of these papers.For a bi-ionic systemwith the same valence,Sato et al.gave a method for estimating diffusion coefficients

Synthesis of Cu_2ZnSnS_4 thin film from mixed solution of Cu_2SnS_3 nanoparticles and Zn ions

The Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film was prepared by a facile solution method without vacuum environment and toxic substance. The formation mechanism of the film was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman scattering measurements. Through cyclic voltammetry and photo-electricity tests, the electrocatalytic activity of the prepared film as the counter electrode of dye-sensitizedsolar cell was also studied. The results show that the mixed precursor solution mainly consists of Cu2SnS3 nanoparticles and Zn ions.After 550 °C annealing process on the precursor film prepared from the mixed solution, Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film is obtained. Besides, itis found that the prepared Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film has the electrocatalytic activity toward the redox reaction of I3?/I? and the dye-sensitized solar cell with the prepared Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film as the counter electrode achieves the efficiency of 1.09%.

Interfacial Electronic Structure of Thin Cu Films Grown on Ar^+-ion Sputter-cleaned α-Al_2O_3 Substrates

The bonding and electronic structure of Cu/(0001)Al2O3 and Cu/(1120)Al2O3 interfaces has been studied experimentally using spatially-resolved transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy. The specimen were prepared by depositing Cu on single-crystal α-AI2O3 substrates, which have been Ar+-ion sputter-cleaned prior to the growth of Cu. For both orientations of the α-Al2O3 substrate, atomically abrupt interfaces formed as determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The investigations of the interfacial Cu-L2,3, Al-L2,3 and 0-K energy loss near-edge structures, which are proportional to the site- and angular-momentum-projected unoccupied density of states above the Fermi level, indicate the existence of metallic Cu-AI bonds at the Cu/AI2O3 interface independent of the substrate orientation.

解钼液双氧水氧化除S^(2-)试验研究

采用双氧水氧化-硫酸调酸的方式处理吸附硫代钼酸根饱和树脂的解吸液(解钼液),研究了氧化剂种类、用量和添加方式以及反应温度和时间对解钼液中S^(2-)去除效果的影响。结果表明:在反应温度35℃、搅拌速度恒定(200 r/min)、双氧水用量为理论量的1.0倍并一次性添加以及反应时间20 min条件下,解钼液中S^(2-)的浓度可降到0.01 g/L以下,调酸过程未检测到硫化氢气体和三硫化钼渣。此方法为离子交换工段解钼液的绿色、高效处理提供了一种参考。

基于六偏磷酸钠-Fe^(2+)的铁盐脱氮反应器运行性能及微生物学特征研究

以实验室高效反硝化反应器中的反硝化污泥作为接种污泥,启动自养型六偏磷酸钠-Fe^(2+)脱氮反应器,试验采用模拟废水通过88 d的不间断运行,研究了铁盐脱氮工艺的脱氮效能及其微生物学特性。结果表明,当反应器硝态氮容积负荷为0.42 kg/(m^(3)·d)时,最高稳定氮去除负荷为0.41 kg/(m^(3)·d);当Fe^(2+)容积负荷为4.92 kg/(m^(3)·d)时,最大铁去除负荷为2.77 kg/(m^(3)·d)。反应器稳定运行时硝态氮、Fe^(2+)的去除率分别达94.6%、52.6%,最佳效能可维持28 d。反应器运行到第82天时,颗粒污泥由黄色变为灰褐色,颗粒解体,污泥比活性逐渐升高,比反硝化活性由0.71 mg[N]/(g[VSS]·h)升高到2.3 mg[N]/(g[VSS]·h),同比上升224%;比铁氧化活性由7.3 mg[Fe]/(g[VSS]·h)升高到15 mg[Fe]/(g[VSS]·h),同比上升105%。六偏磷酸钠-Fe^(2+)脱氮作为一种新型自养反硝化技术,不仅增强了活细菌的生物活性和反硝化活性,还延长了铁盐脱氮污泥反硝化的高效期。

Cu^(2+)活化铁闪锌矿的电化学

用循环伏安法研究了在不同电位和pH值条件下 ,Cu2 + 活化铁闪锌矿的电化学。结果表明 :活化产物取决于电位 ,高电位下为CuS而低电位下为Cu2 S ,一般可表示为CunS(n =1～ 2 ) ;- 78mV左右是比较好的活化电位 ;在 pH值为 11的石灰介质中 ,当电位大于 32 2mV时 ,Cu2 + 难以活化铁闪锌矿。

淡水小球藻清除Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Zn^(2+)污染能力的研究

用接种密度(n/mL-1)为498×104的淡水小球藻对含Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+的水体分别处理,观察了藻细胞对上述3种离子的清除能力,并用金鱼存活检测了结果。结果表明:(1)淡水小球藻对不同密度的Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+都有清除能力,Cu2+的密度在0.094~0.484 mol/L时,清除率为61%~84.5%;Cd2+的密度在0.053~0.32mol/L时,清除率为45.90%~78.20%;Zn2+的密度在0.077~0.466 mol/L时,清除率为61.80%~84.80%。(2)淡水小球藻Cu2+、Cd2+和Zn2+良好工作浓度分别为0.094~0.484 mol/L、0.053~0.32 mol/L和0.077~0.466mol/L。其中,Zn2+的清除能达到国家污染物排放的二级标准。