EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TUMOR INFILTRATING DENDRITIC CELLS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Objective: To study the expression of dendritic cells in human renal cell carcinoma and explore the cause, so to reveal the mechanism of escaping immune surveillance in RCC. Methods: The expressions of CD83+DCS, CD1a+DCS,VEGF and TGF-β1 in tumoral, peritumoral and normal kidney tissues of RCC in 30 cases were detected by immunohistochemistry using streptavidin/peroxidese(SP) Results: CD83+DCS were mainly located in the peritumoral areas; whereas CD1a+DCS、were mainly retained within the cancer nests. The number of CD83+DCS was inversely correlated with the clinical stage(P<0.05); but there were no significant correlations between the number of CD1a+DCS、and the clinical stage(P>0.05). The expressions of CD83+DCS and CD1a+DCS have significant difference between the tumoral, peritumoral and normal kidney tissues(P<0.001). The expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in samples with highly infiltrating CD83+DCS(P<0.05); Whereas CD1a+DCS were not (P>0.05). Conclusion: DC has the tendency to gathering in tumor, but because of the immunosuppressive cytokins, for example VEGF and TGF-β1, inhibits the maturation of DC, there are less mature TIDCS(CD83+TIDCS) in the tumoral tissues, they are mainly located in the peritumoral areas. This may contribute to the mechanism of escaping immune surveillance in RCC.

Translating new data to the daily practice in second line treatment of renal cell carcinoma:The role of tumor growth rate

The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncommon to see patients surviving kidney cancer for more than four to five years. Once treatment fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head comparisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus are more effective than everolimus alone and that axitinib is more active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data comparing the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolumab. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biomarkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm recommendation about the optimal sequence of treatment in the second line. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to make decisions for an individual patient, such as the tumor burden, the expected response rate and the time to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent administered, the toxicity profile of the different compounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tumor-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatment as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatment reflects the variability between patients in terms of tumor growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate marker of tumor aggressiveness that may guide treatment decisions.

Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Judging the Prognosis of Patients with Renal Cancer and Related Indexes of Blood Coagulation

Objective: To investigate the value of the number of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood in the prognosis and coagulation-related indicators of patients with renal cancer. Methods: 65 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) confirmed pathologically were divided into CTC positive group and CTC negative group according to the CTC count (5 pcs/3.5 ml). Compare the age, gender, tumor location, TNM (clinical stage), pathological grade, tissue type, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, prognosis and prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), partial coagulation of the two groups of patients The correlation between the results of zymogen time (APTT) and D-dimer (DD) and the number of CTC. Results: There were significant differences in TNM, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis between the two groups (P < 0.05). The number of CTC in patients was correlated with FIB and D-D levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The number of CTC in patients with renal cell carcinoma is correlated with some clinical phenotypes (TNM, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis) and some coagulation indexes (FIB, D-D), and can jointly predict the prognosis of renal cancer.

Successful Management of Pulmonary Tumor Embolism from Renal Cell Carcinoma

Although invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) into the inferior vena cava is common, pulmonary tumor embolism is rare. We present a case of a pulmonary tumor embolism from type II papillary renal cell carcinoma successfully treated using a staged approach. Such staged procedures are particularly effective in cases of massive renal tumors. Pulmonary tumor embolectomy using normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is considerably less invasive than under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Molecular genetics and immunohistochemistry characterization of uncommon and recently described renal cell carcinomas

Renal cell carcinoma （RCC） compromises multiple types and has been emerging dramatically over the recent several decades. Advances and consensus have been achieved targeting common RCCs, such as clear cell carcinoma, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC. Nevertheless, little is known on the characteristics of several newly-identified RCCs, including clear cell （tubulo） papillary RCC, Xpl 1 translocation RCC, t（6;11） RCC, succinate dehydrogenase （SDH）-deficient RCC, acquired cystic disease- associated RCC, hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC syndrome-associated RCC, ALK translocation RCC, thyroid-like follicular RCC, tubulocystic RCC and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors （HOCT）. In current review, we will collect available literature of these newly-described RCCs, analyze their clinical pathologic characteristics, discuss their morphologic and immunohistologic features, and finally summarize their molecular and genetic evidences. We expect this review would be beneficial for the understanding of RCCs, and eventually promote clinical management strategies.

Review of renal cell carcinoma and its common subtypes in radiology

Representing 2%-3% of adult cancers, renal cell carcinoma(RCC) accounts for 90% of renal malignancies and is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Over the last 65 years, the incidence of RCC has increased at a rate of 2% per year. The increased incidence is at least partly due to improved tumor detection secondary to greater availability of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging modalities over the last few decades. Most RCCs are asymptomatic at discovery and are detected as unexpected findings on imaging performed for unrelated clinical indications. The 2004 World Health Organization Classification of adult renal tumors stratifies RCC into several distinct histologic subtypes of which clear cell, papillary and chromophobe tumors account for 70%, 10%-15%, and 5%, respectively. Knowledge of the RCC subtype is important because the various subtypes are associated with different biologic behavior, prognosis and treatment options. Furthermore, the common RCC subtypes can often be discriminated non-invasively based on gross morphologic imaging appearances, signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and the degree of tumor enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In this article, we review the incidence and survival data, risk factors, clinical and biochemical findings, imaging findings, staging, differential diagnosis, management options and posttreatment follow-up of RCC, with attention focused on the common subtypes.

Stage T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma: the prognosis in Asian patients

The prognostic features of T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Asian patients have not been well explored in large sample studies. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 713 patients undergoing nephrectomy for T1N0M0 RCC between 1991 and 2009 in three Asian hospitals. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the independent predictive factors for T1N0M0 RCC prognosis among a series of clinicopathological parameters, including age, gender, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, and histological classification. Our results showed that 388 of 713 patients had tumors 4.0 cm or smaller (stage T1a) and 325 of 713 patients had tumors 4.0-7.0 cm in size (stage T1b). Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for this group of patients were 96.0% and 93.5%, respectively. The patients with T1b RCC had a significantly lower 5-year CSS and RFS rates than did those with T1a RCC (CSS, 93.1% vs. 98.6%, P = 0.026; RFS, 90.0% vs. 96.5%, P < 0.001). Patients with low grade (grades I-II) tumors had a higher 5-year CSS (97.8% vs. 91.2%, P = 0.001) and RFS (95.5% vs. 85.5%, P < 0.001) rate than did those with high grade (grades I-II) tumors. More interestingly, when stratifying patients to T1a and T1b groups, the role of grade in distinguishing prognosis could be only observed in patients with T1b disease. Cox regression showed tumor size and Fuhrman grade were significant in predicting CSS and RFS. Our study suggests that the prognosis of patients with T1N0M0 RCC is excellent, and these results are comparable to previously reported studies in Western patients. Furthermore, our data indicates that patients with T1b disease and high Fuhrman grade have high risk of tumor recurrence and death, thus requiring more frequent follow-up.

Collision tumor of the kidney composed of clear cell carcinoma and collecting duct carcinoma: report of a case with unusual morphology and clinical follow-up

We report the case of a 67-year-old female who presented with a large renal mass. Gross examination of the nephrectomy specimen demonstrated a 6-cm renal mass that invaded into the renal sinus and perinephric fat. Histologic examination revealed two distinct tumor types. The first type was a conventional(clear cell) renal cell carcinoma that was of low nuclear grade and comprised the minority of the overall tumor. The second type was a high-grade collecting duct carcinoma with glandular/tubular differentiation and composed the majority of the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated distinctive patterns of the two tumor types, thus confirming two distinct lineages. Five months postoperatively, the patient developed metastasis to the lungs and right hilar lymph node region. A fine needle aspiration of a lung nodule demonstrated a metastatic, poorly differentiated carcinoma, similar to the collecting duct carcinoma component in the kidney. Collision tumors of the kidney are rare with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. Our report further expands the spectrum of this rare phenomenon.

Contemporary approach to diagnosis and classification of renal cell carcinoma with mixed histologic features

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important contributor to cancer-specific mortality worldwide. Targeted agents that inhibit key subtype-specific signaling pathways have improved survival times and have recently become part of the standard of care for this disease. Accurately diagnosing and classifying RCC on the basis of tumor histology is thus critical. RCC has been traditionally divided into clear-cell and non-clearcell categories, with papillary RCC forming the most common subtype of non-clear-cell RCC. Renal neoplasms with overlapping histologies, such as tumors with mixed clear-cell and papillary features and hybrid renal oncocytic tumors, are increasingly seen in contemporary practice and present a diagnostic challenge with important therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss the histologic, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and clinicopathologic aspects of these differential diagnoses and illustrate how the classification of RCC has evolved to integrate both the tumor's microscopic appearance and its molecular fingerprint.

Transthoracic echo: A sensitive tool for detecting cardiac extension of renal cell carcinoma?

Renal cell carcinoma is a common urological malignancy with the unique ability to invade the inferior vena cava(IVC) and to extend into the right atrium of the heart. Of those with Renal cell carcinoma only 4%-25% are found to have IVC invasion and of those only 2%-10% extend into the right atrium. If treated surgically, extension of tumor thrombus is not a determinant of survival; therefore it is imperative to determine the presence and extent of tumor thrombus in order to determine surgical approach and tumor resection. To date this has been primarily accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We present a case of 61 years old African American woman in which transthoracic echocardiography provided a more accurate determination/characterization of the presence and degree of tumor thrombus and extension.

Risk Factors That Affect Survival in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Vena Cava

Objectives: To determine which risk factors are associated with overall survival in patients with T3b or T3c renal cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent a nephrectomy at Lahey Hospital from 1971-2014 and had a diagnosis of pathologic T3b or T3c renal cell carcinoma. Twenty-one potential risk factors were examined and analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazard Survival models. Additional factors examined in this cohort included rate of complications, tumor recurrence, intra-operative death rate, and 30-day mortality rate. Results: One-hundred eighty-two patients with stage T3b or T3c renal cell carcinoma met inclusion criteria. Of these, 124 (68%) were stage T3b and 58 (32%) were stage T3c. Median follow-up was 18.5 months. One-hundred and six (58%) patients experienced a complication from surgery. The intra-operative death rate was 1.1% (2 patients). The 30-day mortality rate was 7.1% (13 patients). Seventy-one (39%) patients had disease recurrence at a median of 7 months (range 1 - 232 months). The 5-year disease-specific survival was 40% and the 5-year overall survival was 32%. Of the 21 risk factors analyzed, clear cell histology, positive lymph nodes, and peri-nephric fat involvement were all significant at the p 0.05 level using unadjusted modeling. On multivariable analysis, fully adjusting for all three significant variables, only positive lymph nodes and peri-nephric fat involvement remained significant. Conclusions: In patients with T3b or T3c renal cell carcinoma overall survival is associated with lymph node positivity and peri-nephric fat involvement and not tumor thrombus level.

抑制miRNA-376c-3p对肾透明细胞癌生长的影响

目的探究miRNA-376c-3对肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)中肿瘤细胞生长的影响。方法以实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测人ccRCC细胞系786-O、Caki-1、SN12-PM6、ACHN及正常人近段肾小管上皮细胞系HKC中miRNA-376c-3p的表达。体外培养786-O细胞,随机分为对照组、miR-376c-3p inhibitor组(转染miR-376c-3p inhibitor)、miR-376c-3p mimics组(转染miR-376c-3p mimics)、阴性对照组(转染miR-376c-3p阴性对照),分组转染后以RT-PCR检测4组细胞miRNA-376c-3p表达;以Ki67免疫荧光染色、集落生成实验检测4组786-O细胞增殖;以TUNEL染色检测4组786-O细胞凋亡;以免疫荧光染色检测4组786-O细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2表达并比较其Bax/Bcl-2。于右腋窝皮下接种上述4组786-O细胞建立其裸鼠移植瘤模型,3周后测定其肿瘤体积与质量;以Ki67免疫荧光染色、TUNEL染色分别检测4组裸鼠肿瘤细胞增殖与凋亡。结果与HKC细胞比较,ccRCC细胞系786-O、Caki-1、SN12-PM6、ACHN中miR-376c-3p表达降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,miR-376c-3p inhibitor组细胞增殖率与集落形成率、肿瘤体积与质量、裸鼠肿瘤组织Ki67阳性比升高(P<0.05),细胞miR-376c-3p相对表达、Bax/Bcl-2与凋亡率、裸鼠肿瘤组织TUNEL阳性比降低(P<0.05);miR-376c-3p mimics组细胞增殖率与集落形成率、肿瘤体积与质量、裸鼠肿瘤组织Ki67阳性比降低(P<0.05),细胞miR-376c-3p相对表达、Bax/Bcl-2与凋亡率、裸鼠肿瘤组织TUNEL阳性比升高(P<0.05);阴性对照组各指标无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论抑制miRNA-376c-3p可削弱ccRCC细胞增殖及集落生成活性,促进其凋亡,并在裸鼠体内抑制其移植瘤生长。

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤23例的临床特点及术后中长期随访报告

目的探讨透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤的临床病理特点及手术后中长期效果。方法2013年10月~2024年1月,我科对23例透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤分别行肾部分切除术或根治性肾切除术。行肾部分切除术者,通过经腹入路或经腹膜后入路,游离并阻断肾动脉,切除肿瘤并对创面进行缝合。行根治性肾切除术者,游离肾动静脉及输尿管,Hem-o-lok夹闭后切断,再将肾脏装袋取出。结果手术均顺利完成,18例腹腔镜手术,5例机器人辅助腹腔镜手术。17例行肾部分切除术,手术时间73~229 min,中位数149 min;阻断时间9~35 min,中位数21 min;出血量10~100 ml,中位数20 ml;术后住院时间3~28 d,中位数6 d。6例行根治性肾切除术,手术时间110~232 min,中位数123 min;出血量5~200 ml,中位数10 ml;术后住院时间3~7 d,平均4 d。术后病理均为透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤,核分级(WHO/ISUP分级)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。23例术后随访7~121个月,平均53个月,其中10例随访>3年,9例随访>5年。1例术后1年发现对侧肾脏病变行腹腔镜肾部分切除术,病理为透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤,此后复查显示双肾有囊肿,距第1次术后7年发现双肾实性结节,考虑复发,主动监测2年(每3~6个月复查CT),病情稳定;1例术后29个月发现贲门管状腺癌,行胃镜下切除,随访121个月无复发;余21例无复发。结论透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤术前诊断困难,手术是有效治疗方法,预后较好,但部分病例会复发或合并多原发癌,术后应注意复查。

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤临床病理研究

目的:透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤(clear cell papillary renal cell tumor,CCPRCT)是一种少见但重要的肾肿瘤类型,与其他肾细胞肿瘤具有类似的形态学特征,易导致误诊。本研究旨在探讨CCPRCT的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断要点,以提高其病理诊断的准确性。方法:收集15例CCPRCT患者,观察其临床及影像学特点,分析其镜下形态、免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果:15例患者中,男10例,女5例,年龄为(54±17)岁,10例患者肿瘤位于左肾,5例患者肿瘤位于右肾。组织学上肿瘤均由增厚的纤维囊包裹,并局限于肾实质内;肿瘤细胞排列成乳头状、管状、囊状、腺泡及实性等结构;乳头由小到中等大小、透明细胞质的单层细胞组成,肿瘤均为世界卫生组织/国际泌尿病理学会(World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology,WHO/ISUP)1级或2级;细胞核反极性分布,即核上移,靠近腔面,远离基底,类似鲨鱼牙齿排列。免疫组织化学染色显示:细胞角蛋白7、碳酸酐酶9(carbonic anhydrase 9,CA9)和高分子量细胞角蛋白(34βE12)均为阳性表达;α甲基酰基辅酶A消旋酶、CD117、转录因子E3均为阴性表达;CCPRCT中典型的CA9表现方式是“U型”着色,即腔缘不表达,基底和侧面表达。患者术后随访均未见复发或转移。结论:CCPRCT是一种惰性肾细胞肿瘤,预后好,临床可能存在过诊断,其形态学为特征性的核朝向腔缘的线性排列,特殊的免疫表型CA9呈“U型”阳性,可以与其他肾细胞肿瘤区分开来,但仍然需要积累更多患者来阐释其预后。

TNFAIP3和LINC00887在透明细胞肾细胞癌中的表达及临床预后意义

目的检测肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(TNFAIP3)和LINC00887在透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)组织中的表达水平,并研究其表达水平与临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法选取2013年1月至2018年10月该院收治的101例ccRCC患者,检测TNFAIP3和LINC00887分别在ccRCC癌组织和配对的癌旁组织中的表达水平,分析TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平与ccRCC患者临床病理参数和预后关系,并分析ccRCC患者预后不良的影响因素。采用Spearman相关系数分析TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平的相关性。结果TNFAIP3在ccRCC中的阳性率(37.62%)显著低于癌旁组织(52.48%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.500,P=0.034)。LINC00887在ccRCC中表达水平(1.38±0.61)显著高于在癌旁组织中的表达水平(1.03±0.43),差异有统计学意义(t=5.396,P<0.001)。TNFAIP3蛋白阳性率在肿瘤最大径≥4.5 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者中低于在肿瘤最大径<4.5 cm、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LINC00887在肿瘤最大径≥4.5 cm、病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者中表达高于肿瘤最大径<4.5 cm、病理分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与TNFAIP3高表达组相比,TNFAIP3低表达组ccRCC患者预后较差,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.118,P=0.024);与LINC00887低表达组相比,LINC00887高表达组ccRCC患者预后较差,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.638,P=0.031)。TNFAIP3低表达,LINC00887高表达,病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级和TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期是ccRCC患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果,TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平在ccRCC中呈负相关(r=-0.638,P=0.012)。结论ccRCC癌组织中TNFAIP3表达水平下调、LINC00887表达水平上调,且呈负相关性,二者可能共同调控ccRCC发生发展,具有成为评估ccRCC患者预后肿瘤标志物的潜力。

脱氧核糖核酸酶1在肾细胞癌中的作用及机制研究

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)患者在手术后对放疗、化疗和靶向治疗均不敏感。前期研究证明,在肝癌中,脱氧核糖核酸酶1(deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3,DNASE1L3)可以分解包膜内的单链和双链DNA,通过弱化糖酵解的限速酶,抑制细胞周期、增殖和代谢。然而,DNASE1L3在肾癌中的作用和相关机制尚不清楚。从癌症基因组图谱数据库(the Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)中下载并分析了肾癌RNA测序数据;使用(Gene Expression Omnibus,GEO)数据库、人类蛋白质图谱数据库和免疫印迹验证DNASE1L3的表达水平;运用免疫相关数据库分析、划痕和侵袭实验,探究了DNASE1L3的作用和潜在机制。结果发现,在TCGA肾癌数据中,DNASE1L3表达量与患者的临床特征显著相关,且与患者生存期呈正相关;过表达DNASE1L3会抑制ACHN和786-O细胞的增殖和侵袭能力。结果表明,DNASE1L3可能成为肾癌患者诊断和治疗的潜在生物标志物。

肾透明细胞癌VSIG4表达及其与免疫细胞浸润的相关性研究

目的:探究VSIG4在肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)中的表达及其与免疫细胞浸润和预后的关系。方法:从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库中下载ccRCC的RNA-seq数据和患者相应的临床数据;通过Wilcoxon秩和检验分析ccRCC及正常肾组织中VSIG4 mRNA表达水平;Wilcoxon秩和或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验分析VSIG4表达与临床病理参数的相关性;Kaplan-Meier法分析VSIG4表达与患者预后的相关性;基因集富集分析(GSEA)探究VSIG4在ccRCC中参与的信号通路;使用R软件运行CIBERSORT算法分析VSIG4表达与肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的相关性;Western blotting检测人正常肾上皮细胞系293T和人肾癌细胞系ACHN、A-498、786-O、OS-RC-2中VSIG4蛋白表达。结果:VSIG4在ccRCC中的表达水平显著高于正常组织(P<0.05);VSIG4的表达与患者远处转移分期和淋巴结转移分期显著相关(P<0.05);生存分析显示,VSIG4高表达组患者总体生存率显著低于低表达组患者(P<0.05);GSEA富集分析结果显示,VSIG4主要在凋亡、趋化因子信号通路、细胞黏附分子等信号通路富集;VSIG4表达与M1巨噬细胞呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),而与M2巨噬细胞呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05);免疫印迹结果表明,肾癌细胞中VSIG4蛋白表达均高于人正常肾上皮细胞系。结论:VSIG4在ccRCC中高表达,且与预后呈负相关,可能成为ccRCC患者预后的生物标志物。

儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤CT诊断及误诊分析

目的 分析儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤(CCSK)的影像表现,对本病影像学与临床表现加以总结,探究误诊因素,提高对本病认知度,提升诊断符合率。方法 对河南省儿童医院由病理确诊11名CCSK患者的影像资料展开回顾分析,全部患儿皆行CT扫描,对其影像与临床表现加以总结,并对误诊因素展开分析。结果 肿瘤皆是单侧发病,其中5例为右肾,6例为左肾,11例患儿发病年龄区间为5月9天至10岁,肿瘤多较大,密度混杂,均为单发,10例有囊变;9例肿瘤内见多发细小动脉,实性成分呈延迟渐进性强化,2例伴下腔静脉、同侧肾静脉癌栓。7例肾周血管充盈,骨转移与钙化灶分别为2例,包膜下积液1例。术前误诊10人,其中8人误诊为肾母细胞瘤(WT),1例误诊为先天性中胚叶肾瘤,1例误诊为肾脏横纹肌样瘤。结论 在影像表现上,CCSK和其它儿童肾肿瘤尤其是肾母细胞瘤高度接近,术前误诊几率高,发病年龄小,具不良预后,病程进展快,易发生囊变、坏死,增强肿瘤内多发细小动脉、延迟渐进性强化,还有鱼肉状、虎斑状、条纹状或者云絮状强化,肾周血管充盈多见,有助于与其他肾肿瘤相鉴别。

cM0(i+)分期诊断标准在局限性肾癌中的临床价值研究

目的验证cM0(i+)分期诊断标准在局限性肾癌(LRCC)中的临床作用。方法收集2015年5月至2021年11月西安交通大学第二附属医院泌尿外科行手术治疗的LRCC患者的数据资料作为验证集,对术后循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)检测数据进行Kaplan-Meier分析和Log-rank检验,并进行单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,验证其与LRCC患者术后无进展生存期(PFS)的相关性。使用时间依赖的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对cM0(i+)分期的区分度进行评价。构建列线图对LRCC患者的预后进行预测。使用SPSS 26.0软件及R Studio软件完成以上分析,显著性水平P<0.05时,差异有统计学意义。结果在LRCC患者中,Kaplan-Meier分析显示cM0(i+)分期患者的PFS明显短于对照组(P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,cM0(i+)分期是LRCC术后进展的独立危险因素,其预测区分度ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.832(0.737~0.926)。依据cM0(i+)分期和临床病理特征建立的列线图,其AUC为0.914(0.893~0.935)。结论cM0(i+)分期是LRCC患者术后进展的独立危险因素,能够较为准确地区分出PFS较短的人群。依据cM0(i+)分期和患者临床病理特征建立的列线图,对LRCC患者的预后具备良好的预测作用。

肾细胞癌头皮转移一例

头皮发生的肾细胞癌转移较少见,本文报道一例。患者,男,57岁,头顶肿物渐增大半年,6年前行左肾癌根治术。皮肤病理结合免疫组化示:肾细胞癌转移。术后半年随访,在头皮原皮损旁出现新的肿瘤皮损。