一种基于多层次校验的低恢复成本纠删码

随着纠删码在分布式存储系统中的实际应用,纠删码为存储系统提供了更加优秀的存储效率,但当节点丢失时,相较于传统副本技术更多的网络传输带宽开销成为了造成系统性能瓶颈的关键因素。为了解决MDS编码高带宽开销对系统性能的影响,一类新型编码方案——分组码被应用在分布式存储系统中,相较于传统MDS编码能够有效地降低节点修复时的数据传输量,从而减少网络带宽需求。在Pyramid分组码的基础上进行层次扩展,提出一种HLRC(hierarchical local repair codes)纠删码。HLRC相较于LRC引入了层次编码模型,将原始数据块构建为编码矩阵,根据层次进行分别编码,生成包含数据块范围不同的局部校验块;每个层次包含的数据块数量不同,可以保证修复节点时的低修复成本,同时还拥有较高的存储效率。HLRC相较于Pyramid拥有额外的校验块冗余,能够降低校验块出错和多节点出错时的恢复开销。在基于Ceph的分布式存储系统中的实验结果表明,HLRC与Pyramid等分组码相比,单节点修复开销最高可降低48.56%,多节点修复开销最高可降低25%。

Locally Minimum Storage Regenerating Codes in Distributed Cloud Storage Systems

In distributed cloud storage systems, inevitably there exist multiple node failures at the same time. The existing methods of regenerating codes, including minimum storage regenerating(MSR) codes and minimum bandwidth regenerating(MBR) codes, are mainly to repair one single or several failed nodes, unable to meet the repair need of distributed cloud storage systems. In this paper, we present locally minimum storage regenerating(LMSR) codes to recover multiple failed nodes at the same time. Specifically, the nodes in distributed cloud storage systems are divided into multiple local groups, and in each local group(4, 2) or(5, 3) MSR codes are constructed. Moreover, the grouping method of storage nodes and the repairing process of failed nodes in local groups are studied. Theoretical analysis shows that LMSR codes can achieve the same storage overhead as MSR codes. Furthermore, we verify by means of simulation that, compared with MSR codes, LMSR codes can reduce the repair bandwidth and disk I/O overhead effectively.

基于非均匀循环编码的分组修复码构造

考虑到实际分布式存储系统中节点故障情况的多样性,该文提出一种基于非均匀循环编码的分组修复码(GRCNCC),使高故障率节点得到更有效的保护。具体地,根据节点故障率对存储节点进行非均匀分组,将数据块依次存入长度递增的节点分组,再使用跨条带循环编码的思路生成组编码块和全局校验块。性能分析以及实验仿真表明,GRC-NCC虽然具有高于RS码的存储开销,但与RS码和重叠分组修复码相比,该方法在故障节点修复过程中具有较低的修复带宽开销和修复局部性,且在多节点故障修复过程中性能更优,容错性更好。