Background: Many women suffer from sexual problems after anal sphincter tears due to obstetric trauma. Aim: The study aimed to assess changes in sexual function after anal sphincter repair. Methods: The study was a no...Background: Many women suffer from sexual problems after anal sphincter tears due to obstetric trauma. Aim: The study aimed to assess changes in sexual function after anal sphincter repair. Methods: The study was a non-randomized prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion of the study was done at the University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between 2002 and 2007. Thirty-nine consecutive female patients admitted for anal sphincter repair were invited to the study. Twenty patients accepted and were included, four were lost to follow up and one was unevaluable (due to the formation of a stoma) leaving a study group of 15 patients. The patients were assessed with questionnaires before surgery and at three and 12 months after surgery. Outcomes: Change in reported sexual activity and dyspareunia. Results: Before surgery, 12/15 patients reported that their sexual life was impaired due to anal incontinence. The corresponding figure at 12 months was 9/15 (p = 0.43). Three patients remained sexually inactive throughout the study, five patients increased their sexual activity and one had decreased activity. Out of the 12 who were active, four stated dyspareunia at baseline, and only one reported dyspareunia at 12 months. The mean Miller incontinence scores at baseline and 12 months were 10.1 and 8.7, respectively. The change in incontinence score did not differ between those with decreased, stable or increased sexual activity. However, there was a definite correlation (r = 0.54 - 0.60, p 0.05) between change in sexual function and deferring time for stool. Clinical Implications: Operative management of anal sphincter tears alone is not curative for sexual problems due to anal incontinence but can be a part of the treatment. Strengths and Limitations: The study is a prospective study of sexual function. The limitations are that the questionnaires were not validated due to lack of such questionnaires at the time of the study and that the study population is quite small. Conclusion: Patients with a sphincter injury and fecal incontinence often have an impaired sexual function. Increased deferring time for stools after surgery increases the likelihood of improved sexual function.展开更多
目的探讨壮筋养血汤对Hepple分型Ⅰ、Ⅱ型距骨骨软骨损伤(osteochondral lesion of the talus,OLT)的临床疗效。方法选取2021年2月至2022年12月在杭州市萧山区中医院就诊的62例OLT患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对...目的探讨壮筋养血汤对Hepple分型Ⅰ、Ⅱ型距骨骨软骨损伤(osteochondral lesion of the talus,OLT)的临床疗效。方法选取2021年2月至2022年12月在杭州市萧山区中医院就诊的62例OLT患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各31例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合壮筋养血汤治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的血清基质金属蛋白酶13(matrix metalloproteinase 13,MMP-13)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、踝关节视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、美国足踝外科学会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分、中医证候积分及软骨修复组织磁共振观察(magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue,MOCART)评分。结果治疗后5周、3个月,两组患者的MMP-13、TNF-α、VAS评分、中医证候积分均显著低于本组治疗前,AOFAS踝-后足功能评分、MOCART评分均显著高于本组治疗前(P<0.05);观察组患者的MMP-13、TNF-α、中医证候积分均显著低于对照组,MOCART评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后5周,观察组患者的VAS评分显著低于对照组,AOFAS踝-后足功能评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论壮筋养血汤治疗Hepple分型Ⅰ、Ⅱ型OLT的近期疗效良好,其具有抗炎镇痛、改善关节功能和促进软骨修复的作用。展开更多
Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness;however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, re...Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness;however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, requiring the development of an effective approach for optic nerve repair, which has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of the small molecules 3BDO and trichostatin A(TSA)—which regulate mTOR and HDAC, respectively—packaged in thermosensitive hydrogel for 4-week-sustained release after intravitreal injection, effectively induced optic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury. Moreover, this combination of 3BDO and TSA also protected axon projections and improved visual responses in an old mouse model(11 months old) of glaucoma. Taken together, our data provide a new, local small molecule-based treatment for the effective induction of optic nerve repair, which may represent a foundation for the development of pharmacological methods to treat irreversible eye diseases.展开更多
文摘Background: Many women suffer from sexual problems after anal sphincter tears due to obstetric trauma. Aim: The study aimed to assess changes in sexual function after anal sphincter repair. Methods: The study was a non-randomized prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion of the study was done at the University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between 2002 and 2007. Thirty-nine consecutive female patients admitted for anal sphincter repair were invited to the study. Twenty patients accepted and were included, four were lost to follow up and one was unevaluable (due to the formation of a stoma) leaving a study group of 15 patients. The patients were assessed with questionnaires before surgery and at three and 12 months after surgery. Outcomes: Change in reported sexual activity and dyspareunia. Results: Before surgery, 12/15 patients reported that their sexual life was impaired due to anal incontinence. The corresponding figure at 12 months was 9/15 (p = 0.43). Three patients remained sexually inactive throughout the study, five patients increased their sexual activity and one had decreased activity. Out of the 12 who were active, four stated dyspareunia at baseline, and only one reported dyspareunia at 12 months. The mean Miller incontinence scores at baseline and 12 months were 10.1 and 8.7, respectively. The change in incontinence score did not differ between those with decreased, stable or increased sexual activity. However, there was a definite correlation (r = 0.54 - 0.60, p 0.05) between change in sexual function and deferring time for stool. Clinical Implications: Operative management of anal sphincter tears alone is not curative for sexual problems due to anal incontinence but can be a part of the treatment. Strengths and Limitations: The study is a prospective study of sexual function. The limitations are that the questionnaires were not validated due to lack of such questionnaires at the time of the study and that the study population is quite small. Conclusion: Patients with a sphincter injury and fecal incontinence often have an impaired sexual function. Increased deferring time for stools after surgery increases the likelihood of improved sexual function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32288102)。
文摘Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness;however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, requiring the development of an effective approach for optic nerve repair, which has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of the small molecules 3BDO and trichostatin A(TSA)—which regulate mTOR and HDAC, respectively—packaged in thermosensitive hydrogel for 4-week-sustained release after intravitreal injection, effectively induced optic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury. Moreover, this combination of 3BDO and TSA also protected axon projections and improved visual responses in an old mouse model(11 months old) of glaucoma. Taken together, our data provide a new, local small molecule-based treatment for the effective induction of optic nerve repair, which may represent a foundation for the development of pharmacological methods to treat irreversible eye diseases.
