The application of metamorphic testing(MT)on automatic program repair(APR-MT)is used to generate a patch without test oracles by examining whether the input metamorphic relation(MR)is satisfied or not.However,the deli...The application of metamorphic testing(MT)on automatic program repair(APR-MT)is used to generate a patch without test oracles by examining whether the input metamorphic relation(MR)is satisfied or not.However,the delivered patch is plausible since it may satisfy the input MR but violate other MRs.This inspires us to propose an improved approach to enhance the effectiveness of APR-MT with metamorphic relation group.Ourapproach involves three major steps.First,we formally define the repair process of APR-MT by building the model of automatic program repair and metamorphic testing separately.Then,we propose the advanced model of automatic program repair based on metamorphic relation group,named METARO^(3),which takes several MRs as input while only one MR is used in APR-MT.We additionally present two kinds of selection strategies to rank MRs in descending order of the fault detection capability,which helps shorten the repair time of finding a patch.To demonstrate the feasibility and procedure of our approach,an illustration example was conducted.The results show that METARO^(3) can improve the effectiveness of APR-MT significantly.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the factors associated with sensory and motor recovery after the repair of upper limb peripheral nerve injuries. DATA SOURCES： The online PubMed database was searched for English articles d...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the factors associated with sensory and motor recovery after the repair of upper limb peripheral nerve injuries. DATA SOURCES： The online PubMed database was searched for English articles describing outcomes after the repair of median, ulnar, radial, and digital nerve injuries in humans with a publication date between 1 January 1990 and 16 February 2011. STUDY SELECTION： The following types of article were selected： （1） clinical trials describ- ing the repair of median, ulnar, radial, and digital nerve injuries published in English; and （2） studies that reported sufficient patient information, including age, mechanism of injury, nerve injured, injury location, defect length, repair time, repair method, and repair materials. SPSS 13.0 software was used to perform univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and to in- vestigate the patient and intervention factors associated with outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Sensory function was assessed using the Mackinnon-Dellon scale and motor function was assessed using the manual muscle test. Satisfactory motor recovery was defined as grade M4 or M5, and satisfactory sensory recovery was defined as grade S3＋ or S4. RESULTS： Seventy-one articles were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that repair time, repair materials, and nerve injured were inde- pendent predictors of outcome after the repair of nerve injuries （P 〈 0.05）, and that the nerve injured was the main factor affecting the rate of good to excellent recovery. CONCLUSION： Predictors of outcome after the repair of peripheral nerve injuries include age, gender, repair time, repair materials, nerve injured, defect length, and duration of follow-up.展开更多
针对修复浮点程序中的精度缺陷的问题,从精度缺陷修复的基础理论和表达式变换方向,提出一种浮点程序精度缺陷修复方法,用以提升浮点计算的准确性。所提方法以浮点程序作为输入,首先,提出一种取样-替换-分类的方法,对特定精度的操作进行...针对修复浮点程序中的精度缺陷的问题,从精度缺陷修复的基础理论和表达式变换方向,提出一种浮点程序精度缺陷修复方法,用以提升浮点计算的准确性。所提方法以浮点程序作为输入,首先,提出一种取样-替换-分类的方法,对特定精度的操作进行筛选隔离;然后,进行函数之间的嵌入,再通过一组表达式间的转换规则以及变量间的映射方法重组表达式,生成具有更多重写可能性的表达式;其次,使用FPtool处理生成的表达式,再使用Herbie重写处理后的浮点表达式;最后,经过多次迭代生成比初始程序浮点计算精度更高的目标程序。在GSL(GNU Scientific Library)的10个函数上进行实验,实验结果表明,以误差小于1 ULP(Unit at the Last Place)的比例为指标,所提方法优化后的平均占比提升了5.20%。展开更多
基金The work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61772423).
文摘The application of metamorphic testing(MT)on automatic program repair(APR-MT)is used to generate a patch without test oracles by examining whether the input metamorphic relation(MR)is satisfied or not.However,the delivered patch is plausible since it may satisfy the input MR but violate other MRs.This inspires us to propose an improved approach to enhance the effectiveness of APR-MT with metamorphic relation group.Ourapproach involves three major steps.First,we formally define the repair process of APR-MT by building the model of automatic program repair and metamorphic testing separately.Then,we propose the advanced model of automatic program repair based on metamorphic relation group,named METARO^(3),which takes several MRs as input while only one MR is used in APR-MT.We additionally present two kinds of selection strategies to rank MRs in descending order of the fault detection capability,which helps shorten the repair time of finding a patch.To demonstrate the feasibility and procedure of our approach,an illustration example was conducted.The results show that METARO^(3) can improve the effectiveness of APR-MT significantly.
基金supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program),No.2012A A020507985 Program of Sun Yat-sen University,No.90035-3283312+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20120171120075Doctoral Start-up Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.S201204006336
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the factors associated with sensory and motor recovery after the repair of upper limb peripheral nerve injuries. DATA SOURCES： The online PubMed database was searched for English articles describing outcomes after the repair of median, ulnar, radial, and digital nerve injuries in humans with a publication date between 1 January 1990 and 16 February 2011. STUDY SELECTION： The following types of article were selected： （1） clinical trials describ- ing the repair of median, ulnar, radial, and digital nerve injuries published in English; and （2） studies that reported sufficient patient information, including age, mechanism of injury, nerve injured, injury location, defect length, repair time, repair method, and repair materials. SPSS 13.0 software was used to perform univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and to in- vestigate the patient and intervention factors associated with outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Sensory function was assessed using the Mackinnon-Dellon scale and motor function was assessed using the manual muscle test. Satisfactory motor recovery was defined as grade M4 or M5, and satisfactory sensory recovery was defined as grade S3＋ or S4. RESULTS： Seventy-one articles were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that repair time, repair materials, and nerve injured were inde- pendent predictors of outcome after the repair of nerve injuries （P 〈 0.05）, and that the nerve injured was the main factor affecting the rate of good to excellent recovery. CONCLUSION： Predictors of outcome after the repair of peripheral nerve injuries include age, gender, repair time, repair materials, nerve injured, defect length, and duration of follow-up.
文摘针对修复浮点程序中的精度缺陷的问题,从精度缺陷修复的基础理论和表达式变换方向,提出一种浮点程序精度缺陷修复方法,用以提升浮点计算的准确性。所提方法以浮点程序作为输入,首先,提出一种取样-替换-分类的方法,对特定精度的操作进行筛选隔离;然后,进行函数之间的嵌入,再通过一组表达式间的转换规则以及变量间的映射方法重组表达式,生成具有更多重写可能性的表达式;其次,使用FPtool处理生成的表达式,再使用Herbie重写处理后的浮点表达式;最后,经过多次迭代生成比初始程序浮点计算精度更高的目标程序。在GSL(GNU Scientific Library)的10个函数上进行实验,实验结果表明,以误差小于1 ULP(Unit at the Last Place)的比例为指标,所提方法优化后的平均占比提升了5.20%。
