Hybrid Neural Network for Automatic Recovery of Elliptical Chinese Quantity Noun Phrases

In Mandarin Chinese,when the noun head appears in the context,a quantity noun phrase can be reduced to a quantity phrase with the noun head omitted.This phrase structure is called elliptical quantity noun phrase.The automatic recovery of elliptical quantity noun phrase is crucial in syntactic parsing,semantic representation and other downstream tasks.In this paper,we propose a hybrid neural network model to identify the semantic category for elliptical quantity noun phrases and realize the recovery of omitted semantics by supplementing concept categories.Firstly,we use BERT to generate character-level vectors.Secondly,Bi-LSTM is applied to capture the context information of each character and compress the input into the context memory history.Then CNN is utilized to capture the local semantics of n-grams with various granularities.Based on the Chinese Abstract Meaning Representation(CAMR)corpus and Xinhua News Agency corpus,we construct a hand-labeled elliptical quantity noun phrase dataset and carry out the semantic recovery of elliptical quantity noun phrase on this dataset.The experimental results show that our hybrid neural network model can effectively improve the performance of the semantic complement for the elliptical quantity noun phrases.

The Formation of Simplex Nouns in Urban Hijazi Arabic: A Distributed Morphology Approach

This paper investigates the structure of the simplex nouns in Hijazi Arabic following the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework. It is argued that simplex nouns are derived in the syntax from neutral root and morphosyntactic features in the same way phrases are. All nouns in Hijazi Arabic (HA) must inflect for gender and number. Moreover, all nouns can attach to the definite article al-“the”. Hence, it is proposed that the functional heads (n)ominaliser,(Gen)der,(Num)ber, and (D)eterminer respectively c-command the neutral root and host the relevant feature value.

A Review of the Semantic Interpretation of Bare Noun Phrases

Bare noun phrases are difined as noun phrases without determiners.Since Carlson(1977),bare noun phrases,as a special category of noun phrases have been arousing great interest in the field of linguistics.A lot of studies have been conducted by scholars both home and abroad.Opinions can be achieved into different approaches.This present paper summarizes the accomplishment in the semantic interpretation of bare noun phrases in languages,esp in English and Chinese in order to provide a general introduction to the problems related to and the research prospect of bare noun phrases.

Tendency of Modifiers in English Noun Phrases from the Perspective of Cognition

There are both premodifiers and postmodifiers English noun phrases.Premodifiers and postmodifiers can be change able along with the adjustments of human cognition.It discusses the cognitive foundation of transformation between postmodifi ers and premodifiers in English noun phrases so as to find out the cognitive reason behind linguistic structure.

The Structure of a Noun Phrase in Ezha, Ethio-Semitic

This article is meant to provide a descriptive account of a noun phrase in the Ezha language. By so doing, no particular theoretical assumption is adhered to; the data analysis is dictated by a purely descriptive perspective. Data for the study were accessed by consulting native speakers through elicitation augmented by recording of spontaneous speech. A noun phrase in Ezha is found out to be built out of a head noun alone or a head noun together with (a) dependent(s). In situations where a noun phrase is made up of a head noun along with dependents, the dependents can be a noun, an adjective, a numeral, a demonstrative and/or a relative clause. The phrase is always head-final.

The Semantic Comparison between Bare Noun Phrases in English and in Chinese

Since Carlson(1977), bare noun phrases(which willbe referred to as BNPs afterwards) have been a focus of linguistics in English. Gradually, the studies of bare noun phrase has also caught much attention in China. Despite of the extensive studies of BNPs in English and Chinese respectively, a systematic comparison between English and Chinese BNPs in semantic readings is still less developed. More detailed studies and comparisons are obviously desirable. Most linguists agree that the semantics of the predicates, syntactic distribution and pragmatic factors all have a role to play in determining the interpretation of BNPs. Thus the paper has systematically made a semantic comparison between English BNPs and Chinese BNPs in terms of different predicate types and different syntactic distributions following the four semantic readings of BNPs of Shen(2005), namely, generic reading, existential reading,definite reading and non-referential reading.

名词短语国外研究热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

名词短语作为重要词语组合之一,在神经科学、心理学、计算机科学等领域受到广泛关注,在语言学研究领域更是持续的热点,国外相关研究从1945年以来形成了气候,但是却没有相关研究综述。因此,以Web of Science核心集为数据来源,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace,从文献作者、研究机构、研究热点和前沿等方面,对1945-2022年期间关于名词短语研究的文献进行了可视化分析。研究表明:(1)国外名词短语研究广泛且分散,发文国家多,仅形成美国、英国和法国三个高中介中心型国家。中国起步晚,但发展迅速,已成为发文量前五国家之一;(2) Schriefers、Caramazza和Costa发文量多且已形成合作网络。中国作者中香港城市大学兰舸形成了一定的合作网络。Chomsky和Levelt文献影响力最大;(3)名词短语生成、词序、一致性、搭配、名词短语复杂性是名词短语研究的热门话题。高被引文献主题集中在名词短语生成和名词短语复杂性两个方面,代表名词短语研究前沿。

句法复杂度与日语母语者汉语应用文写作质量关系研究

以中高级水平日语母语者所写的汉语应用文(求职信)为研究对象,在句层面和短语层面分别设立3个测量指标,考察不同层面的句法复杂度指标与写作质量的关系。研究发现,句层面的3项话题链指标与写作成绩相关均不显著。在短语层面,复杂名词短语的总数、长度指标与成绩相关不显著,而比率指标与成绩显著相关,能够解释应用文成绩总变异的17.7%,达到中等效应量。这一结论证明了短语层面的复杂名词短语比率是预测应用文写作成绩的有效指标。

粘合式与组合式偏正结构的句法语义研究

学界以往通常将体词性偏正结构划分为粘合式与组合式,认为二者主要是组合方式不同。实际上,粘合式与组合式在本质上反映了定语与中心语不同的句法、语义关系。根据各自的语义角色,粘合式与组合式的定语成分进入DP短语的不同位置。粘合式定语生成在中心语的补足语位置,表达最本质的属性。组合式可以细分为三类,其中,“的”字结构作修饰语时,生成在中心语的附加语位置;指示词(+量词)、数词+量词、量化词,生成在限定词位置;领属语则可以出现在NP或DP的标示语位置上。这一句法设定与定语的线性语序排列要求一一对应。

基于建构主义理论下“俄语精读”翻转课堂教学模式研究

建构主义理论观点“学习者主动建构自己的知识”和翻转课堂教学模式强调“以学生为中心”的教学理念相契合,将以建构主义理论为指导,在大学俄语专业俄语精读课程的翻转课堂教学模式下,研究使用“支架式”教学法帮助学生建构知识体系的方法和途径。并以俄语名词格专题为教学案例,详细直观展示翻转课堂教学模式下教学环节和思路。

民间济世文学中颜色词的隐喻效价研究——以《武当民间文学》为例

民间济世文学是我国传统文学中的重要组成部分。在民间济世文学中,颜色词被广泛应用于仙侠形象的塑造。该文以“概念隐喻理论”(Conceptual Metaphor Theory,简称CMT)为理论框架,以《武当民间文学》为例,通过实证研究发现:其一,颜色词和名词对颜色词词组隐喻意义的构建均有显著影响,但颜色词的影响更大。其二,民间济世文学中常用颜色词的隐喻效价呈现等级性,即“紫”“金”“青”的隐喻效价高于“黑”“白”“黄”;其三,颜色和颜色词词组的常见程度及颜色词象征意义的多样程度与颜色词的隐喻效价成反比。这一结果说明人们对颜色的认知受物理环境和心理环境的影响,同时也证实传统文学对中国文化的深远影响。

基于语料库的应用语言学学术写作摘要的短语复杂度研究

部分的短语复杂度。研究表明,硕士研究生与专业写作者少用名词引导的补语小句作修饰语,多使用定语形容词和名词作前置修饰语和介词短语作后置修饰语。此外,在所有名词短语修饰语使用中,硕士研究生在使用名词前置修饰语和of短语修饰语时显著多于专业写作者,而在关系小句作修饰语的使用中显著少于专业写作者。

Preposition+Abstract Noun结构试析

作者主要对英语中"介词+抽象名词"这种结构进行了分析。发现:"介词+抽象名词"在句子中修饰动词时的功能=副词的功能;这种结构在翻译时与副词相似。作者还将这种结构与介词短语所构成的习语性副词短语进行了比较。

来自当地英文报纸的一些含有介词of的名词性短语

分八个部分给出一些由英语介词of构成的名词性短语,并附加简短的分析说明和必要的英中翻译。这些短语表达均是从加拿大多伦多当地的两份英文日报(24 Hours Toronto和Metro News Toronto)上的新闻报道中搜集来的一手资料。这些表达及其中of的用法对某些学英文的人来说可能是陌生的;因此,熟悉这些无疑会帮助他们更多地掌握地道英文。

不定式定语与of+-ing式定语

不定式结构和of+-ing式短语都可以做名词的后置定语,但是二者的使用是有一定限制的。文章从三个方面阐述了不定式结构和of+-ing式短语在做名词的后置定语时的应用及注意事项。

基于POA的语法教学原则及教学设计示例

语法教学一直是外语教学领域的热点话题,采用何种教学方法开展教学与语法观密切相关。本研究秉持构式语法的语言观,提出了三个基于“产出导向法”的语法教学原则,包括以交际意义为出发点、注重归纳与产出、高频复现目标构式。本研究以复合名词短语教学为例,展示三个语法教学原则在实际教学中的运用。

Stylistic Analysis on Online News Story Comments

This study examines stylistic features of the news story comments from major online news outlets and their possible ef fects on the evolution of the English language.With a corpus composed of 34 examples drawn from renowned news sites such as The Washington Post,The Economist,Wall Street Journal,CNN and NBC,a detailed analysis on the stylistic features and effects of the news story comments has been conducted for the purpose of discovering possible links between a poster’s linguistic behav ior and his thought process.The result shows that interrogative,noun phrase and verb phrase are commonly used in news story comments by virtue of their slightly ostentatious nature.Rhetorical devices such as metaphor,simile and parataxis are frequently employed among comments.And the relationship between a poster’s educational background and his postings is also touched up on at the end of this study.

现代汉语部分控制结构的句法分析

真性部分控制结构中的控制项是被控制项的子集,二者之间不是绝对等同的关系。跨语言分析表明,控制从句的空主语在句法语义上是复数的。鉴于汉语缺乏显性的一致性特征,汉语真性部分控制结构的句法生成可以在最简方案的理论框架下通过移位分析法来进行,其中的空主语在基础生成时是一个以零形D为中心语的并列名词短语,内并列项是空语类pro,而外并列项是显性的DP,后者通过移位成为主句的控制项。

官话名词及名词性短语研究综述

官话方言语法因其具有浓郁的地方特色一直受到学界关注,但在众多研究成果中对官话中名词及名词性短语的研究稍显薄弱。通过对前四十年官话名词及名词性短语研究的考察,发现学者们的成果从研究对象上看,主要集中在中原官话区和西南官话区的名词及名词性短语研究;从研究内容上看,学者们对名词词法问题和人称代词及领属结构问题更为关注。

中美作者英语科技论文中名词短语复杂度对比研究

分别选取Nature期刊中美作者55和50篇科技论文自建语料库,采用Biber等人提出的写作发展能力指标,对比分析中国作者和美国作者科技论文名词短语复杂度。研究发现:1)在使用名词短语前置修饰语和后置修饰语的整体模式上,中国作者使用前置修饰语的次数显著高于美国作者;2)受母语迁移影响,中国作者使用关系小句、名词、介词短语做名词短语修饰语的复杂度逊色于美国作者。该研究能够为中国作者科技论文写作提供一定的启示。