Sexual Dimorphism and Female Reproductive Characteristics of Rana guentheri

[ Objective ] This paper aimed to study the sexual dimorphism of Rana guentheri. [ Method ] Sixty-seven Rana guentheri were collected in Zhaoqing ar- ea to measure their morphological indexes, count the brood amount of female Rana guentheri and study sexual dimorphism and female reproductive characteristics . [Result] The average snout-vent length of male Rana guentheri was （75.07 ± 1.21 ） mm and the average snout-vent length of female Rana guentheri was （78.67 ± 1.23 ） mm. The snout-vent length and weight of female Rana guentheri were significantly different from that of male Rana guentheri, which illustrated that snout-vent length and body weight of Rana gttentheri had significant sexual dimorphism. The sexual dimorphism index was 0.05. The Local morphological inde- xes of Rana guentheri were positively related with the snout-vent length. The average brood amount of female Rana guentheri was 4 916. The snout-vent length and body weight were positively related with the brood amount of female Rana guentheri. [ Conclusion] Rana guentheri in Zhaoqing area had obvious sexual dimor- phism.

Morphometric Characteristics and Reproductive Performance of Pasundan Cattle in the North Prianganese and Southern South Coast Region

This study aims to determine the morphometric characteristics and reproductive performance of Pasundan cows which are extensively reared on smallholder farms in the coastal areas of the south(Garut,Cianjur,and Sukabumi)and North Priangan(Bogor,Purwakarta,and Sumedang).This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach.Production characterization was carried out using a simple method,namely by measuring the body surface including shoulder height,chest circumference,body length,and bodyweight of Pasundan cattle.Meanwhile,the reproductive characteristics discuss puberty,service per conception(S/C),conception rate(CR),calving rate,postpartum estrus,postpartum mating,days open(DO),calving interval(CI),calving birth weight,calving rate,and calves weight growth.Data were collected by survey,and the location was determined by purposive sampling in the area of the seed source with the largest population and the random sampling of livestock was determined purposively as many as 30 Pasundan cows from each region.Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis.The results showed that the morphometric characteristics of Pasundan cattle included mean shoulder height of 123.00±3.06a cm VS 121.34±2.82a in males and 110.34±2.78 vs 108.00±2.14a in females.Body length 115.74±3.30 cm VS 115.34±2.97acm in males and 112.67±2.97cm VS 109.67±1.82 cm in females.Chest circumference 145.67±2.97cm VS 142.67±2.67cm bulls and 136.00±2.95cm VS 131.00±2.92cm in females,Bodyweight 268.0±17.00 kg VS 246.00±7.00a for males and 215.0±15.00 kg VS 194.00±54.00kg in females.As for reproductive characteristics,it shows puberty of 20-24 months.,S/C 1.4-1.6,Conception rate 65-70%,calving rate 62.5-65%,Postpartum Estrus 50-60 days,postpartum mating 72-104 days,day-open 94-126 days and a calving interval of 12-14 months.Calves'birth weight was 18.0-18.5 kg and daily body weight gain ranged from 0.48 to 0.50 kg.It was concluded that the morphometric characteristics and reproductive performance of Pasundan cattle in the Pesisir Selatan area were better than North Priangan.

Characteristics of management of reproductive endocrine problems in female patients

In 1956, my former Head and Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology KT LIM, asked me to take the initiative to establish a reproductive endocrinology unit. As China is a developing country, we were then short of diagnostic facilities and therapeutic agents. We can learn basic knowledge and clinical experiences from the literature, but hormonal preparations were expensive and generally most of our patients were poor. We needed to find simpler, inexpensive and yet effective ways to treat our patients. In a word, we had to develop our own way.……

Seasonal changes in sperm parameters, testicular histology and circulating levels of reproductive hormones in the male African straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)

Objective: To investigate seasonal changes in some reproductive characteristics of the male African straw-colored fruit bat [Eidolon (E.) helvum] in a tropical rain forest area of South-East Nigeria.Methods: Spermatozoal characteristics in the testes and cauda epididymides, testicular histology, and the circulating levels of the reproductive hormones, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were evaluated in male bats captured in late January (peak dry season), late May (early rainy season) and late September (late rainy season) of 2019. The bats were captured in Obiagu community in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance. Results: There were high serum concentrations of testosterone in early and late rainy season and of luteinizing hormone in early rainy season, but the concentrations of both hormones were low during peak dry season. These hormonal changes corresponded with the testicular seminiferous and spermatogenic activities and testicular and epididymal sperm concentrations, which were also maximal during early and late rainy season but minimal during peak dry season. Epididymal sperm motility and vitality were also high in early and late rainy season but low in peak dry season, while sperm morphological abnormalities were low in early and late rainy season but elevated in peak dry season. There was histological evidence that spermatogenesis did not cease completely during testis regression, but continued at a reduced rate during the dry season. Conclusions: The findings do not support concurrent epididymal sperm storage with testis regression in E. helvum. Altogether, these indicate that seasonal changes significantly alter sperm characteristics, testicular histology and circulating levels of reproductive hormones in E. helvum within the study area.