New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.

Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

Postnatal development of rat retina:a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development

The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.

Research on the Development of Smart Animal Husbandry in Beijing

With the rapid development of agricultural science and technology,animal husbandry,as an important pillar in the field of agriculture,is gradually moving towards a new era of smart animal husbandry with the deep integration of informatization and digitalization.This transformation not only breaks through the traditional production mode of animal husbandry,but also promotes it to a new form under the Internet ecology,draws a new blueprint for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry,and gives birth to numerous potential business opportunities for the development of new agriculture.However,the practice and promotion of smart animal husbandry is not a smooth road,and many challenges and problems need to be solved urgently.On the basis of an in-depth investigation of the development status of smart animal husbandry in Beijing,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current problems,including the difficulty of technology integration,the lack of talent reserve,and the need to improve the policy environment.In view of these problems,it puts forward a series of practical suggestions,in order to speed up the development of animal husbandry in Beijing to the direction of smart development,and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)within patients with cancer,known as cancer-associated thrombosis(CAT),stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population.Over recent years,the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types,influenced by several factors such as patient management,tumor-specific risks,and treatment-related aspects.Furthermore,mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes.We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT.This review elucidates the risks,mechanisms,reliable markers,and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.

Knowledge mapping of research on sustainable utilization of landscape resources:a case study of Guilin National Innovation Demonstration Zone for sustainable development in China

Worldwide interest has increasingly focused on the sustainable utilization of landscape as a resource in urban areas,emphasizing its ecological,cultural and social significance.This study examines Guilin City,China,as a representative case study due to its rich landscape resources and status as a national innovation demonstration zone for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study uses bibliometric visualization tools like CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze research trends from 1980 to 2021 in the Chinese Academic Journal Network Publishing Database(CNKI).The results show increasing academic interest over three stages:initiation(1982-1997),exploration(1998-2004),and diversified development(2005-2021).Contributions are predominantly from local academic and tourism sectors,indicating a strong regional influence;however,relatively weak interinstitutional collaboration occurs,suggesting potential for more integrated research efforts.Primary research is also concentrated within economic disciplines,particularly tourism-related ones.The evolution of research frontiers reveals three main paths:urban development strategies,industrial economic theories and empirical validation,and ecosystem analysis and evaluation.A multidisciplinary approach and stronger collaborative efforts are crucial to enhance research on ecological values and empirical models while supporting evidence-based urban development strategies in Guilin City and comparable cities globally.

Research,application and development of inorganic binder for casting process

Inorganic binder used in casting process has the advantages of low odor,labor-friendly conditions,and relatively low cost,which is one of the main development directions for casting molding materials in the future.However,compared to organic binders(such as resin binders),inorganic binders exhibit lower bonding strength and are more sensitive to environmental humidity.This sensitivity poses challenges,particularly in the reclamation of used sand,thus limiting their broader application.In this paper,the research and application status of inorganic binders(mainly silicate inorganic binders)and their curing methods are summarized.In addition,the research and application of phosphate inorganic binders and 3D printing inorganic binders that are being developed are introduced.Meanwhile,a detailed comparative analysis is conducted on the challenging issue of“reclamation for used sand”in the application of inorganic binders.Finally,the development direction of inorganic binders is clarified.

Exploration and Research on the Development of Higher Vocational English Education in Guangxi

With the acceleration of economic development and globalization and the rapid development of China’s foreign economy,the position of English education in higher vocational education has become increasingly prominent.Particularly in the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,higher vocational education undertakes the responsibility of talent export for the construction of the China-ASEAN foreign trade exchange platform.However,the current phenomena and problems existing in higher vocational English education in Guangxi need to be deeply discussed and solved.Therefore,this paper discusses the development ideas of English education mode in Guangxi higher vocational education and studies the feasibility suggestions,in order to provide a reference for the future development of higher vocational English education in Guangxi.

Research progress and potential of new enhanced oil recovery methods in oilfield development

This paper reviews the basic research means for oilfield development and also the researches and tests of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods for mature oilfields and continental shale oil development,analyzes the problems of EOR methods,and proposes the relevant research prospects.The basic research means for oilfield development include in-situ acquisition of formation rock/fluid samples and non-destructive testing.The EOR methods for conventional and shale oil development are classified as improved water flooding(e.g.nano-water flooding),chemical flooding(e.g.low-concentration middle-phase micro-emulsion flooding),gas flooding(e.g.micro/nano bubble flooding),thermal recovery(e.g.air injection thermal-aided miscible flooding),and multi-cluster uniform fracturing/water-free fracturing,which are discussed in this paper for their mechanisms,approaches,and key technique researches and field tests.These methods have been studied with remarkable progress,and some achieved ideal results in field tests.Nonetheless,some problems still exist,such as inadequate research on mechanisms,imperfect matching technologies,and incomplete industrial chains.It is proposed to further strengthen the basic researches and expand the field tests,thereby driving the formation,promotion and application of new technologies.

Research on the Impact and Opportunities of the Digital Economy Promoting the Development of Real Economy

The digital economy has infused vitality into the transformation and development of the real economy,urging enterprises to break through core technological barriers,address bottleneck issues,and improve their core competitiveness.It fosters the comprehensive digital transformation of agriculture,manufacturing,and service sectors,improving the dynamism of the real economy and fostering more consumption hotspots.Efforts are underway to enhance industrial supply chains and innovation chains,optimize regional resource allocation,and promote a virtuous cycle within the real economy.Initiatives are being undertaken to standardize the development of digital economic platforms,promote the high-quality development of regional economies,and leverage the advantages of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.

Research on Creation Strategies of Picture Books for Children’s Cognitive and Imaginative Development

This paper discusses the creation strategies of picture books for children’s cognitive and imaginative development,and proposes that picture book creation should closely focus on the needs of children’s cognitive and imaginative development.Through analysis,this paper summarizes the effective strategies in the creation of picture books,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the design of children’s picture books,and further promote the comprehensive development of children’s cognitive and imaginative abilities.

Measurement and Strategy Research on the Green Development Level for the New Energy Vehicle Industry in Chongqing City

This article takes 2016-2022 as the inspection period to construct an evaluation index system for the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry.The entropy method and comprehensive index are used to measure the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing,and compared with neighboring provinces such as Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing City.

Research and development trends in plant growth regulators

Continued population growth and limited land availability will facilitate the utilization of plant growth regulators(PGRs)in sustainable agriculture to enhance crop yields.The PGRs industry has progressed significantly from 2003 to 2022,resulting in a surge of research activities in the field of PGRs.However,the existing studies lack the exploration of the industry trends,as well as the challenges and opportunities for innovation in PGR development.Here,we analyze the dynamic trends within the PGR industry by examining key factors such as the PGR market,patent applications,scientific papers,and PGRs registrations from 2003 to 2022.Additionally,we investigate the specific effects of major agrochemicals on plants.These data will provide essential insights into the ongoing evolution and future trends of PGRs.Importantly,it is crucial to actively pursue research and development(R&D)of a broader range of PGRs to respond to the current needs of the PGR market and drive further growth therein.

Did pediatric drug development advance epilepsy treatment in young patients?It is time for new research goals

Modern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ages.However,for young people with epilepsy,the framework of drug development has stalled.In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe,the misconception emerged that for people<18 years of age drugs,including antiseizure medications(ASMs),need separate proof of efficacy and safety,overall called"pediatric drug development".For ASMs,this has changed to some degree.Authorities now accept that ASMs are effective in<18 years as well,but they still require"extrapolation of efficacy,"as if minors were another species.As a result,some of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was unnecessary.Even more importantly,this has hampered research on meaningful research goals.We do not need to confirm that ASMs work before as they do after the 18th birthday.Instead,we need to learn how to prevent brain damage in young patients by preventing seizures and optimize ASMs’uses.Herein we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.

Research Progress on Career Development of Nursing Staff

There are few studies on career development as an exclusive concept in the field of nursing in China.Currently,research related to the career development of nursing staff primarily relies on inductive evaluation tools,and there is less systematic summarization of this research.This paper reviews the concept,evaluation tools,and influencing factors of nursing career development,aiming to provide a reference for future research in this area.

Research on the Development Path and Mechanism of“Double-Qualified”Teachers in Private Universities Under the Background of Digital Transformation

This article explores the development path and mechanism of“double-qualified”teachers in private universities under digital transformation.Through literature review,theoretical analysis,and other research methods,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the impact of digital technology on the development of“double-qualified”teachers in private colleges and universities and puts forward corresponding strategies and suggestions.Research shows that digital transformation provides new opportunities and challenges for developing“double-qualified”teachers in private colleges and universities.To adapt to this trend,teachers must continuously improve their digital skills,and schools should establish a complete incentive mechanism and evaluation system,strengthen school-enterprise cooperation and the integration of industry and education to promote the comprehensive development of“double-qualified”teachers,and provide a useful guideline for private universities to promote the development of“double-qualified”teachers in digital transformation.

Research on the Development Strategy of Smart Tourism in Hainan Under the Background of Big Data

Hainan is a major tourist province.It is urgent to promote the transformation and upgrading of Hainan’s tourism industry from a traditional service industry to a modern service industry by means of informatization.Smart tourism is a brand-new tourism form and operation mode of tourism transformation and upgrading.Integrating big data technology will make smart tourism more accurate in three aspects:tourism management,tourism service,and tourism marketing,and further enhance the satisfaction of the tourism experience.This paper studies the development status of smart tourism in Hainan,deeply summarizes its existing problems and causes,and puts forward the development strategy of smart tourism in Hainan to promote the healthy development of the tourism industry in Hainan.

Research on Smart Logistics Development Based on Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology has been incorporated into the field of next-generation information infrastructure in China and is experiencing rapid development.Utilizing blockchain and other emerging technologies to develop intelligent logistics is essential for logistics enterprises to reduce costs,enhance efficiency,and improve quality.By analyzing and summarizing the issues within the development of China’s logistics industry,this paper discusses its growth from three perspectives:policy,technology,and industry.

Research on the Development Path of Green Marine Economy in the Era of Ecological Civilization

This article explores the development path of the green marine economy in the era of ecological civilization.It highlights the importance of developing a green marine economy and how it has become a global consensus.The article suggests that China should take proactive measures to optimize its marine industrial structure,promote marine scientific and technological innovation,strengthen marine resource protection and environmental governance,and enhance the competitiveness of the marine economy.The ultimate objective is to achieve sustainable development of the ocean,expand the blue economic space,and accomplish the goal of green marine economic development.

Research on the Interactive Impact of Transportation Systems on Socio-Economic Development

This paper aims to explore the interactive impact between transportation systems and socio-economic development,employing Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)to analyze data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022.It comprehensively considers key indicators from the economic,social,and transportation sectors.The paper constructs a model encompassing 5 latent variables and 15 observed variables.Through in-depth analysis,it reveals the promoting role of transportation systems on economic growth and social development,as well as the demand for transportation system construction and optimization driven by socio-economic development levels.The results indicate that an efficient transportation system can not only directly drive economic growth but also indirectly promote social development by improving social welfare and enhancing quality of life.This paper provides new insights into understanding the complex relationship between transportation systems and socio-economic development and holds significant implications for policymakers in optimizing transportation infrastructure to foster economic and social development.