Introduction EQUATOR Network provides unique access to collated expertise and resources for good reporting of health research, The resources are aimed at researchers （authors of research articles）, journal editors, ...Introduction EQUATOR Network provides unique access to collated expertise and resources for good reporting of health research, The resources are aimed at researchers （authors of research articles）, journal editors, peer reviewers, and developers of reporting guidelines,展开更多
We conducted the research on the calculation of the Jordan normal form of a matrixfrom 1993 to 1998.In this period,we obtained some theoretical results,also developedand implemented a series of algorithms for the theo...We conducted the research on the calculation of the Jordan normal form of a matrixfrom 1993 to 1998.In this period,we obtained some theoretical results,also developedand implemented a series of algorithms for the theoretical results.Now this research iscompleted to some degree.The Golub-Wilkinson’s ProblemComputing the Jordan decomposition of a matrix,introduced by G.H.Golub and J.展开更多
With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe k...With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe kept far away from war" through promoting regional integration.展开更多
The collection of folk songs and odes for the Book of Poetry(Shih-ching/Shijing) was in nature a social research project in ancient China.This paper studies the Book of Poetry as a research report,probing into the bac...The collection of folk songs and odes for the Book of Poetry(Shih-ching/Shijing) was in nature a social research project in ancient China.This paper studies the Book of Poetry as a research report,probing into the background of the assignment of poetry functionaries as researchers,relevant geographic information and time span,relevant social production and life,the logic of the research,and the social value of the research.As a social research report,the Book of Poetry is of documentary significance to various academic fields.展开更多
English writing has always been one of the main methods to measure English levels. In the Western academic field, the writing of academic essays is widely used in higher education to assess students' comprehension...English writing has always been one of the main methods to measure English levels. In the Western academic field, the writing of academic essays is widely used in higher education to assess students' comprehension of the course material and to demonstrate students' academic and research levels. Based on Swales' and Bhatia's approaches, the move analysis is combined with the analysis of linguistic features — lexical and cohesive devices to analyse the research report introduction in order to show the necessity of including discourse analysis into teaching English writing. Based on this analysis, suggested applications for language teaching are put forward.展开更多
Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step app...Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step approach is used:(1) To identify the characteristics of literature that make it adequate to support policy;(2) to show how each of these characteristics becomes degraded to make inadequate literature;(3) to identify incentives to prevent inadequate literature; and(4) to show policy implications of inadequate literature.Findings: This review has provided reasons for, and examples of, adverse health effects of myriad substances(1) being under-reported in the premiere biomedical literature, or(2) entering this literature in distorted form. Since there is no way to gauge the extent of this under/distorted-reporting, the quality and credibility of the ‘premiere’ biomedical literature is unknown. Therefore, any types of meta-analyses or scientometric analyses of this literaturewill have unknown quality and credibility. The most sophisticated scientometric analysis cannot compensate for a highly flawed database.Research limitations: The main limitation is in identifying examples of under-reporting. There are many incentives for under-reporting and few dis-incentives.Practical implications: Almost all research publications, addressing causes of disease, treatments for disease, diagnoses for disease, scientometrics of disease and health issues, and other aspects of healthcare, build upon previous healthcare-related research published. Many researchers will not have laboratories or other capabilities to replicate or validate the published research, and depend almost completely on the integrity of this literature. If the literature is distorted, then future research can be misguided, and health policy recommendations can be ineffective or worse.Originality/value: This review has examined a much wider range of technical and nontechnical causes for under-reporting of adverse events in the biomedical literature than previous studies.展开更多
文摘Introduction EQUATOR Network provides unique access to collated expertise and resources for good reporting of health research, The resources are aimed at researchers （authors of research articles）, journal editors, peer reviewers, and developers of reporting guidelines,
文摘We conducted the research on the calculation of the Jordan normal form of a matrixfrom 1993 to 1998.In this period,we obtained some theoretical results,also developedand implemented a series of algorithms for the theoretical results.Now this research iscompleted to some degree.The Golub-Wilkinson’s ProblemComputing the Jordan decomposition of a matrix,introduced by G.H.Golub and J.
文摘With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe kept far away from war" through promoting regional integration.
文摘The collection of folk songs and odes for the Book of Poetry(Shih-ching/Shijing) was in nature a social research project in ancient China.This paper studies the Book of Poetry as a research report,probing into the background of the assignment of poetry functionaries as researchers,relevant geographic information and time span,relevant social production and life,the logic of the research,and the social value of the research.As a social research report,the Book of Poetry is of documentary significance to various academic fields.
文摘English writing has always been one of the main methods to measure English levels. In the Western academic field, the writing of academic essays is widely used in higher education to assess students' comprehension of the course material and to demonstrate students' academic and research levels. Based on Swales' and Bhatia's approaches, the move analysis is combined with the analysis of linguistic features — lexical and cohesive devices to analyse the research report introduction in order to show the necessity of including discourse analysis into teaching English writing. Based on this analysis, suggested applications for language teaching are put forward.
文摘Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step approach is used:(1) To identify the characteristics of literature that make it adequate to support policy;(2) to show how each of these characteristics becomes degraded to make inadequate literature;(3) to identify incentives to prevent inadequate literature; and(4) to show policy implications of inadequate literature.Findings: This review has provided reasons for, and examples of, adverse health effects of myriad substances(1) being under-reported in the premiere biomedical literature, or(2) entering this literature in distorted form. Since there is no way to gauge the extent of this under/distorted-reporting, the quality and credibility of the ‘premiere’ biomedical literature is unknown. Therefore, any types of meta-analyses or scientometric analyses of this literaturewill have unknown quality and credibility. The most sophisticated scientometric analysis cannot compensate for a highly flawed database.Research limitations: The main limitation is in identifying examples of under-reporting. There are many incentives for under-reporting and few dis-incentives.Practical implications: Almost all research publications, addressing causes of disease, treatments for disease, diagnoses for disease, scientometrics of disease and health issues, and other aspects of healthcare, build upon previous healthcare-related research published. Many researchers will not have laboratories or other capabilities to replicate or validate the published research, and depend almost completely on the integrity of this literature. If the literature is distorted, then future research can be misguided, and health policy recommendations can be ineffective or worse.Originality/value: This review has examined a much wider range of technical and nontechnical causes for under-reporting of adverse events in the biomedical literature than previous studies.
