Mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology is crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources,which has garnered significant attention and rapid growth in recent years.Currently,various geothermal rein...Mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology is crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources,which has garnered significant attention and rapid growth in recent years.Currently,various geothermal reinjection technologies lag behind,lacking effective integration to address issues like low reinjection rates and thermal breakthrough.This paper reviews the basic principles and development history of mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology,focusing on various technical methods used in the process and analyzing their applicability,advantages,and disadvantages under different geological conditions.It highlights the unique challenges posed by deep geothermal resources,including high temperature,high pressure,high stress,chemical corrosion,and complex geological structures.Additionally,it addresses challenges in equipment selection and durability,system stability and operation safety,environmental impact,and sustainable development.Finally,the paper explores future directions for mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology,highlighting key areas for further research and potential pathways for technological innovation.This comprehensive analysis aims to accelerate the advancement of geothermal reinjection technology,offering essential guidance for the efficient reinjection and sustainable development of geothermal resources.展开更多
The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in indu...The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in industrial production; secondly, eco agricultural technological system, especially biological technology, should be developed in agricultural production; thirdly, end of pipe solution should focus on waste utilization or recycling technology where appropriate clean technology does not exist; lastly but not the least, existing technologies to minimize eco environmental deterioration such as soil erosion, salinization, desertification and deforestation should also be extended and developed. The mentioned ways of environmental technology development can only be realized on the condition that a resource conservation based production system and life style could be established and appropriate policy secured.展开更多
This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable developmen...This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.展开更多
The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors (RRs) are mentioned.The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced.The utilizations of China...The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors (RRs) are mentioned.The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced.The utilizations of China's RRs,mainly included as nuclear engineering technology,basic research applications of nuclear technology,teaching and personnel training,are explained.展开更多
A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Mat...A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Materials Research Group, which was found in the early eighties of last century. The Center is focusing in the basic and applied research, and development of advanced metallic materials and their processing technology. It also functions as an organization展开更多
With the rapid development of the computer technologies, the rapid spread and development of the network resources have a significant impact on people's thinking and lifestyle. The ideological and political educat...With the rapid development of the computer technologies, the rapid spread and development of the network resources have a significant impact on people's thinking and lifestyle. The ideological and political education in colleges and universities should keep pace with the times, and examine the new ways and resources of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities from the perspective of the times. The high-tech has been applied to the development of the modem education, expanding the teaching space-time, improving the teaching methods of the ideological and political course, and enriching the teaching contents of the ideological and political theoretical courses. The development mechanism of the ideological and political education resources for college students based on the data mining technology is not only in line with the trend of the times, but can also play an ideal role in optimizing the ideological and political education mechanism for college students.展开更多
Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is...Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is a non-independent legal research organization located in Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The center was equipped with one set of 650t automatic magnesium and aluminum alloys diecasting machine and necessary accessories including the melting furnaces for magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, an accurate magnesium pump to transfer the magnesium alloys to the shot sleeve of the die casting machine, a die temperature controller, and data logging systems for cavity pressure and die temperature distributions, etc. The center is aimed to the research and development of magnesium and aluminum die casting process and their related technologies, and the main research contents include:展开更多
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) is an amplification method developed by Notomi et al and has been applied successfully for the detection of many viruses.This paper introduced the current status of LAMP ...Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) is an amplification method developed by Notomi et al and has been applied successfully for the detection of many viruses.This paper introduced the current status of LAMP and recent developments,and the method applying in the diagnosis of animal viruses in abroad.展开更多
Due to high efficiency,high controllability,high integration,lightweight,and other advantages,electric vehicle with hub motor driving technology has become an emerging trend of chassis technology.This paper concludes ...Due to high efficiency,high controllability,high integration,lightweight,and other advantages,electric vehicle with hub motor driving technology has become an emerging trend of chassis technology.This paper concludes the current state⁃of⁃the⁃art of hub motor drive technologies.Firstly,it summarizes recent hub motor drive products and makes suggestions for hub motor drive schemes in different application scenarios.Then research on hub motor drive key technologies such as integrated design,thermal optimization,lightweight,and intensity optimization is investigated.Considering the high response accuracy and zero delay characteristic of hub motor driving system combined with advanced distributed dynamics control technology that can further improve vehicle performance,this paper also analyzes existing chassis dynamics control technologies of hub motor driving system.Considering the development trend of vehicle electrification,intelligentization,network connection,and current research,this paper makes some forecasts for hub motor drive technologies development in the conclusion.展开更多
In 1981,Nanyang Technological Institute was established in Singapore to train engineers and accountants to keep up with the fast-growing economy of the country.In 1991,the institute was upgraded to Nanyang Technologic...In 1981,Nanyang Technological Institute was established in Singapore to train engineers and accountants to keep up with the fast-growing economy of the country.In 1991,the institute was upgraded to Nanyang Technological University(NTU).NTU holds the rank for world's top young university for six consecutive years according to the Quacquarelli Symonds(QS)world university ranking.Virtual Reality(VR)research began in NTU in the late 1990s.NTU's colleges,schools,institutes,and centers have contributed toward the excellence of VR research.This article briefly describes the VR research directions and activities in NTU.展开更多
"Without an appropriate research setting, a study cannot be qualified as a reasonable piece", this notion is manifested in the methodological polices. In this research, we attempt to examine previous studies within ..."Without an appropriate research setting, a study cannot be qualified as a reasonable piece", this notion is manifested in the methodological polices. In this research, we attempt to examine previous studies within the scope of technology evolution and market perception in telecommunication industry through extracting research structures, methodologies, corresponding variables, and processing methods. A general process of social scientific research is adopted to analyze eighty-four selected papers; and simultaneously, the framework for doing this analysis is established, as well. In this manner, we inspect the subjects and the issues in these papers according to product types, academic domains, and divisions of technological evolution (from 1G to 4G). Then, their research designs are anatomized into the key dimensions of general research conventions. This research eventually provides an entire picture of a research scenario for mobile telecommunication industry; and apparently, this framewbrk can help scholars to establish specific tendencies for academic scenarios in future research plans. Also, we propose the main streams and emerging issues can be expected to engage in the future within both theacademic and the operational fields.展开更多
Effects of breeding mode, feeding mode, feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover, several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in ...Effects of breeding mode, feeding mode, feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover, several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in the future.展开更多
Northeast China Electric PowerCombustion Research Center (NPCC) is ahigh-tech enterprise which deals with"science, industry, trade, education" togetherand is mainly engaged in the research anddevelopment in ...Northeast China Electric PowerCombustion Research Center (NPCC) is ahigh-tech enterprise which deals with"science, industry, trade, education" togetherand is mainly engaged in the research anddevelopment in the aspects of the combustiontechnology, energy conservation. safety-environmental protection, automatic controland so on. NPCC has the semi-industrial testlab, large-scale test equipment and advancedmeasurement apparatus and equipment, aswell as the equipment and workshop neededfor trans forming the results to industryapplication.NPCC has provided several sets oftechnology and equipment for the nationalimportant project of technology improvementand the project of domesticazation ofcombustion system of imported power plant.NPCC has comprehensive ability forproductions, engineering and correspondingtechnical equipment. In the aspect ofinternational joint-project, NPCC has alsoachieved the profit. NPCC is not only acomprehensive base of test research whichgets industry application, semi-industry testand industry test together. but also anengineering research center of applying theachievements in scientific research to high-tech products in batch process.展开更多
In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and techn...In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.展开更多
Objective:To summarize and expound the general situation of precision medicine for cancer according to the current international research hot spots and treatment frontiers of cancer.Methods:This article makes an inven...Objective:To summarize and expound the general situation of precision medicine for cancer according to the current international research hot spots and treatment frontiers of cancer.Methods:This article makes an inventory from five aspects of treatment methods,detection technology,new drug research and development,information data and traditional Chinese medicine,"from point to surface","from outside to inside"and"integration of Chinese and Western medicine",to explore the whole picture of tumor treatment and research.Results:With the rapid development of tumor precision medicine in recent years,the tumor treatment methods have been developed from single to multiple.The research technology has been changed from macro to micro.The therapeutic drugs have been changed from systemic chemotherapy to targeted therapy,immunotherapy and other technologies.The treatment concept has been changed from local to overall.And the integrated treatment methods of traditional Chinese and Western medicine have brought a new chapter to tumor treatment.Conclusion:Through a series of new technologies,new methods and new concepts,tumor precision medicine promotes the treatment of tumors with integrated Chinese and Western medicine into a new chapter.展开更多
This paper summarized the research advances of several commonly used alfalfa transformation technologies including Agrobacterium-mediated transforma- tion method, electroperation method, microinjection method and biol...This paper summarized the research advances of several commonly used alfalfa transformation technologies including Agrobacterium-mediated transforma- tion method, electroperation method, microinjection method and biolistic method, and introduced the latest research findings in genetic improvement of alfalfa using transformation technologies to improve the quality and increase the resistance against diseases, insects and herbicides, as well as in production of plant-based vac- cines, enzyme preparations and antibodies using transgenic alfalfa as biological reactors. In addition, the current bottleneck constraining the development of alfalfa transformation technologies and related biesafety issues were analyzed and discussed, and the application prospects and commercial value of transgenic alfalfa were p^opes~.展开更多
The researches about agricultural modernization have been carried out a long time. Since the 16 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),there have been fundamental changes in China's agricultura...The researches about agricultural modernization have been carried out a long time. Since the 16 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),there have been fundamental changes in China's agricultural policies. The works of three rural issues with the development of modern agriculture rapidly became the main topic. The practice promoted researches of agricultural modernization in the connotation,characteristics,path selection,and indicator system construction. With the introduction of simultaneous development of " four modernizations" and coordinated development of " five modernizations",the theoretical researches of China's agricultural modernization have been provided with new connotations. In the existing achievements of " four modernizations" and " five modernizations" containing agricultural modernization,the characteristics,paths,indicator system and evaluation methods of agricultural modernization are constantly enriched. Through sorting out the theoretical achievements in the researches about agricultural modernization since the 16 th CPC National Congress of the CPC,this paper explored the new characteristics,new paths and new indicator system of agricultural modernization,to provide reference for the further transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture and the formulation of relevant policies.展开更多
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), as a new assisted reproductive technology which can select normal embryos for transplantation combined with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)through the analys...Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), as a new assisted reproductive technology which can select normal embryos for transplantation combined with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)through the analysis of genetic materials before embryo implantation, holds a more and more important position in the diagnosis of genetic diseases and has made an important significance to the Aristogenics.PGD is an important aspect of assisted reproduction technology(ART)with its rapid development. Continuous appearances and comprehensive applications of new methods and technologies have greatly developed the PGD. In this review, we introduce some new methods and their principles about the new research advances of PGD.展开更多
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.42272350)Hunan Provincial Key R&D Program(2022SK 2070)the Foundation of Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources(No.SX202202).
文摘Mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology is crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources,which has garnered significant attention and rapid growth in recent years.Currently,various geothermal reinjection technologies lag behind,lacking effective integration to address issues like low reinjection rates and thermal breakthrough.This paper reviews the basic principles and development history of mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology,focusing on various technical methods used in the process and analyzing their applicability,advantages,and disadvantages under different geological conditions.It highlights the unique challenges posed by deep geothermal resources,including high temperature,high pressure,high stress,chemical corrosion,and complex geological structures.Additionally,it addresses challenges in equipment selection and durability,system stability and operation safety,environmental impact,and sustainable development.Finally,the paper explores future directions for mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology,highlighting key areas for further research and potential pathways for technological innovation.This comprehensive analysis aims to accelerate the advancement of geothermal reinjection technology,offering essential guidance for the efficient reinjection and sustainable development of geothermal resources.
文摘The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in industrial production; secondly, eco agricultural technological system, especially biological technology, should be developed in agricultural production; thirdly, end of pipe solution should focus on waste utilization or recycling technology where appropriate clean technology does not exist; lastly but not the least, existing technologies to minimize eco environmental deterioration such as soil erosion, salinization, desertification and deforestation should also be extended and developed. The mentioned ways of environmental technology development can only be realized on the condition that a resource conservation based production system and life style could be established and appropriate policy secured.
文摘This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.
文摘The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors (RRs) are mentioned.The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced.The utilizations of China's RRs,mainly included as nuclear engineering technology,basic research applications of nuclear technology,teaching and personnel training,are explained.
文摘A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Materials Research Group, which was found in the early eighties of last century. The Center is focusing in the basic and applied research, and development of advanced metallic materials and their processing technology. It also functions as an organization
文摘With the rapid development of the computer technologies, the rapid spread and development of the network resources have a significant impact on people's thinking and lifestyle. The ideological and political education in colleges and universities should keep pace with the times, and examine the new ways and resources of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities from the perspective of the times. The high-tech has been applied to the development of the modem education, expanding the teaching space-time, improving the teaching methods of the ideological and political course, and enriching the teaching contents of the ideological and political theoretical courses. The development mechanism of the ideological and political education resources for college students based on the data mining technology is not only in line with the trend of the times, but can also play an ideal role in optimizing the ideological and political education mechanism for college students.
文摘Tsinghua-TOYO Research and Development Center of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys Processing Technology was officially established between Tsinghua University and TOYO Machinery & Metal Co. on Feb. 26, 2002, which is a non-independent legal research organization located in Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The center was equipped with one set of 650t automatic magnesium and aluminum alloys diecasting machine and necessary accessories including the melting furnaces for magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, an accurate magnesium pump to transfer the magnesium alloys to the shot sleeve of the die casting machine, a die temperature controller, and data logging systems for cavity pressure and die temperature distributions, etc. The center is aimed to the research and development of magnesium and aluminum die casting process and their related technologies, and the main research contents include:
文摘Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) is an amplification method developed by Notomi et al and has been applied successfully for the detection of many viruses.This paper introduced the current status of LAMP and recent developments,and the method applying in the diagnosis of animal viruses in abroad.
文摘Due to high efficiency,high controllability,high integration,lightweight,and other advantages,electric vehicle with hub motor driving technology has become an emerging trend of chassis technology.This paper concludes the current state⁃of⁃the⁃art of hub motor drive technologies.Firstly,it summarizes recent hub motor drive products and makes suggestions for hub motor drive schemes in different application scenarios.Then research on hub motor drive key technologies such as integrated design,thermal optimization,lightweight,and intensity optimization is investigated.Considering the high response accuracy and zero delay characteristic of hub motor driving system combined with advanced distributed dynamics control technology that can further improve vehicle performance,this paper also analyzes existing chassis dynamics control technologies of hub motor driving system.Considering the development trend of vehicle electrification,intelligentization,network connection,and current research,this paper makes some forecasts for hub motor drive technologies development in the conclusion.
文摘In 1981,Nanyang Technological Institute was established in Singapore to train engineers and accountants to keep up with the fast-growing economy of the country.In 1991,the institute was upgraded to Nanyang Technological University(NTU).NTU holds the rank for world's top young university for six consecutive years according to the Quacquarelli Symonds(QS)world university ranking.Virtual Reality(VR)research began in NTU in the late 1990s.NTU's colleges,schools,institutes,and centers have contributed toward the excellence of VR research.This article briefly describes the VR research directions and activities in NTU.
文摘"Without an appropriate research setting, a study cannot be qualified as a reasonable piece", this notion is manifested in the methodological polices. In this research, we attempt to examine previous studies within the scope of technology evolution and market perception in telecommunication industry through extracting research structures, methodologies, corresponding variables, and processing methods. A general process of social scientific research is adopted to analyze eighty-four selected papers; and simultaneously, the framework for doing this analysis is established, as well. In this manner, we inspect the subjects and the issues in these papers according to product types, academic domains, and divisions of technological evolution (from 1G to 4G). Then, their research designs are anatomized into the key dimensions of general research conventions. This research eventually provides an entire picture of a research scenario for mobile telecommunication industry; and apparently, this framewbrk can help scholars to establish specific tendencies for academic scenarios in future research plans. Also, we propose the main streams and emerging issues can be expected to engage in the future within both theacademic and the operational fields.
文摘Effects of breeding mode, feeding mode, feed and nutritional level on fattening performance of goat are summarized. Moreover, several suggestions are put forward for research direction of goat fattening technology in the future.
文摘Northeast China Electric PowerCombustion Research Center (NPCC) is ahigh-tech enterprise which deals with"science, industry, trade, education" togetherand is mainly engaged in the research anddevelopment in the aspects of the combustiontechnology, energy conservation. safety-environmental protection, automatic controland so on. NPCC has the semi-industrial testlab, large-scale test equipment and advancedmeasurement apparatus and equipment, aswell as the equipment and workshop neededfor trans forming the results to industryapplication.NPCC has provided several sets oftechnology and equipment for the nationalimportant project of technology improvementand the project of domesticazation ofcombustion system of imported power plant.NPCC has comprehensive ability forproductions, engineering and correspondingtechnical equipment. In the aspect ofinternational joint-project, NPCC has alsoachieved the profit. NPCC is not only acomprehensive base of test research whichgets industry application, semi-industry testand industry test together. but also anengineering research center of applying theachievements in scientific research to high-tech products in batch process.
文摘In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174145,81973651)
文摘Objective:To summarize and expound the general situation of precision medicine for cancer according to the current international research hot spots and treatment frontiers of cancer.Methods:This article makes an inventory from five aspects of treatment methods,detection technology,new drug research and development,information data and traditional Chinese medicine,"from point to surface","from outside to inside"and"integration of Chinese and Western medicine",to explore the whole picture of tumor treatment and research.Results:With the rapid development of tumor precision medicine in recent years,the tumor treatment methods have been developed from single to multiple.The research technology has been changed from macro to micro.The therapeutic drugs have been changed from systemic chemotherapy to targeted therapy,immunotherapy and other technologies.The treatment concept has been changed from local to overall.And the integrated treatment methods of traditional Chinese and Western medicine have brought a new chapter to tumor treatment.Conclusion:Through a series of new technologies,new methods and new concepts,tumor precision medicine promotes the treatment of tumors with integrated Chinese and Western medicine into a new chapter.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars from the Education Ministry of China(2008)Basic and Cutting-edge Technology Research Project of Henan Province(112300410014)
文摘This paper summarized the research advances of several commonly used alfalfa transformation technologies including Agrobacterium-mediated transforma- tion method, electroperation method, microinjection method and biolistic method, and introduced the latest research findings in genetic improvement of alfalfa using transformation technologies to improve the quality and increase the resistance against diseases, insects and herbicides, as well as in production of plant-based vac- cines, enzyme preparations and antibodies using transgenic alfalfa as biological reactors. In addition, the current bottleneck constraining the development of alfalfa transformation technologies and related biesafety issues were analyzed and discussed, and the application prospects and commercial value of transgenic alfalfa were p^opes~.
文摘The researches about agricultural modernization have been carried out a long time. Since the 16 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),there have been fundamental changes in China's agricultural policies. The works of three rural issues with the development of modern agriculture rapidly became the main topic. The practice promoted researches of agricultural modernization in the connotation,characteristics,path selection,and indicator system construction. With the introduction of simultaneous development of " four modernizations" and coordinated development of " five modernizations",the theoretical researches of China's agricultural modernization have been provided with new connotations. In the existing achievements of " four modernizations" and " five modernizations" containing agricultural modernization,the characteristics,paths,indicator system and evaluation methods of agricultural modernization are constantly enriched. Through sorting out the theoretical achievements in the researches about agricultural modernization since the 16 th CPC National Congress of the CPC,this paper explored the new characteristics,new paths and new indicator system of agricultural modernization,to provide reference for the further transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture and the formulation of relevant policies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30772069)
文摘Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), as a new assisted reproductive technology which can select normal embryos for transplantation combined with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)through the analysis of genetic materials before embryo implantation, holds a more and more important position in the diagnosis of genetic diseases and has made an important significance to the Aristogenics.PGD is an important aspect of assisted reproduction technology(ART)with its rapid development. Continuous appearances and comprehensive applications of new methods and technologies have greatly developed the PGD. In this review, we introduce some new methods and their principles about the new research advances of PGD.