Research capacity and training needs of nurses’in Shanghai,China:A multicenter,cross-sectional survey

Aims:The aim of this study is to investigate nurses’research capacity and related training needs in Shanghai to provide evidence to further nursing research training.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 1226 clinical registered nurses,including the Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and Research Training Needs Form,was recruited from 14 public hospitals in Shanghai,China.And the influencing factors of nurses’research capacity were analyzed.Results:The mean score of nurses’research capacity was(46.25±22.90)in Shanghai,that was at a low-to-medium level.The influencing factors of nurses’research capacity including age(F=15.983,P<0.001),education(F=20.738,P<0.001),professional title(F=6.993,P=0.001),working years(F=7.803,P<0.001),department(F=8.545,P<0.001),and position(F=−3.354,P=0.001).The most critical factor is the time to participate a study(P<0.001).And what the nurses demanded were writing skills,special lectures,and participating in colleagues’projects mostly.Conclusion:Nurse’s scientific research capacity still needs to be improved in Shanghai.The key to improving this situation is the individualized scientific research training and education for nurses and the practice of more participation in scientific research projects.

A scoping review of non-communicable disease research capacity strengthening initiatives in low and middle-income countries

Introduction:As the epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)is rapidly developing in low and middleincome countries(LMICs),the importance of local research capacity and the role of contextually relevant research in informing policy and practice is of paramount importance.In this regard,initiatives in research capacity strengthening(RCS)are very important.The aim of this study was to review and summarize NCD research capacity strengthening strategies that have been undertaken in LMICs.Methods:Using both systematic and other literature search,we identified and reviewed NCD-RCS initiatives that have been implemented in LMICs and reported since 2000.Information was extracted from published papers and websites related to these initiatives using a semi-structured checklist.We extracted information on program design,stakeholders involved,and countries of focus,program duration,targeted researchers,disease focus,skill/capacity areas involved and sources of funding.The extracted information was refined through further review and then underwent a textual narrative synthesis.Results:We identified a number of different strategies used by research capacity strengthening programs and in the majority of initiatives,a combination of approaches was utilized.Capacity strengthening and training approaches were variously adapted locally and tailored to fit with the identified needs of the targeted researchers and health professionals.Most initiatives focused on individual level capacity and not system level capacity,although some undoubtedly benefited the research and health systems of LMICs.For most initiatives,mid-term and long-term outcomes were not evaluated.Though these initiatives might have enhanced research capacity in the immediate term,the sustainability of the results in the long-term remains unknown.Conclusion:Most of NCD-RCS initiatives in LMICs focused on building individual capacity and only a few focused explicitly on institutional level capacity strengthening.Though many of the initiatives appear to have had promising short-term outcomes,evidence on their long-term impact and sustainability is lacking.

An intersectional gender analysis of familial and socio-cultural drivers of inequitable scientific career progression of researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)suffers from a dearth of concrete information on the causes of women’s under-representation in scientific research workforce particularly at higher levels compared with the wealth of information that exists in the global north.The goal of this study was to illuminate familial and socio-cultural drivers that contribute to intersectional gender inequities in scientific career progression in SSA to inform strategies that could promote career equity for African scientific researchers.Methods:This study was nested within the context of‘Developing Excellence in Leadership,Training and Science in Africa’(DELTAS Africa)—a health-based scientific research capacity strengthening initiative.It adopted an exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study design.In-depth interviews were conducted among 58(32 Female and 26 Male)trainees/research fellows at various career stages,affiliated to three purposively selected African Research Consortia.The interviews were conducted between May and December 2018 in English.The data were analysed inductively based on emergent themes.Results:The study participants were nationals of thirteen SSA countries.More female than male participants had young children.Four themes were identified.They illustrate women’s and men’s characterisation of the normative career pathway and progression requirements which calls for significant‘time’commitments(theme 1),and how social power relations of gender within the family and wider society shapes their participation in scientific research activities(theme 2).This culminates in researchers’’differential experiences of navigating between the‘two different lives’—family and career,and the resultant implications for their career progression and personal well-being(theme 3).Women researchers made different and conscious trade-offs for navigating the‘two different lives’by utilising various metaphors such as the‘biological clock and career clock’,the‘glass ball and rubber ball’,and the concept of‘sacrifice’(theme 4).Conclusions:This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate how intersectional gender analysis through use of qualitative research methods may provide novel insights into the hidden familial and socio-cultural drivers of gender inequitable scientific research career progression.It offers important policy and practice measures and approaches for fostering career equity for women and men scientists within research capacity strengthening initiatives in SSA.

公共卫生医师规范化培训中科研能力培养的上海实践与探索

公共卫生医师是公共卫生事业的核心力量,其能力决定了能否顺利且高质量地推进公共卫生服务,并最终影响人群健康。科研能力是公共卫生医师岗位胜任力的重要要素之一。上海市于2018年正式启动疾病预防控制机构公共卫生医师规范化培训工作。由公共卫生研究设计及应用教学组负责公共卫生医师规范化培训学员的科研能力培养工作。上海市在公共卫生医师规范化培训学员科研能力培养的实践过程中,构建了一套覆盖组织管理体系建设、师资队伍建设、培训模式建设的可复制、可操作的体系,培训模式注重科研伦理、文献检索、科研选题、研究设计、科研写作5大科研能力提升,同时以“1+1+3”(1篇综述、1次开题报告、3次汇报)为抓手突出教学重点,可以为其他尚未开展或即将开展公共卫生医师规范化培训的省(自治区、直辖市)或地区提供参考和借鉴的范式。针对既往科研能力培养的“痛点”,上海市落实了政策及资金支持,构建了覆盖科研全流程、重点突出的培养方案,为参培学员提供必要的科研指导和个性化反馈。后续,建议上海市进一步细化培养方案,推进差异化、个性化培养;落实师资考核,提升教学质量和效果;优化考核评价,追踪科研产出;遴选科研苗子,探索与高级别项目贯通;开展教学总结,促进教学更新。

The Progress of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity: from Single-factor Carrying Capacity Research to Comprehensive Research

As a concept to describe development restrictions,resources and environment carrying capacity（RECC）research has developed over more than 100 years since it was first proposed at the beginning of the 20th century.It is now regarded as a significant factor in evaluating the level of cooperation between regional population,resources,and environment;and it is currently used as an effective and operational tool to guide regional sustainable development.This article first reviews the origin of RECC and its early headway.It then reviews the historical development of RECC from single factors,such as land resources carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity（environmental capacity）,to more comprehensive research,such as comprehensive evaluation,emergy analysis,and ecological footprint analysis.In general,it appears that comprehensive research will become increasingly important in RECC research.However,there are several deficiencies in the current state of comprehensive research.Firstly,comprehensive RECC research lacks a common measurement standard,though some scholars have attempted to create one.Secondly,the RECC evaluation of open systems and dynamic studies should be strengthened.Thirdly,more attention should be paid to standardization,digitalization,and systematization to promote the applicability of RECC research to national practical demands.

A research into the application of the production capacity of passenger and light commercial vehicles in China

1. An overall judgment on the situation 2006 saw the rapid growth of passenger vehicles, with the production capacity putting into use rose from less than 70 percent to around 80 percent. That with light commercial vehicles was similar too. The situation in 2005 and 2006 showed that there are no evidential overdone production capacity.

Research and Analysis of Production and New Capacity of China's Electronic Copper Foil Enterprises in 2017

In the light of current fast development of new and expanded copper foil projects of electronic copper foil enterprises and recent adjustment of the main copper foil categories set to be developed by some companies(generally from lithium foil to PCB foil).The secretariat of China Electronics Materials Industry Association e-copper foil branch conducted in March,2017 an extensive and in-depth

Research gaps for three main tropical diseases in the People’s Republic of China

This scoping review analyzes the research gaps of three diseases:schistosomiasis japonica,malaria and echinococcosis.Based on available data in the P.R.China,we highlight the gaps between control capacity and prevalence levels,and between diagnostic/drug development and population need for treatment at different stages of the national control programme.After reviewing the literature from 848 original studies and consultations with experts in the field,the gaps were identified as follows.Firstly,the malaria research gaps include(i)deficiency of active testing in the public community and no appropriate technique to evaluate elimination,(ii)lack of sensitive diagnostic tools for asymptomatic patients,(iii)lack of safe drugs for mass administration.Secondly,gaps in research of schistosomiasis include(i)incongruent policy in the implementation of integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis,(ii)lack of effective tools for Oncomelania sp.snail control,(iii)lack of a more sensitive and cheaper diagnostic test for large population samples,(iv)lack of new drugs in addition to praziquantel.Thirdly,gaps in research of echinococcosis include(i)low capacity in field epidemiology studies,(ii)lack of sanitation improvement studies in epidemic areas,(iii)lack of a sensitivity test for early diagnosis,(iv)lack of more effective drugs for short-term treatment.We believe these three diseases can eventually be eliminated in China's Mainland if all the research gaps are abridged in a short period of time.