Measuring National-level Research Production under Fractional Counting:China versus the U.S.

This paper aims to examine the heterogeneity of research production between China and the United States by disaggregating the national research production into its constituent components.Different from previous studies,we introduce the share counting method to determine the number of publications attributed to each country.We analyse bibliographic metadata from over 36 million SCI/SSCI-indexed journal publications published in the period from 2000 to 2021.The research production of China and the United States is decomposed according to the document types,disciplines,and high-impact journals.In the quantitative analysis,the first finding is that China emerged as the world’s largest contributor to SCIindexed publications in 2019 under fractional counting,two years earlier than under whole counting.Surpassing the U.S.in publication count does not indicate a completely surpassing position for China in its scientific production strength,however.When it is divided by document types,China has published a smaller proportion of review-type journal publications than the U.S.;when filtered by disciplines,in the period from 2016 to 2021,China’s research production leads in only 100 of 178 natural science fields and 2of 58 social science fields.The second finding is,when only the number of papers on high-impact journals is considered,China also surpassed the U.S.in 2019;meanwhile,the proportion of high-impact journal papers of China is still lower than that of the U.S.These results reveal that there are different knowledge production patterns in China and the United States.This study contributes to a better understanding of the disparities in research productivity between the top two nations,and suggests several policy implications for China.

Preparation and Performance Research of Cement-based Grouting Materials with High Early Strength and Expansion

Main performance of the cement grouting materials made up by Portland cement（PC） and sulphoaluminate cement（SAC） was investigated in this program, a kind of expanding agent（EA） which was mainly constituted by metakaolin and alunite was utilized for the compensation of the shrinkage, the hydration products and micro structure of the grouting materials were researched by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results showed that a high expansion rate of the grouting materials could be reached as the expanding agent mixed in 6% of PC mass; the addition of SAC in the S2（PC：SAC：EA=34：6：2.25） brought a further improvement of the expansion rate of the grouting materials, the analysis of XRD and SEM showed that due to the reaction of expanding agent and SAC in the grouting materials, more ettringite crystal was generated, which resulted in a higher early strength, the addition of SAC played an expansion and strength reinforcement role in the grouting materials.

The Chinese Automobile Market and the Strategies of European, American, Japanese, Korean and Chinese Auto Makers

This paper compares and analyzes the changes in the Chinese automobile market in recent years as well as the competition strategy of top makers of European, American, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese automobiles. In particular, analysis is carried out on the cause of the rapid growth of European, American, and Korean makers in the passenger vehicle market and the slow growth of Japanese makers, especially, Toyota, Honda, and Chinese makers. In order to adapt to the environmental change in the Chinese automobile market, European and American makers like Volkwagen （VW） and General Motors （GM） have developed full model line-up strategies focusing on compact cars while utilizing the advantages of the annual production of their full model line-up and giving priority to local part procurement. What＇s more, Korea＇s Hyundai has converted its car model strategy from mid-sized cars into compact cars in accordance with the changes in the Chinese market. Through successful product development adjusting to local needs, Hyundai has firmly entrenched its brand name. For Honda and Toyota, the slow conversion from mid-sized cars to compact cars and the inability to decrease costs due to the slow development of local part procurement are the causes of their delayed development in the Chinese market.

Research and Analysis of Production and New Capacity of China's Electronic Copper Foil Enterprises in 2017

In the light of current fast development of new and expanded copper foil projects of electronic copper foil enterprises and recent adjustment of the main copper foil categories set to be developed by some companies(generally from lithium foil to PCB foil).The secretariat of China Electronics Materials Industry Association e-copper foil branch conducted in March,2017 an extensive and in-depth

A research into the application of the production capacity of passenger and light commercial vehicles in China

1. An overall judgment on the situation 2006 saw the rapid growth of passenger vehicles, with the production capacity putting into use rose from less than 70 percent to around 80 percent. That with light commercial vehicles was similar too. The situation in 2005 and 2006 showed that there are no evidential overdone production capacity.

Bibliometrics： tracking research impact by selecting Lhe appropriate metrics

Traditionally, the success of a researcher is assessed by the number of publications he or she publishes in peer-reviewed, indexed, high impact journals. This essential yardstick, often referred to as the impact of a specific researcher, is assessed through the use of various metrics. While researchers may be acquainted with such matrices, many do not know how to use them to enhance their careers. In addition to these metrics, a number of other factors should be taken into consideration to objectively evaluate a scientist＇s profile as a researcher and academician. Moreover, each metric has its own limitations that need to be considered when selecting an appropriate metric for evaluation. This paper provides a broad overview of the wide array of metrics currently in use in academia and research. Popular metrics are discussed and defined, including traditional metrics and article-level metrics, some of which are applied to researchers for a greater understanding of a particular concept, including varicocete that is the thematic area of this Special Issue of Asian Journal of Andrology. We recommend the combined use of quantitative and qualitative evaluation using judiciously selected metrics for a more objective assessment of scholarly output and research impact.

Ecological Pushes and Pulls on Women Academics’ Pursuit of Research in China

Women academics reportedly exhibit lower research productivity than males.This study first quantitatively explored gender differences in research output based on a survey among 309 Chinese academics teaching English as a foreign language(TEFL).Qualitative data obtained through interviews with seven female respondents were analyzed from an ecological perspective.Results showed significant gender differences in domestic publication but no such differences in international publication.Women academics’pursuit of research was influenced by many factors from and beyond the microsystems of workplace and family,and their coping strategies included soliciting help from seasoned colleagues,attending academic conferences,and joining online communities.The findings highlight the institutional supportive practices and familial environment that are equally important in promoting women academics’professional development.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN CHINA

There are six large production institutes of bio-logicals in China. The Kunming Institute of Medical Biology is the largest primate center, specializing in the production of live poliomyelitis vaccine and recently, of live hepatitis vaccine as well. All these institutes have research laboratories of their own which are engaged in the improvement of existing products and development of new ones. The National Institute for Control of Phamaceutical and Biological Products, created in 1951, is responsible for the direction of laboratories located in each production institute, for the testing of natively produced as well as imported biological products and for the preparation and issuing of national standards. Three additional bodies managed directly by the Ministry of Public Health are: Office for the Review of Drugs (including biologicals), Committee for Standardization of Biological Products and Office for Supervision of Drugs. These together consistiute the regulatory system in China.

Researcher Urges Less Use of Anti-Bacteria Products

现在消毒柜,消毒水倍受许多有"洁癖"的人的青睐。同时,我们也经常听到悉心的父母对自己的孩子说:不要碰那个东西,上面有细菌。久而久之,人们一谈起细菌,就似乎是流行病、传染病如流感、疟疾、肝炎、肺结核等的代名词。现在研究表明,其实,细菌并没那么可怕。相反,有时候没有细菌的"真空"世界对你和你孩子的抗病能力的培养反而不利。物极必反,抗菌和抗生素的随意使用很可能招致"超级细菌"的滋生。

The Present Scenario, Challenges, and Future Anticipation of Traditional Mongolian Medicine in China

The objective was to study the present scenario,challenges,and future anticipation of traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)in China.The literature was retrieved using various sources of information such as meetings with TMM experts,research and review articles,national health databases,and government websites and authoritative papers.Health care using TMM,TMM education and research,and the pharmaceutical industry of TMM has been improved by implementing TMM growth policies.TMM has been extensively used for health care in Mongolia and in various regions of China including Beijing.The national education system of China contains a stream of TMM education.There is a yearly increase in research productivity in the field of TMM due to extensive research funding by the government.The rapidly growing pharmaceutical industry of TMM has provided more availability of TMM to more patients.The literature search revealed good preservation and development of TMM in China,urging the need to take steps for the promotion of its spread and development in China and worldwide.