语料库翻译研究背景下的“translationese”与“翻译共性”刍议

近年来,在基于语料库的翻译研究背景下,翻译语言特征描写中的两个关键词——“translationese”与“翻译共性”备受关注,两者之间既有区别,亦有交织重叠的地方。在国内翻译研究领域,“translationese”的译名和定义也不尽一致。本研究梳理了语料库研究方法背景下两者的概念和研究模式的发展,进而探讨了translationese的连续性特征以及它与翻译共性假设的关系问题,提出以“特征译语”为译名以突出其特点,并阐明了本研究在理论与实践方面的意义。

A Brief Report on Task-based Translation Teaching in University English Classes in China

Translation teaching in college English classes is highly teacher-centered, so students are not fully motivated and therefore lack basic interests to fulfill these tasks. In order for students to be more involved and more learning independent, translation teaching needs to become student-centered and task-based. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of this teaching method and suggests possible ways to use the method.

Improving Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation Models by Incorporating Syntax-Based Language Models

This paper proposed a method to incorporate syntax-based language models in phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. The syntax-based language model used in this paper is based on link grammar,which is a high lexical formalism. In order to apply language models based on link grammar in phrase-based models,the concept of linked phrases,an extension of the concept of traditional phrases in phrase-based models was brought out. Experiments were conducted and the results showed that the use of syntax-based language models could improve the performance of the phrase-based models greatly.

An Empirical Study of Legal English Translation Teaching Through Wechat-based Mobile Learning Platform

This paper illustrates the functions of smartphone-based teaching using the theory of constructivism,and puts forward anew learning strategy to replace traditional cram-teaching methods.We examines the new paradigm in the formation of translationcompetence within the legal discourse.It aims to promote the autonomous learning,monitor the students’participation,facilitatestudents’communication and provide well-structured materials to transform traditional classroom learning into mobile phonelearning,to maximize students’initiative and enthusiasm,as well as help students engage in,interpret,and negotiate the complexi-ties that surround them.The findings of this study have been summarized into a few generalizations for possible directions for trans-lation research and they provide a better understanding of Chinese students’translation competence within a legal English contextand contribute to the translation skill development.Series on existing research on translation competence development in classroomteaching contexts for empirical guidance,as an essential component of ESP curriculum based on authentic data and analyzedthrough online framework specifically designed for legal discourse.

Consideration on Vocational Students' Participation in Class:With Special Reference to Task-based Approach and Traditional Method

This paper covers an experimental study on vocational students' participation in the class under task-based approach and traditional grammar-translation teaching method.As vocational colleges in China have developed rapidly,teachers are still exploring and experimenting with different teaching approaches in order to find the suitable one(s).Using the theory of task-based approach,the grammartranslation method,the author conducts an experiment by recording.The following key issue has been addressed and some conclusive results have been made.The paper intends to find an answer to the following question:Under which teaching approach can students participate in the class more actively? Based on the above research work,the following result has been reached:Task-based approach can promote students' mastering of vocabulary and grammar,and students participate in the class more actively.The author would like to share her experiences with others in pedagogical studies of teaching vocational college students English.

The Pattern of Occurrence of Cytosine in the Genetic Code Minimizes Deleterious Mutations and Favors Proper Function of the Translational Machinery

The standard genetic code consists of 64 combinations of base triplets made from four different bases. The research aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of occurrence of cytosine in the genetic code. By exploring the base composition and sequence of all 64 codons, the author found some important features based on the instability of cytosine. Because cytosine undergoes spontaneous deamination that converts it into uracil, it is evolutionarily favorable to exclude cytosine from codons critical to the initiation and termination of translation. For amino acids that have one to three synonymous codons (also called synonyms), the frequency of occurrence of C in the first and second positions of their mRNA codons is significantly lower than the frequencies of A, U, and G. For mRNA codons that encode amino acids with four synonyms, the trend of base composition is opposite to those encoding amino acids with one to three synonyms;the instability of C could be inhibited or reduced via formation of hydrogen bonds with a G and/or with a protonated C, and the secondary structure of the resultant mRNA could be adjusted via the multiple synonymous alternates at the third position of their codons to facilitate the translation process. The overall pattern of occurrence for C in the genetic code not only minimizes deleterious mutations and favors proper function of the translational machinery by excluding C from certain positions within codons, but also allows the occurrence of genetic diversity via mutation by including C in less-critical positions.

Estimation of earth pressure against retaining walls with different limited displacement modes based on elastic theory

The earth pressure acting on retaining walls due to creep and consolidation is under limited equilibrium conditions(limited displacement). Linear elastic constitutive theory can be applied to determine earth pressure distribution along retaining walls under limited displacement condition. In addition,tangent modulus in Duncan-Chang nonlinear elastic model was introduced to reflect the variations of soil modulus with confining pressure, and boundary strains were derived from Rankine active earth pressure, Rankine passive earth pressure, static earth pressure and principal stress direction deflection.According to the above four boundary strains, earth pressure on retaining walls was divided into five state zones. By comparing the calculation results obtained from the equations proposed in this paper with those of experimental tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: earth pressure distribution was always nonlinear along retaining walls for translation displacement(T mode), rotation displacement around wall base(RB mode), and translation + rotation displacement around wall base(RBT mode). Also,calculated earth pressure distributions along with the depth of wall were found to be consistent with measured values under three displacement modes.Additionally, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of internal friction angle and backfill soil cohesion on earth pressure. It could be seen from the above series of studies that the earth pressure equations derived in this work could be well applied in practical engineering in designing retaining walls.

A New Gateway to Target Language Improvement for College Translation Majors: A Case Study

Tandem-based learning is a way of collaborative learning with which two different language users communicate in theirtarget language. It implies that the both learners play a role as a teacher and learner. Through sufficient cooperative duration andexposure to their target language learning, their interest and motivation of translation majors were noticeably inspired. This programis sure to be very effective for foreign language learning, if the two principles are followed: principle of reciprocity and self-initia-tive.

从释意理论看电影《你好,李焕英》幽默元素字幕的翻译策略

字幕翻译是观众了解非母语影视的主要手段,优秀的字幕翻译也成为海外观众更好地了解中国电影和中国文化的重要途径。字幕翻译同口译不乏相通之处,因此源于口语实践研究、倡导脱离源语言外壳束缚的释意理论,不仅指出了译者在字幕翻译过程中应了解的原则和方向,也启发译者跳出具体翻译策略的限制,根据具体情况灵活采取合适的翻译策略,对于电影字幕翻译具有实际的指导意义。华语喜剧电影中的幽默元素体现了中国浓厚鲜明的民族文化特色,是译者较难处理的部分。电影《你好,李焕英》在翻译诸如双关语、特色方言、富有时代感的流行语和富含中国文化特色的话语这些包含幽默元素的字幕时采取了替换、归化、异化、减译等不同翻译策略。

基于语料库的《青铜葵花》副语言翻译研究

以曹文轩代表作《青铜葵花》及汪海岚英译本为语料,并参照英文原创小说Charlie and the Chocolate Factory的文本和电影字幕,构建类比加平行的小型综合语料库,从副语言中的动作和神态两个角度分析英译本对主人公青铜的刻画。依次考察高频次搭配动作、高强度搭配动作和“哭”“笑”两种神态的翻译。研究发现,英译本选词简单,语言精炼,充分切合目标语读者的接受度,成功重塑了青铜人物形象,但单一依赖纸质媒体使其海外传播度不尽人意。

税收法定原则三阶:中西协商民主税收立法史辨

税收法定原则是人类社会商品经济发展和民主政治完善的必由之路,其制度基因密码是协商民主。税收法定原则呈现出两个层面的三级阶梯递进模式:在法律层面,它包含议会自主立法、授权立法、平移立法三级立法模式;在政治层面,它经历英国、美国、中国三级协商民主政治制度。科学理解税收法定原则应当坚持运用马克思主义唯物史观基本原理,既客观肯定英国古典税收法定原则的历史进步性,又充分关注美国现代税收法定原则的时代变革性,同时还应当甄别其由阶级局限性和政治保守性决定的反协商民主的阶级本质。新时代中国税收法定原则具有包容、吸纳西方先进历史经验的开放性,能够全面、真正践行协商民主,在全国人大主导下,充分调动全社会的热情和智力,实现税收立法效率最大化和立法质量最优化,真正实现全过程人民民主。

文章学视域下翻译教学的课程思政建设

课程思政是一种教育教学理念,旨在将价值塑造、知识传授和能力培养三者融为一体。翻译是不同文化中的语言观、世界观乃至文明观之间的互学互鉴。在中国传统文化语境下,传统翻译研究与实践与文章学之间具有理论系统方面的同构性、学术共同体方面相当程度的可通约性。文章学中的作文之法及其文化价值,恰是翻译教学课程思政的思政要素之自然内容。将文章学中的真知灼见与翻译研究紧密结合,有利于提高价值体系与专业知识的有机融合,坚持价值性与知识性相统一。

消化道出血患者口渴非药物干预的循证护理实践

目的探讨消化道出血患者口渴非药物干预的循证护理实践效果,以期提高患者舒适度。方法组建循证护理实践小组,确定临床问题,获取最佳证据,以知识转化模式为指导,结合临床情景与利益相关者主观意愿,对最佳证据进行筛选,评价总结出19条最佳证据,制定11条质量审查指标,选取2023年7月至2024年2月该科收治的62例消化道出血患者作为研究对象,按循证实践时间将2023年7-10月32例患者作为对照组,2023年11月至2024年2月30例患者作为循证组,在证据应用前进行基线审查,分析其障碍因素,制定解决策略,最后进行证据临床应用。比较证据实施前后护士对实践证据的知晓率、对审查指标的执行率及2组患者口渴强度、口渴痛苦的程度及对干预措施的满意度。结果循证护理实践后14名护士对实践证据的知晓率从42.85%~64.29%上升至92.85%~100.00%,对主要审查指标的执行率从40.63%~84.38%上升至95.00%~100.00%,循证组患者口渴程度、口渴痛苦程度均低于对照组,对护理服务满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论消化道出血患者口渴非药物干预的循证护理实践可提高护士对实践证据的知晓率、对审查指标的执行率,降低患者口渴程度、口渴痛苦程度,提高患者对护理服务满意度。

“过程+产出”导向的三维联动项目式翻译课程教学实践研究

文本以某大学《计算机辅助翻译(CAT)》课程教学为例,阐述了依托企业项目,高校、企业、学生三维联动的、“过程+产出”导向的项目式翻译课程教学模式。该教学模式注重综合能力与素质的过程培养和产出质量,以学生为主体,教师为主导,校企合作教学,“课堂双导师”和“知识构建+翻译项目实践”相结合,开阔了学生视野,发展了学生思维,培养了学生的核心素养,探索了三维联动的“三观”“四早”育人路径与育人机制,提升了学生学习的主动感、胜任力和获得感,对高校语言专业人才培养有积极意义。

翻译硕士课程的思政教学实践探索——以翻译赏析与批评专业选修课为例

翻译硕士的翻译赏析与批评专业选修课从教师观念和教学设计两方面探讨课程思政理念的落实。教师在观念上认识课程思政的价值塑造功能,发挥育人主体功能;从教学设计上完善课程教学体系,在教学目标中确立思政育人目标,在教学内容中融入思政资源,在教学实施中挖掘思政元素,以实现专业课程教学与思政教育的协同。课程思政教学在提升学生专业素养方面取得了良好效果。

低阶煤基炭材料研究进展

低阶煤因其储量丰富、富含多环芳烃有机物、含碳量高、成本低等特点,被认为是炭材料的优质前驱体。然而,由于不同低阶煤的灰分、微观结构、界面的差异,导致了煤基炭材料结构、性能难以有效调控的问题。近年来,研究人员提出了低阶煤基炭材料微观结构、表界面调控的有效方法。本文重点总结了低阶煤制备吸附活性炭、电容炭、硬炭、石墨和纳米炭材料的差异化策略,进一步讨论了煤种和工艺对煤基炭材料的微观结构、界面特性和官能团种类等的影响。同时介绍了煤基炭材料在吸附、超级电容器和碱金属电池中的应用。最后,展望了低级煤基炭材料未来研究的方向和挑战。

基于语料库的译者行为批评:《西游记》蓝诗玲译本中的詈语

本文提出语料库译者行为批评方法。依据“求真—务实连续统”具体化、层次化、维度化的理论创新模式,把文学作品中的詈语翻译按照詈语方向、冲突级别、詈语类别、翻译策略和译者行为划分为5个子系统,首次提出语义求真—务实和语用求真—务实,并创建汉学家蓝诗玲的《西游记》译本平行语料库,从中提取16个詈语,共189条汉英对齐语句对,利用质性分析软件MAXQDA对每条句对人工标注了5个子系统的特征,再通过网络分析和聚类分析展示蓝诗玲处理詈语的译者行为特征,力证蓝诗玲的译者角色定位是用现代话语重述中国经典故事。

维吾尔语机器翻译研究综述

维吾尔语机器翻译作为我国低资源机器翻译研究的重要任务之一,其发展与应用可以更好地促进不同地区和民族之间的文化交流与贸易往来。然而,维吾尔语作为一种黏着性语言,在机器翻译领域存在形态复杂、语料稀缺等问题。近年来,在维吾尔语机器翻译发展的不同阶段,研究人员针对其特点在算法和模型上不断优化与创新,取得了一定的研究成果,但缺乏系统性的综述。全面回顾维吾尔语机器翻译的相关研究,并根据方法的不同将其分为基于规则和实例的维吾尔语机器翻译、基于统计的维吾尔语机器翻译以及基于神经网络的维吾尔语机器翻译3种类型,同时对相关学术活动和语料库资源进行汇总。为进一步探索维吾尔语机器翻译的潜力,采用ChatGPT模型对维吾尔语-汉语机器翻译任务进行初步研究,实验结果表明,在Few-shot情景下,随着示例数的增加,翻译性能先升后降,在10-shot时表现最佳。此外,思维链方法在维吾尔语机器翻译任务中并未展示出更优的翻译能力。最后对维吾尔语机器翻译未来的研究方向进行了展望。

儿童镇静监测管理审查指标的制订及障碍因素分析

目的 开展儿童镇静监测的循证实践,制订审查指标,全面评估儿童镇静监测的临床现状,分析障碍及促进因素,从而制订行动策略。方法 基于儿童镇静监测的最佳证据,制订14条审查指标,对儿童镇静程度及镇静并发症的临床实践现状进行基线调查。基于证据、潜在采纳者和实践环境进行障碍及促进因素分析。结果 护士对儿童镇静程度、谵妄、戒断综合征各监测行为的依从率分别为0~100%、0~13.0%、0~43.5%。护士特异性工具使用、评估频率正确率均为0。经分析,证据转化主要的障碍因素为医护镇静监测知信行水平不高、人工决策过程低效、缺少制度、流程及监控系统等,主要的促进因素为领导力强、多学科协作、循证科研基础扎实、信息技术先进等。结论 目前儿童镇静监测临床现状与最佳证据间存在差距。应充分利用促进因素克服障碍,实施改进,促进最佳证据的临床转化。