The Silurian Reservoir Bed-Differentiated Asphalts in Tarim Basin and Modeling Experiments on Their Origin

There is a type of asphalt that originated from differentiation from reservoir bed (named reservoir bed\|differentiated asphalt) in the Silurian asphaltic sandstones of the Tarim Basin. These asphalts are the result of second\|time charging of hydrocarbons into the Silurian reservoir, which were derived from Lower Paleozoic source rocks. Asphalt was differentiated from the reservoir bed in the hydrocarbon gathering area of secondary migration. The differentiation is caused by changes in reservoir physical properties when pearl or chain hydrocarbons migrating through and gathering in the reservoir bed, and light components are lost and heavy ones are involved in the formation of asphalt or heavy oil. There are two kinds of occurrence of these asphalts in the Silurian system of the Tarim Basin. One is the poor heavy oil layer with lower oil saturation in trap and the other is scattered hydrocarbon distributed along the transport layer and unconformity surface. Reservoir bed\|differentiated asphalts have two characteristics: total hydrocarbon content is high in extractable organic matter and the ratio of saturated to aromatic hydrocarbon is usually greater than unity. The physically modeling experiment has confirmed these characteristics and the genesis of the reservoir bed\|differentiated asphalts.

塔中北斜坡碳酸盐岩岩溶储层油气差异富集特征

塔中北斜坡下奥陶统岩溶储层基本为低孔低渗储层,主要的储集空间为溶蚀孔、洞和断裂活动产生的裂缝。储层呈现"横向连片,纵向分层"特点,优质储层主要呈层状叠合分布在不整合面下0～200m范围内的垂直渗流带和水平潜流带。岩溶储层具有大面积、多储集段含油气的特点,平面上整体表现为"西油东气,内油外气"的分布特征。鹰山组直接盖层良3—5段致密灰岩平面上具有"东厚西薄,北厚南薄"的分布特点,剖面上呈现"块状分布,横向相连,纵向叠置"的展布特征。鹰山组内部多套高阻层相互叠置,与下伏含油气层构成良好的配置关系,形成一套或多套储盖组合,控制油气的分层聚集。塔中北斜坡发育着一系列NE向左行走滑断裂,以之为边界,可以分为若干个构造区块。区块内油气水正常分异,相对高的部位聚集油气、低部位出水。块体内部油气多富集在距主干走滑断裂0.5～4.0km范围内。