Baoziwan-Majiashan Area of Jiyuan Oilfield Analysis of Reservoir Characteristics and Main Control Factors in Long 4 5 Section

Based on the sheet, scanning electron microscope and high pressure mercury analysis method, this paper takes Jiyuan oilfield-Ma Jia mountain district 4 5 sandstone reservoir as the research object, from the reservoir petrology, pore type and porosity, permeability, the system analyzed the reservoir characteristics and its control factors. The results show that the sandstone in the 4 5 section of Baoziwan-Majiashan area of Jiyuan oilfield is fine in size and high in filling content. The pore types were dominated by intergranular pores and dissolved pores, with a low face rate. The reservoir property is relatively poor, with mean porosity of 11.11% and mean permeability of 1.16 × 10−3 µm2. In the low porous, low otonic background, the development of relatively high pore hypertonic areas. Compaction and cementation should play a destructive role in reservoir properties, and dissolution should play a positive role in reservoir properties. Compaction adjusts the migration of clay minerals and miscellaneous bases in the original sediment in the study area, greatly reducing the porosity and permeability of the reservoir;the development of the cement cement, carbonate cementation and some quartz secondary compounds reduces the storage space;the dissolution effect, especially the secondary dissolution pores of the reservoir, which obviously improves the properties of the reservoir.

Coal reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin in China

In the eastern Ordos basin, due to the diversity of the tectonic setting, coal rank, gas content and permeability, coal reservoirs have differing characteristics. In this paper, based on coal reservoir geometry, gas content, adsorption capacity, pores and fissures developments and permeability data, the coalbed methane(CBM) reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Ordos basin is discussed. The results show that, due to undergoing different paleo-temperatures in the geological history,coal rank has a higher trend from the north part to the south and from the shallow part to the inward basin, which determines CBM distribution and recoverability. In the north, although having large coal thickness and high permeability, Zhungeer-Xingxian coal rank is low, and gas content is small. In the central part, with medium rank, higher gas content and relatively high permeability, and the Wubao-Liulin area is the most favorable area in the eastern Ordos basin. In the southern part, medium and high metamorphism coal occurs, and although having the highest gas content, the permeability in the Hancheng area is low due to the development of sheared coal.

Physical property characteristics of Yanchang Formation reservoir in the southwest of Ordos Basin and their controlling fac-tors： taking Chang 3 and Chang 4 ＋ 5 reservoirs in Longdong area as an example

分析鄂尔多斯盆地西南部陇东地区延长组储层物性特征及其控制因素，发现沉积和成岩控制储层物性。沉积微相带不同，储层物性就不同；成岩作用中压实-压溶作用、胶结作用对储层物性具有破坏作用，溶蚀作用是储层物性改善的关键因素。沉积微相带是控制油气藏储层展布的内在因素，成岩作用是储层形成过程中控制物性演化的外部因素。

Comparison of marine controlled-source electromagnetic data acquisition systems by a reservoir sensitivity index:analyzing the effect of water depths

During the past ten years, a marine controlled source electromagnetic（CSEM） method has been developed rapidly as a technology for hydrocarbon exploration. For shallow water environments, two CSEM data acquisition systems： Seabed Logging（SBL） and towed streamer electromagnetics（TSEM） have been developed in recent years. The purpose is to compare the performance of the SBL and TSEM systems at different water depths. Three different methods for the comparison are presented. The first method is a quick one dimensional sensitivity modelling. As a result, the sensitivity of marine CSEM data increases with water depth for the SBL system. Further, the sensitivity decreases with the increasing water depth for the TSEM system. The two other methods use two dimensional synthetic data from a simple 2-D isotropic model. The second method is a reservoir sensitivity index（RSI） method which has been developed to provide a quick comparison of the two systems. The RSI is calculated as the amplitude of the scattered field dividing by data uncertainty. From the calculations, it is found that with the increasing water depth RSI increases for the SBL system, while it decreases for the TSEM system. The third method uses Occam＇s inversion, and applies an anomaly transverse resistance（ATR） ratio for evaluating the resulting resistivity image. In shallow water environments, the resolution of the CSEM inversion results is good for both the SBL and TSEM systems. In deep water environments, the resolution of the CSEM inversion is better for the SBL system than for the TSEM system. The ATR ratios of the resistivity images show the similar conclusion. The SBL data acquisition system has an advantage in deep water environments. The TSEM system, on the other hand, is preferable for the shallow water environments.

An Improved Contract Net Protocol with Multi-Agent for Reservoir Flood Control Dispatch

Contract Net Protocol (CNP) has been widely used in solving the problems of multi-Agent cooperates and reservoir flood control optimization dispatch. This paper designs an Agent functional module based on the multi-Agent coordinated the construction of reservoir flood control optimization dispatch and the corresponding Agent to solve the problem of classical CNP in the Agent communication aspect, to enhance the efficiency of reservoir optimization dispatch and to improve the insufficiency of the classical CNP in the application of reservoir flood control dispatcher. Then, the capacity factor and the cooperation level are introduced in the module. Experiments are conducted on the Agentbuilder simulation platform to simulate reservoir flood control optimization dispatching with the improved CNP. The simulation results show the communication interactive efficiency and the performance of new protocol is superior to those of the classical CNP.

Distribution Patterns of Remaining Hydrocarbons Controlled by Reservoir Architecture of Distributary Channel with Different Channel Style: S2 Formation of Songliao Basin, China

1 Introduction Reservoir architecture analysis of distributary channel of Daqing oilfield has drawn consistent interest among development geologists and petroleum engineers over the last decade(Lv et al.,1999;Zhou et al.,2008;Zhang et

A Review of Reservoir Sedimentation Control and Storage Capacity Recovery

There are many reservoirs in China,and serious reservoir sedimentation affects reservoir function and reservoir safety.It is of great significance for restoring the reservoir capacity,improving the efficiency of the reservoir and prolonging the service life of the reservoir to carry out the research on reservoir sedimentation control and storage capacity recovery technology,in the case of fewer and fewer good dam sites suitable for the construction of the reservoir and the increasing accumulation of reservoir sedimentation.In this paper,influence factor of the storage loss,sedimentation control and reservoir capacity recovery technology in China are briefly reviewed.It is necessary to carry out research work on reservoir sedimentation investigation and reservoir siltation mechanism and control measures.

Strike-Slip Faults and Their Control on Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment in Carbonate Karst Reservoirs: A Case Study of Yingshan Formation on Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.

Present Situation and Control of Outbreaks of Algal Blooms in the Three Gorges Reservoir

After water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,there are no outbreaks of algal blooms in the main stream of the reservoir region,but the density of algae increases obviously. Outbreaks of algal blooms mainly appeared in the tributaries of the reservoir region such as the Xiangxi River,Daning River,Shennong River and Xiaojiang River,but they did not occur every year. The reasons for outbreaks of algal blooms in the tributaries are shown as follows: the existence of sources of algae(blue-green algae) in the Three Gorges Reservoir is the root cause,and the sources include sources existing and being produced in the reservoir and sources from upstream main stream and its tributaries and other related lakes and reservoirs,of which the sources are mainly from the Dianchi Lake; slight or moderate eutrophication of water is the basic condition;hydrologic and hydrodynamic conditions and suitable temperature are conducive to proliferation and aggregation of algae(blue-green algae) after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir until outbreaks of algal blooms appear. Outbreaks of algal blooms in the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region mainly appear in backwater reaches; they mainly occur in the tributaries in the north of the reservoir region and near to the dam;they mainly appear from March to July; the dominant species of algae( blue-green algae) in the Three Gorges Reservoir are Pyrrophyta,Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta,but they tend to change into blue-green algae and other algae. To control outbreaks of algal blooms in the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,it is needed to prevent water containing blue-green algae collected from the Dianchi Lake and other lakes and reservoirs from being input into the lower reaches,reduce pollution load flowing into the Three Gorges Reservoir,use enclosures to change hydrodynamic conditions of backwater reaches of the tributaries appropriately,and adopt biological measures such as culturing fish and planting plants to improve ecosystem of the tributaries and other measures to inhibit and eliminate algae and decrease eutrophication level.

Effect of Flood Peak Discharge Control by a Small Reservoir in an Urbanized Area—Case Study in the Kurabe River Basin, Japan

Recently severe damage of flooding by urbanization was frequently occurred. To prevent this damage, small reservoir was constructed in the urbanized residential area. This paper describes an effect of flood peak discharge control by a small reservoir (control reservoir) caused by rapidly developed urbanization. Although work for this purpose was conducted, research on the effects of the control reservoir was not conducted until now. This research, conducted by simulation, was a case study in the Kurabe River Basin in the Tedori River Alluvial Fan Area, Japan, based on the precise investigation of the reservoir in the actual field. The study was conducted to determine not only the actual control reservoir capacity for the newly developed residential area but also the ideal capacity for all present residential areas and the largest capacity allowable for a maximum rainfall event that recently occurred. The control reservoir effects between individual blocks and the entire basin area were compared by dividing the test basin into 15 blocks (sub-basins). The results showed that the effects on the capacity per unit area of the residential area in blocks have close relationship with the decreasing ratio of peak discharge in blocks. Consequently, the effects of control reservoir capacity and the limitation were clarified. In the future, control reservoirs should be constructed for all of the already developed residential areas, for example, by utilizing underground car parking lot. The results of this research can contribute to the design of the control reservoir for protection against flooding damage in urbanized areas.

Controlling factors of remaining oil distribution after water flooding and enhanced oil recovery methods for fracturecavity carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield

Based on comprehensive analysis of core, well logging, seismic and production data, the multi-scale reservoir space, reservoir types, spatial shape and distribution of fractures and caves, and the configuration relationship with production wells in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs were studied systematically, the influence of them on the distribution of residual oil was analyzed, and the main controlling factors mode of residual oil distribution after water flooding was established. Enhanced oil recovery methods were studied considering the development practice of Tahe oilfield. Research shows that the main controlling factors of residual oil distribution after water flooding in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can be classified into four categories: local high point, insufficient well control, flow channel shielding and weak hydrodynamic. It is a systematic project to improve oil recovery in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs. In the stage of natural depletion, production should be well regulated to prevent bottom water channeling. In the early stage of waterflooding, injection-production relationship should be constructed according to reservoir type, connectivity and spatial location to enhance control and producing degree of waterflooding and minimize remaining oil. In the middle and late stage, according to the main controlling factors and distribution characteristics of remaining oil after water flooding, remaining oil should be tapped precisely by making use of gravity differentiation and capillary force imbibition, enhancing well control, disturbing the flow field and so on. Meanwhile, backup technologies of reservoir stimulation, new injection media, intelligent optimization etc. should be developed, smooth shift from water injection to gas injection should be ensured to maximize oil recovery.

四川盆地东部侏罗系陆相页岩优质储层发育机理及其油气地质意义

四川盆地东部复兴地区涪页10井在侏罗系自流井组东岳庙段测试获得高产油气流,进一步证实了陆相页岩具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。但东岳庙段页岩具有高黏土矿物含量、富介壳夹层和较高有机质热演化程度等特殊性,是一种新类型陆相页岩,其优质储层发育特征及影响因素尚缺乏系统研究。为此,综合利用X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、压汞—液氮吸附联测、主微量元素分析和纳米CT等多技术手段,深入剖析了东岳庙段陆相页岩储层发育特征,探讨了优质页岩储层发育的控制因素,最后明确了其油气地质意义。研究结果表明:(1)东岳庙段陆相页岩具有“多孔缝共生—无机孔为主—大孔大喉”的储集空间发育特征,发育以黏土矿物晶间孔为主的8种类型孔隙和成岩收缩缝、生烃超压缝等类型微裂缝,无机孔占比为80%~90%,孔隙结构以介孔和宏孔为主,页岩孔喉半径较大,纹层状介壳/粉砂黏土页岩相和纹层状介壳黏土页岩相2种纹层状页岩具有较好的烃源岩品质,为东岳庙段优质储层类型;(2)纹层状介壳黏土页岩相储层具有“高黏土矿物扩孔—高演化生孔—层偶界面成缝—超压保孔缝”的成储机制,沉积环境控制了纵向上页岩垂向非均质性,高黏土矿物含量对增大储集空间有积极作用,半深湖沉积环境保障了优质岩相的发育,纹层沉积构造与页岩形成的层偶界面为应力弱面,易形成微裂缝;(3)较高有机质热演化阶段发生的黏土矿物转化作用、有机质热解和溶蚀作用直接影响了“大孔大喉”的储集空间特征,超压系统、致密介壳隔层为孔缝的保持奠定了保存基础。结论认为,取得的研究成果进一步完善了陆相复杂岩相页岩优质储层发育机理认识,丰富了中国陆相页岩油气地质理论,为新类型陆相页岩油气的勘探选区、选层提供了理论指导。

The control effect of low-amplitude structure on oil-gaswater enrichment and development performance of ultra-low permeability reservoirs

Based on drilling, logging, test production and dynamic monitoring data, the control effects of low-amplitude structure on hydrocarbon accumulation and development performance of ultra-low permeability reservoirs were discussed by using the methods of dense well pattern, multi-factor geological modeling, macro and micro analysis and static and dynamic analysis. The results show that the low-amplitude structure always had a significant control and influence on the distribution and accumulation of original hydrocarbon and water and the evolution trend of water flooding performance in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and it was not only the direction of oil and gas migration, but also a favorable place for relative accumulation of oil and gas. The controlling effect of low-amplitude structure on ultra-low permeability reservoir mainly depended on its tectonic amplitude and scale;the larger the tectonic amplitude and scale, and the higher the tectonic position of the low amplitude structure, the better the reservoir characteristic parameters, oil and gas enrichment degree and development effect, and the larger the spatial scope it controlled and influenced;water cut and oil well output always fluctuated orderly with the height of the low-amplitude structure;the dynamic response of waterflooding was closely related to the relative structural position of the injection and production wells;the injected water always advanced to the low-lying area of the structure first and then moved up to the high-lying area of the structure gradually;with the continuous expansion of the flooded area, part of the oil and gas in the low-lying part of the structure was forced to be distributed to the high part of the structure, resulting in a new oil and gas enrichment, so that the dynamic reserves of oil wells in the high part increased, and the production capacity remained stable.

准噶尔盆地东部隆起煤层气成藏条件与选区评价

准噶尔盆地东部隆起具有较好的煤层气勘探前景,开展煤层气选区与评价,将为该区煤层气勘探提供科学依据和勘探方向。利用探井钻测录试资料、岩心分析测试数据和地震资料,开展井—震标定和地震剖面解释,编制了侏罗系八道湾组和西山窑组煤层连井剖面和煤层厚度分布图;分析了研究区内煤层气气源、煤岩基本特征、储层物性、含气性和保存条件等成藏主控因素。研究表明:(1)西山窑组煤层在沙奇凸起以北五彩湾凹陷—梧桐窝子凹陷连片分布,在沙奇凸起以南则主要分布于吉木萨尔凹陷—吉南凹陷;八道湾组煤层分割性较强,主要分布于凹陷内部分地区。(2)区内存在自源型煤层生物成因气、低成熟热成因气和深部外源型高成熟气条件。(3)煤岩有机组分以惰质组为主,镜质组次之,壳质组少量;煤岩镜质组反射率低(0.39%~0.47%),为低煤级煤;煤岩瓦斯气体成分主要为N_(2)、CO_(2)和CH_(4),其中N_(2)占绝对优势;煤岩总含气量中可燃气体(CH_(4))含量低。(4)煤层气富集成藏模式分为山前断陷富集成藏模式、深部凹陷富集成藏模式和开放斜坡逸散模式。(5)建立了煤层气评价参数和划分标准,五彩湾凹陷、梧桐窝子凹陷、吉木萨尔凹陷和吉南凹陷为煤层气勘探有利区;沙帐断褶带和石钱滩凹陷为较有利区;石树沟凹陷和古城凹陷为不利区。

海上气藏采收率快速计算新方法

物质平衡、类比等方法是确定气藏采收率常用的方法,但其存在关键参数取值难度大、类比条件苛刻等问题。本文从开发角度出发,兼顾影响气藏开发效果的关键因素,同时考虑每类气藏样本数量,在将其分为气驱和边水驱2类气藏的基础上,优选井控储量及井控储量丰度为影响气藏采收率的主控因素,研究建立了2类气藏采收率计算经验公式。经预留的盲检样本检验表明,计算误差均小于10%,精度满足开发及生产管理要求。得到的采收率计算经验公式可以快速计算气藏采收率,在南海西部气藏应用效果较好,且可以为类似气藏采收率研究提供借鉴。

四川盆地蓬莱地区灯影组四段超深层白云岩储集层特征及主控因素

作为四川盆地超深层油气资源的主力产层之一,灯影组超深层碳酸盐岩储集层发育特征及其控制因素亟待进一步厘清。选取四川盆地内最新勘探突破的蓬莱地区灯影组灯四段超深层白云岩为主要研究对象,在野外露头、钻井岩心、显微薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜及物性测试数据等资料的基础上,开展了储集层特征及主控因素等方面的研究。结果表明:(1)蓬莱地区灯四段储集岩主要包括凝块石白云岩、叠层石白云岩、泡沫绵层白云岩和砂屑白云岩;储集空间主要包括砂屑白云岩的晶间孔、晶间溶孔和溶洞,凝块石白云岩、叠层石白云岩和泡沫绵层白云岩的原生格架孔洞和后期溶蚀作用形成的溶蚀孔缝等。(2)凝块石白云岩和叠层石白云岩多发育孔洞缝型和孔洞型储集层,均具有较好的物性,孔隙度能达到4%以上,但前者平均渗透率可达2.43×10^(-3)μm^(2),后者仅为0.35×10^(-3)μm^(2)。(3)综合分析成岩演化史,认为灯四段储集层先后经历了沉积—准同生阶段、表生阶段、浅—中埋藏阶段和深层—超深层埋藏阶段的成岩改造。(4)蓬莱地区灯四段储集层发育具有自台地内部向台地边缘逐渐减弱的分布规律,总体上显示“相—断裂—溶蚀”三元综合成储模式。本研究明确了四川盆地蓬莱地区超深层白云岩储集层的特征及主控因素,可为后续超深层油气资源勘探开发提供理论基础。

细粒沉积岩优质储集层发育主控因素分析:以渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷为例

为了深化对湖相细粒沉积岩储集层的认识,以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷渤南洼陷沙三下亚段(Es3L)为研究对象,利用岩心描述、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、物性分析和测井曲线,揭示了储集层特征、分布规律及其主控因素。基于矿物组成、沉积构造和有机质含量,将渤南洼陷Es3L细粒沉积岩划分为6类岩相:富有机质纹层状灰质细粒混积岩(LF1)、富有机质纹层状长英质细粒碳酸盐岩(LF2)、富有机质层状灰质细粒混积岩(LF3)、富有机质层状/块状长英质细粒碳酸盐岩(LF4)、富有机质层状含长英细粒碳酸盐岩(LF5)、含有机质块状含长英细粒碳酸盐岩(LF6)。储集层的主要储集空间为粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔和层间微裂缝,储集层孔隙度主要介于0.67%~5.56%之间(平均值为4.93%),渗透率主要介于(0.02~4.87)×10^(-3)μm^(2)之间(平均值为0.59×10^(-3)μm^(2))。渤南洼陷Es3L细粒沉积岩储集层分布的主控因素包括岩相、沉积环境、成岩作用和有机质热演化。渤南洼陷Es3L的中下部的陆源输入水平低、水体盐度大、水体分层性强,主要发育岩相LF2和LF4,容易发育Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类优质储集层。渤南洼陷Es3L细粒沉积岩储集层处于中成岩A阶段,黏土矿物转化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶和白云石化以及有机质热演化产生次生孔缝,改善了储集层物性。

鄂尔多斯盆地苏75区块中部盒8段储层特征及主控因素

文中基于岩心、薄片鉴定、物性测试及区域地质资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地苏75区块中部盒8段的储层特征及主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:苏75区块盒8段致密砂岩储层主要发育石英砂岩及少量的岩屑石英砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,局部可见含砾砂岩;储层主要表现为特低孔超低渗特征,部分为低孔低渗;储集空间为各类溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀缝和少量的原生孔隙,但溶蚀孔隙占比超过90%;不同岩相及沉积相中的储层物性差异较大,其中含砾粗砂岩的物性较其他岩性好,河道沉积微相中的储层较心滩微相及泛滥平原好;压实作用使得最初沉积时的孔隙度平均减小了22.36百分点,胶结作用使得原生孔隙度平均丧失了22.50百分点,溶蚀作用使得储层的孔隙度平均增加了15.80百分点;构造作用使得盒8段地层遭受多次不均匀抬升,形成了多条穿越盒8段的断层,地下流体沿着断层流动并与岩石发生各种溶蚀作用,进而扩大了储集空间,增强了储层的渗流能力。

水驱气藏水侵及开发效果主控因素数值模拟研究

水侵是水驱气藏开发过程中面临的主要问题之一。L1气田是优质大型深水水驱气田,明确影响气藏水侵和开发效果的主控因素,对于气田的高效开发有重要意义。因此,在明确气田各井水侵风险的基础上,开展了考虑多影响因素的气藏水侵数值模拟,明确了影响水驱气藏水侵和开发效果的主控因素。结果表明:L1气田存在较高见水风险;水体类型和水体倍数为影响气藏水侵和开发效果的Ⅰ类主控因素;井型和K_(z)/K_(r)(储层垂向渗透率与平面渗透率之比)是影响气藏水侵和开发效果的Ⅱ类主控因素;日产量、射开程度、地层倾角为影响气藏水侵和开发效果的Ⅲ类主控因素。在气藏实际开发中,需要优先考虑Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类主控因素的影响。该研究结果可指导气田后续见水预测及生产制度优化。