Coupling relationship and genetic mechanisms of shelf-edge delta and deep-water fan source-to-sink:A case study in Paleogene Zhuhai Formation in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,China

The coupling relationship between shelf-edge deltas and deep-water fan sand bodies is a hot and cutting-edge field of international sedimentology and deep-water oil and gas exploration.Based on the newly acquired high-resolution 3D seismic,logging and core data of Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB),this paper dissected the shelf-edge delta to deep-water fan(SEDDF)depositional system in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Paleogene in south subsag of Baiyun Sag,and revealed the complex coupling relationship from the continental shelf edge to deep-water fan sedimentation and its genetic mechanisms.The results show that during the deposition of the fourth to first members of the Zhuhai Formation,the scale of the SEDDF depositional system in the study area showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing,with deep-water fan developed in the third to first members and the largest plane distribution scale developed in the late stage of the second member.Based on the development of SEDDF depositional system along the source direction,three types of coupling relationships are divided,namely,deltas that are linked downdip to fans,deltas that lack downdip fans and fans that lack updip coeval deltas,with different depositional characteristics and genetic mechanisms.(1)Deltas that are linked downdip to fans:with the development of shelf-edge deltas in the shelf area and deep-water fans in the downdip slope area,and the strong source supply and relative sea level decline are the two key factors which control the development of this type of source-to-sink(S2S).The development of channels on the continental shelf edge is conducive to the formation of this type of S2S system even with weak source supply and high sea level.(2)Deltas that lack downdip fans:with the development of shelf edge deltas in shelf area,while deep water fans are not developed in the downdip slope area.The lack of“sources”and“channels”,and fluid transformation are the three main reasons for the formation of this type of S2S system.(3)Fans that lack updip coeval deltas:with the development of deep-water fans in continental slope area and the absence of updip coeval shelf edge deltas,which is jointly controlled by the coupling of fluid transformation at the shelf edge and the“channels”in the continental slope area.

Application of fluid modulus inversion to complex lithology reservoirs in deep-water areas

It has been a challenge to distinguish between seismic anomalies caused by complex lithology and hydrocarbon reservoirs using conventional fluid identification techniques,leading to difficulties in accurately predicting hydrocarbon-bearing properties and determining oil-water contacts in reservoirs.In this study,we built a petrophysical model tailored to the deep-water area of the Baiyun Sag in the eastern South China Sea based on seismic data and explored the feasibility of the tri-parameter direct inversion method in the fluid identification of complex lithology reservoirs,offering a more precise alternative to conventional techniques.Our research found that the fluid modulus can successfully eliminate seismic amplitude anomalies caused by lithological variations.Furthermore,the seismic databased direct inversion for fluid modulus can remove the cumulative errors caused by indirect inversion and the influence of porosity.We discovered that traditional methods using seismic amplitude anomalies were ineffective in detecting fluids,determining gas-water contacts,or delineating high-quality reservoirs.However,the fluid factor Kf,derived from solid-liquid decoupling,proved to be sensitive to the identification of hydrocarbon-bearing properties,distinguishing between high-quality and poor-quality gas zones.Our findings confirm the value of the fluid modulus in fluid identification and demonstrate that the tri-parameter direct inversion method can significantly enhance hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water areas,reducing associated risks.

Deep-water Fan Systems and Petroleum Resources on the Northern Slope of the South China Sea

The shallow shelf delta/strand arenaceous-pelitic deposit region in the north of the Pearl River mouth basin, sitting on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea, has already become an important oil production base in China. Recent researched has revealed that a great deal of deep-water fans of great petroleum potentiality exist on the Baiyun deep-water slope below the big paleo Pearl River and its large delta. Based on a mass of exploration wells and 2-D seismic data of the shallow shelf region, a interpretation of sequence stratigraphy confirmed the existence of deep-water fans. The cyclic falling of sea level, abundant detrital matter from the paleo Pearl River and the persistent geothermal subsidence in the Baiyun sag are the three prerequisites for the formation and development of deep-water fans. There are many in common between the deep-water shelf depositional system of the northern South China Sea and the exploration hotspots region on the two banks of the Atlantic. For example, both are located on passive continent margins, and persistent secular thermal subsidence and large paleo rivers have supplied abundant material sources and organic matter. More recently, the discovery of the big gas pool on the northern slope of the Baiyun sag confirms that the Lower Tertiary lacustrine facies in the Baiyun sag has a great potentiality of source rocks. The fans overlying the Lower Tertiary source rocks should become the main exploration areas for oil and gas resources.

Control effects of the synsedimentary faults on the basin-marginal fans in the central part of the deep-water area of early Oligocene Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

The synsedimentary faults and basin-marginal fans located in the central part of the deep-water area of the early Oligocene Qiongdongnan Basin have been investigated using seismic profiles,boreholes,and well-log data.Through the formations of the characterized paleogeomorphology,such as transverse anticlines,fault ditches,and step-fault belts,the synsedimentary faults are known to have controlled the development position,distribution direction,and extension scales of the basin-marginal fans.For example,at the pitching ends of two adjacent faults,transverse anticlines developed,which controlled the development positions and distributions of the fans.During the early Oligocene,the faults controlled the subsidence center,and fault ditches were formed at the roots of the faults.In the surrounding salient or low salient areas,which were exposed as provenance areas during early Oligocene,the fault ditches acted as the source channels and determined the flow paths of the clastics,where incised valley fills were obviously developed.The fault ditches which developed in the sedimentary basins were able to capture the drainage systems and influenced the distributions of the fans.The large boundary faults and the secondary faults generated two fault terraces and formed step-fault belts.The first fault terrace caused the clastics to be unloaded.As a result,fans were formed at the entrance to the basin.Then,the second fault terrace caused the fans to move forward,with the fans developing in a larger extension scale.The results obtained in this study will potentially be beneficial in the future prospecting activities for reservoirs and coalmeasure source rocks in the basins located in the deep-water areas of the South China Sea.

Reservoirs properties of slump-type sub-lacustrine fans and their main control factors in first member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Binhai area, Bohai Bay Basin, China

High-yielding oil wells were recently found in the first member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,the Binhai area of Qikou Sag,providing an example of medium-and deep-buried high-quality reservoirs in the central part of a faulted lacustrine basin.By using data of cores,cast thin sections,scanning electron microscope and physical property tests,the sedimentary facies,physical properties and main control factors of the high-quality reservoirs were analyzed.The reservoirs are identified as deposits of slump-type sub-lacustrine fans,which are marked by muddy fragments,slump deformation structure and Bouma sequences in sandstones.They present mostly medium porosity and low permeability,and slightly medium porosity and high permeability.They have primary intergranular pores,intergranular and intragranular dissolution pores in feldspar and detritus grains,and structural microcracks as storage space.The main factors controlling the high quality reservoirs are as follows:(1)Favorable sedimentary microfacies of main and proximal distributary gravity flow channels.The microfacies with coarse sediment were dominated by transportation and deposition of sandy debris flow,and the effect of deposition on reservoir properties decreases with the increase of depth.(2)Medium texture maturity.It is shown by medium-sorted sandstones that were formed by beach bar sediment collapsing and redepositing,and was good for the formation of the primary intergranular pores.(3)High content of intermediate-acid volcanic rock detritus.The reservoir sandstone has high content of detritus of various components,especially intermediate-acid volcanic rock detritus,which is good for the formation of dissolution pores.(4)Organic acid corrosion.It was attributed to hydrocarbon maturity during mesodiagenetic A substage.(5)Early-forming and long lasting overpressure.A large-scale overpressure compartment was caused by under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation pressurization related to thick deep-lacustrine mudstone,and is responsible for the preservation of abundant primary pores.(6)Regional transtensional tectonic action.It resulted in the structural microcracks.

Quality variations and controlling factors of deepwater submarine-fan reservoirs,Rovuma Basin,East Africa

The mechanisms causing quality variations and key control factors of submarine-fan reservoirs in the gas field X of the Rovuma Basin,East Africa are analyzed based on core and well-log data in this paper.Depositional fabric,lithofacies difference and characteristics of genetic units are the fundamental reasons of reservoir quality variations.In the case of weak cementation,porosity and permeability of submarine-fan reservoirs are controlled by grain sorting and clay content,respectively.Reservoir quality variations for 5 main lithofacies are related to variable depositional fabrics and calcite cementation.Among them,massive medium-coarse sandstones with weak cementation have the highest porosity and permeability,and coarser or finer sandstones have poorer reservoir quality.The existence of bottom current can develop laminated sandstones,improving the pore structure and physical properties greatly.Lithofacies vary among different types,locations and stages of genetic units,and they control the distribution patterns of submarine-fan reservoir quality:the physical properties of channel shaft or lobe main body are better than those of the channel or lobe edge.The sandstone sorting and physical properties are gradually improved from near-source to far-source.When multi-stage sand bodies are superimposed,the sand-mud ratio in the later stage is higher than that in the earlier stage,making the physical properties get better in the later stage.

A global satellite survey of density plumes at river mouths and at other environments: Plume configurations, external controls, and implications for deep-water sedimentation

The U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) has archived thousands of satellite images of density plumes in its online publishing outlet called 'Earth Observatory' since 1999. Although these images are in the public domain, there has not been any systematic compilation of configurations of density plumes associated with various sedimentary environments and processes. This article, based on 45 case studies covering 21 major rivers(e.g., Amazon, Betsiboka, Congo [Zaire], Copper, Hugli [Ganges], Mackenzie, Mississippi, Niger, Nile, Rhone, Rio de la Plata, Yellow, Yangtze, Zambezi, etc.) and six different depositional environments(i.e., marine, lacustrine, estuarine, lagoon, bay, and reef), is the first attempt in illustrating natural variability of configurations of density plumes in modern environments. There are, at least, 24 configurations of density plumes. An important finding of this study is that density plumes are controlled by a plethora of 18 oceanographic, meteorological, and other external factors. Examples are: 1) Yellow River in China by tidal shear front and by a change in river course; 2) Yangtze River in China by shelf currents and vertical mixing by tides in winter months; 3) Rio de la Plata Estuary in Argentina and Uruguay by Ocean currents; 4) San Francisco Bay in California by tidal currents; 5) Gulf of Manner in the Indian Ocean by monsoonal currents; 6) Egypt in Red Sea by Eolian dust; 7) U.S. Atlantic margin by cyclones; 8) Sri Lanka by tsunamis; 9) Copper River in Alaska by high-gradient braid delta; 10) Lake Erie by seiche; 11) continental margin off Namibia by upwelling; 12) Bering Sea by phytoplankton; 13) the Great Bahama Bank in the Atlantic Ocean by fish activity; 14) Indonesia by volcanic activity; 15) Greenland by glacial melt; 16) South Pacific Ocean by coral reef; 17) Carolina continental Rise by pockmarks; and 18) Otsuchi Bay in Japan by internal bore. The prevailing trend in promoting a single type of river-flood triggered hyperpycnal flow is flawed because there are 16 types of hyperpycnal flows. River-flood derived hyperpycnal flows are muddy in texture and they occur close to the shoreline in inner shelf environments. Hyperpycnal flows are not viable transport mechanisms of sand and gravel across the shelf into the deep sea. The available field observations suggest that they do not form meter-thick sand layers in deep water settings. For the above reasons, river-flood triggered hyperpycnites are considered unsuitable for serving as petroleum reservoirs in deep-water environments until proven otherwise.

Theoretical and technical progress in exploration practice of the deep-water large oil fields, Santos Basin, Brazil

The history and results of petroleum exploration in the Santos Basin, Brazil are reviewed. The regularity of hydrocarbon enrichment and the key exploration technologies are summarized and analyzed using the seismic, gravity, magnetic and drilling data. It is proposed that the Santos Basin had a structural pattern of two uplifts and three depressions and the Aram-Uirapuru uplift belt controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation. It is believed that the main hydrocarbon source kitchen in the rift period controlled the hydrocarbon-enriched zones, paleo-structures controlled the scale and quality of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs, and continuous thick salt rocks controlled the hydrocarbon formation and preservation. The process and mechanism of reservoirs being transformed by CO_(2)charging were revealed. Five key exploration technologies were developed,including the variable-velocity mapping for layer-controlled facies-controlled pre-salt structures, the prediction of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs, the prediction of intrusive/effusive rock distribution, the detection of hydrocarbons in lacustrine carbonates, and the logging identification of supercritical CO_(2)fluid. These theoretical recognitions and exploration technologies have contributed to the discovery of deep-water super-large reservoirs under CNODC projects in Brazil, and will guide the further exploration of deep-water large reservoirs in the Santos Basin and other similar regions.

Research on reservoir bed heterogeneity,interlayers and seal layers and controlling factors of 2+3 sands of upper second member,Shahejie Formation,in the west of the Pucheng Oilfield

Terminal fans have formed the sedimentary system of the 2＋3 sands of the upper second member, Shahejie formation in the west of the Pucheng Oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, East China. Based on well logging data and physical properties of the reservoir beds, the 2＋3 sands were divided into 16 sublayers. The heterogeneity of reservoir beds and distribution of interlayers and seal layers in the 2＋3 sands were investigated. The intra-layer heterogeneity and inter-layer heterogeneity primarily belong to the severely heterogeneous classification. The spatial differentiation of sedimentary microfacies resulted in a change of reservoir bed heterogeneity, strong in the middle and southern parts, weak in the northern part. Spatial distribution of interlayers and seal layers is dominated by sedimentary microfacies, and they are thick in north-eastern and middle parts, thin in the south-western part.

Sedimentary Features and Distribution of High-Quality Reservoirs in the Ledong Area, Yinggehai Basin

The Ledong-30 area is located in the southern part of the central depression of the Yinggehai basin, where the exploration activity aims to gas in the middle and deep strata is started lately. The previous studies on the sedimentary system and main controlling factors of reservoir formation are mainly focused on the middle and shallow strata above the Huangliu Formation. Based on a fine interpretation of seismic data, the sedimentary characteristics, internal structures, and distribution rules of submarine fans and gravity flow channels in the Ledong-30 area are analyzed in this paper. In addition, the dynamic migration processes of their planar distribution and the vertical evolution law (vertical sequence combinations and superposition features of turbidity events) are also addressed. At last, the internal structural characteristics of the gravity flow system and comprehensive formation mechanisms of the large-scale gravity flow sediments (turbidities fans) are also been analyzed, which is helpful for the prediction of favorable reservoir distribution. The results can be used directly to guide oil and gas exploration in the Ledong area of the Yinggehai basin.

海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组致密储层特征及有利区预测

综合运用岩心分析、铸体薄片、高压压汞等资料,对海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组储层特征及其主控因素开展了详细研究,并对有利区进行了定量综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)海拉尔盆地中部断陷带南屯组岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙度小于12%的样品数占总样品数的70.2%,渗透率小于1 mD的样品数占总样品数的66.3%,属于致密砂岩储层,储层储集空间主要为少量原生孔隙和大量次生溶蚀孔隙。(2)沉积相控制了研究区储层物性在空间上的总体分布规律,南屯组最有利的沉积相带是辫状河三角洲前缘和扇三角洲前缘亚相;压实作用对储层具有减孔效应,溶蚀作用普遍发育,形成了大量粒间和粒内溶孔,对储集性具有一定改善作用。(3)盆地中部断陷带发育缓坡断阶构造带、陡坡断阶构造带和洼槽带3种构造带,其中缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带为主要的油气聚集区带,其断裂的大量发育均早于或同期于烃源岩大量排烃阶段,为油气运移提供了通道。(4)将“沉积相-孔隙度-储层厚度-砂地比-埋藏深度”五要素进行叠合,定量评价有利储层发育区,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类优质储层主要分布在盆地中部断陷带的缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带。

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系长7油层组深水沉积特征及演化规律

以沉积学理论为指导,利用野外露头、钻井岩心、测井等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系长7油层组深水沉积特征包括相标志、沉积微相类型等进行了研究,并揭示了其沉积演化规律。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系长7油层组深水沉积的相标志包括:岩石中常见水平层理、鲍马序列、槽模沟模、滑动与滑塌构造、撕裂屑、泥包砾等沉积构造,含有深水双壳类和鱼类动物化石,粒度概率曲线中悬浮总体含量大且分选差,测井曲线上可见锯齿状、齿化箱形-钟形-指形、泥岩基线等特征。(2)研究区长7物源主要来自东北和南部2个方向,发育深湖—半深湖、湖底扇、浅湖沉积,湖底扇包括浊流和砂质碎屑流2种重力流类型,可进一步划分为重力流主水道、溢流沉积、重力流分支水道、分支水道间、朵叶体等微相。湖底扇主水道主要为砂质碎屑流沉积,分支水道和朵叶体主要为浊流沉积。(3)研究区长7沉积期,中南部主体发育深湖—半深湖、湖底扇沉积,东北部发育浅湖沉积;其中,东北方向发育4个湖底扇体,南部发育2个湖底扇体,半深湖/浅湖界线呈北西向延伸于延安—甘泉一带。长7^(3)亚段沉积期,深湖—半深湖范围最大,仅局部发育湖底扇;长7^(2)、长7^(1)亚段沉积期,湖底扇逐步增多,深湖—半深湖范围有所缩小,整体呈深湖—半深湖与湖底扇交互沉积态势。

物源—地貌双控背景下海底扇沉积储层特征及勘探意义:以琼东南盆地梅山组为例

琼东南盆地中新统梅山组海底扇是南海北部天然气勘探的重要目标,对其沉积机理、储层主控因素等进行深入研究对该区天然气增储上产有重要意义。根据海平面变化、海底地形地貌、同生断裂组合等因素,本文将琼东南盆地海底扇分为陆棚扇、斜坡扇和盆底扇3大类。根据大量的钻井岩心及分析测试资料,对该区海底扇储层进行了系统分析。研究表明,不同物源以及不同地貌单元海底扇储层物性差异较大,其中来自西部越东物源和西北部宁远河物源的盆底扇储层明显好于北部陵水河和万泉河物源的陆棚扇和斜坡扇。单一海底扇储层受到物源、海平面变化、扇体类型及内部构成以及底流改造等因素控制,其中海底扇类型及其内部组成、底流改造等是影响和控制深水沉积体储层品质的主要因素。相比而言,低位时期的缓坡断阶盆底扇、开阔洼地盆底扇和峡谷切割盆底扇是好—优质储层较为发育的深水沉积体,是重要勘探目标;而陡坡根部盆底扇和缓坡末级断阶盆底扇由于储层物性较差或储层不发育,勘探风险较大。因此,基于物源体系及地貌单元的海底扇储层研究成果可广泛应用于深水海底扇储层预测。

鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油水平井扇形井网地质工程一体化开发实践

多平台大范围规模布井是非常规资源高效动用的关键。由于黄土塬地貌特征和林缘区、水源区的限制,鄂尔多斯盆地庆城三叠系延长组长7页岩油的布井模式存在局限性。为进一步实现平台动用储量最大化,创新提出扇形井网布井方式。文章采用地质工程一体化方法,探究扇形井网不同布井方位对裂缝扩展和产能的影响,对扇形井网开展相应的裂缝间距和压裂次序优化,同时结合实际案例分析扇形井网下的压裂特征并对产能效果进行对比。研究结果表明,斜交水平井(水平段井轨迹与最小水平主应力夹角大于或等于15°)与常规水平井(水平段井轨迹与最小水平主应力夹角小于15°)相比,预测产能随偏转角度(布井方向与最小水平主应力方向的夹角)的增大而减小,当偏转角度大于45°时,产能差异进一步放大,同时模拟结果下的经济评价情况表明,当偏转角度为90°时,经济可行性最差,不建议布井;扇形井网模式下通过扩大裂缝间距和采用“从外到内”的压裂次序可以提高预测产能;斜交水平井裂缝首先沿垂直井筒方向延伸且震级较大,但在远场尺度下最大水平主应力方向仍然是裂缝扩展的主导因素;与常规水平井相比,斜交水平井储层改造体积小,但裂缝复杂程度高,缝网改造更充分;对比实际投产效果来看,斜交水平井累计产量低于常规水平井,但液面高度高且目前日产油量接近,存在一定开发潜力。

扇三角洲储层质量差异特征及控制因素研究

扇三角洲沉积作为一种重要油气储集场所,其储层质量差异特征对剩余油分布具有重要影响。前人认为砂岩储层的物性韵律和粒度韵律变化一致,粒度较粗的扇三角洲砂砾岩储层质量韵律和粒度韵律是否一致尚不清楚。以滦平盆地桑园剖面为研究对象,通过无人机拍摄、人工观测及室内岩石分析化验的方法,研究扇三角洲储层质量差异特征及控制机理。结果表明:1)小砾岩和粗砂岩分选适中,泥质含量低,原始孔隙高且更抗压实,储层物性最好;粒度变粗分选变差,粒度变细泥质含量增高,均会导致其储层物性变差。2)在正韵律分流河道和正韵律河口坝中,垂向上从底部向上由中-细砾岩变细至中-细砂岩,储层物性先变好再变差,横向上从中部向两侧粒度变细,储层物性变差;反韵律河口坝垂向上从底部向上由细砂岩变粗至粗砂岩、小砾岩,物性变好,横向上从中部向两侧粒度变细,储层物性变差。

渤中凹陷南部东二下段湖底扇储层控制因素及孔隙定量演化

渤中凹陷南部渐新统东二下段处于深水湖盆沉积环境,优质湖相烃源岩和大规模湖底扇广泛发育,是岩性油气藏勘探的有利区。基于录测井数据、岩石粒度、显微薄片、扫描电镜、流体包裹体等资料,开展渤中凹陷南部东二下段湖底扇储层特征与储层主控因素研究,建立孔隙定量演化模型。研究结果表明:东二下段湖底扇储层岩性以中—细粒岩屑石英长石砂岩为主,孔隙以溶蚀孔为主;湖底扇朵叶复合体内部的朵叶核部、分支水道等有利沉积相带是优质储层形成的基础;持续的压实作用和早晚两期胶结作用是导致孔隙不断损失的主因;有机酸溶蚀和异常高压保孔促溶是改善储层质量的关键。在埋藏过程中储层孔隙演化经历了早成岩A期快速压实减孔、早成岩B期快速压实-胶结减孔、中成岩A1期缓慢压实减孔-有机酸溶蚀增孔和中成岩A2期缓慢压实-胶结作用减孔等4个阶段,其中压实减孔总量为13.64%,早期胶结减孔量为8.24%,溶蚀增孔量为9.55%,尤其是发生在中成岩A1期末油气开始充注成藏之后的晚期胶结减孔量为7.12%,造成储层孔隙度显著降低。

The reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors of the sublacustrine fan in the Paleogene Dongying Formation, Bohai Sea,China

Sublacustrine fan is an important element in continental lacustrine basins and is significant for reservoir exploration. Oil and gas resources have been found in the sublacustrine fan sandstone reservoirs of the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the Bohai Sea. In this study, the characteristics of the sublacustrine fan reservoirs and the controlling factors are studied using information from logging, cores, physical properties,casting thin sections, X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, vitrinite reflectance, rock pyrolysis, manometry data,and 3D seismic data. The sublacustrine fans of the Dongying Formation in the LD10, QHD34, and BZ21 structures show high-quality reservoirs with porosity >15 % and permeability >5 m D. The main controlling factors of the high-quality reservoirs are attributed to the favorable sedimentary facies type and negligible compaction,and cementation, substantial dissolution of K-feldspar, overpressure, and the development of faults and fractures. A high-quality sublacustrine fan reservoir model has been established to explain how these factors affected the physical properties. The favorable targets for oil and gas exploration in the Dongying Formation of Bohai Sea include undercompacted sandy debris flow reservoirs showing the dissolution of K-feldspar, and the reservoirs which are connected to the source rocks by faults. This study provides insights to establish the relationship between sedimentology, diagenesis and reservoir quality. The results of this study are significant for the exploration and development of the sublacustrine fan sandstone reservoirs in the Bohai Sea and analogous sandstone reservoirs elsewhere.

渤海LD油田砂砾岩沉积特征及储层展布规律

渤海LD油田砂砾岩油藏开发方案实施后证实,南侧井区未成藏,北侧井区成藏,地质油藏模式发生较大变化。为探究其原因,利用岩心、薄片、钻测井、三维地震及开发动态等资料开展沉积储层研究,结果表明:沙二段为陡坡扇三角洲前缘沉积,物源供给受控于南北两侧沟谷,平面上发育两套沉积体;利用测井相识别出辫流坝、分支河道、河口坝、席状砂体等4类微相砂体,其中,辫流坝和分支河道沉积水动力强、砾石含量高,孔隙、微裂缝发育,储层物性好,为优势储层相;优势储层受控于沉积水流方向和古地貌,北侧砂体的展布与油气充注方向匹配较好,油气充满度高,是油田调整挖潜的主要目标,而南侧砂体未成藏。

孟加拉湾若开盆地上上新统深水沉积及储集特征分析

近年来,孟加拉湾北部若开盆地新生界沉积地层内不断取得深水油气勘探发现。本研究基于高分辨率3D地震反射资料,在若开盆地上上新统沉积地层内识别出水道、天然堤、朵体(决口扇、含分支水道朵体)、半深海泥、块体搬运沉积体等多种深水沉积单元。结合钻井的测井、岩屑样品结果,进一步确认了水道、天然堤、朵体沉积单元,并针对过井沉积体开展沉积储层特征及勘探潜力的分析和对比研究,获取了储层级别及其平面分布范围。由于若开盆地上新世以来沉积地层整体埋藏较浅,压实作用较弱且成岩作用程度低,水道、天然堤和朵体均可能为若开盆地中新统-上新统生物气的主力勘探烃藏提供储集空间。其中,蜿蜒型紧密叠置浊积水道是尤其具有厚沉积、强连通、广展布、高砂地比和高孔隙系数的优质深水油气储集类型。研究成果可为深水油气勘探提供重要指导和启示。

浊积扇沉积构成及主要单元储层差异:以琼东南盆地梅山组为例

浊积扇沉积构成单元主要包含内扇沟道,中扇沟道、朵叶主体,外扇朵叶、席状砂以及扇缘薄层席状砂等,各单元储层物性差异大,直接影响勘探开发部署,值得开展深入系统研究。本文基于琼东南盆地梅山组20个已钻浊积扇的沉积构成单元储层特征分析,建立了浊积扇主要沉积构成单元的岩—电—震特征及识别标志,详细分析了其主要沉积构成单元的砂体规模、几何形态、厚度变化、粒度分布、储层非均质性等要素。结果表明,中扇沟道—朵叶结合部巨厚层块状砂岩、外扇朵叶厚层砂岩和席状砂岩储层内部均匀,物性较好;内扇沟道砂岩内部非均质严重,储层物性受到影响;扇缘薄层席状砂岩由于层薄、粒度细、高含泥及高含钙而致密。钻探证明多口探井因部署在内扇沟道上未获商业产能;新部署在中扇沟道—朵叶结合部巨厚层砂岩与外扇席状砂的探井均获得了商业成功。