Investigation of Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) among Young People in Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between sociodemographic factors (gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and socioeconomic status) and HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprises all 36 states in Nigeria. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10,091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192;urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputting them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages;measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric test such as chi-square was used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. Results of data analysis indicated that the sociodemographic variables of gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and SES were significantly associated with HCT uptake. Among others, it was recommended that examining the efficacy of HCT treatments in Nigeria, along with conducting a demographic analysis of the at-risk population, could be beneficial in informing the authorities who are responsible for allocating finite medical resources.

中国流动人口概念和数据的有效性与国际可比性

The two concepts of“liudong renkou(floating population or FP)”and“renkou liudong(mobility of the floating population or MOFP)”,along with relevant data based on these two concepts,have long been used extensively in China’s research and policy making,playing a central role in Chinese studies of migration.Unlike the concepts of“migrant”and“migration”in the international literature,which are focused on people’s spatial mobility,“liudong renkou”and“renkou liudong”are identified and measured by the separation of one’s place of residence from one’s place of household registration(hukou),an approach inconsistent with relevant international practices.By analyzing various census data and data from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey(CMDS),this article examines the validity and reliability of these two concepts and the data based on them in the international context,revealing that they have become increasingly invalid and unreliable for the purpose of measuring migration events since China’s reform and opening up in the late 1970s.The results further demonstrate that these two concepts and the data based on them have become increasingly detached from real migration events and processes.They may become invalid by overestimating the volume of the mobile population,ineffective due to systematic omission of certain mobile populations(such as urban-urban migrants),or misleading as to the changing direction of migration flows.In addition,data on the floating population cannot be used to calculate migration rates and are not comparable in the international context.The concepts of“liudong renkou”and“renkou liudong”and data based on these two concepts may still need to be used in China for a long period of time due to the continuing existence of the hukou system and its roles in the provision of public services,social welfare and social security.However,we argue that concepts,measurements,and methods of data collection in research on migration in China should be gradually shifted to and focused on migrations as spatial events;further,transition data,based on an individual’s residence five years ago and one year ago,should be gradually adopted as the main data source and included in the short form of future censuses;additionally,migration event data based on population registration and administrative records should be used more fully,so that China’s migration research can be conducted on the solid basis of valid and reliable data sources.