Change Trend of Chinese Urban Residents' Food-nitrogen Consumption

Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.

Issues of Expansion of China Rural Resident Consumption

The international financial crisis on our economic development resulted in the inevitable impact on Chinese economy. In order to get rid of the impact, the expansion of domestic demand has been a crucial means of steady economic growth in China. However, the farmers over seven million account for a large proportion should be the main consumers in China. On the contrary, the current lack of domestic demand in China, which is mainly in rural consumption, is the lack of the critical issues of our efforts to expand domestic demand. This paper clarified the factors restricting China rural residents＇ consumption demand expansion, and on this basis explored the expansion of rural residents＇ consumption demand countermeasures. Empirical analysis was used to prove the low level of income of rural residents＇ constraints, and also to expose the fact that social security system was imperfect. Meanwhile, rural infrastructure restricted the consumption level of rural residents. The consumer market is an effective way to improve rural residents＇ consumption demand.

Teaching Ultrasound Imaging for Central Line Placement—A Resident’s Perspective

The availability of ultrasound (US) devices has refined techniques for vascular access. The resident trainee’s ability to learn US techniques depends upon device availability, skills, and motivation of instructors. We hypothesized that hands-on teaching program of US techniques for vascular access would have a positive impact on the trainee’s perceptions. After IRB approval, PGY3 anesthesiology residents with limited prior experience in US-guided vascular access underwent close supervision by attending staff as they performed US-guided Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) central line placements. A total of 66 land mark (LM) and 75 US-guided IJV cannulation performed by 19 residents were supervised. Residents completing the study were more proactive with 68.4% agreeing to use US based techniques for an anticipated difficulty in accessing central lines. The graduating residents involved in the study all strongly agreed that US imaging for vascular access was within the scope of practice of all anesthesiologists, and that training guidelines be established and incorporated in their practice. Fifty eight percent of residents stated that their confidence and skill levels had significantly improved. Teaching US-guided techniques resulted in an increase employment of such techniques by graduating residents with no impediment attributed to knowledge deficits or inexperience. Residents were more proactive with using US for anticipated difficulty in IJV placement. A short neck, poor landmark, anticoagulation, morbid obesity favored US use by residents. Systematic teaching of US techniques is justified as it significantly improves the resident’s perceptions and confidence.

Soft Computing of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Using an Improved T–S Fuzzy Neural Network

It is difficult to measure the online values of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) due to the characteristics of nonlinear dynamics, large lag and uncertainty in wastewater treatment process. In this paper, based on the knowledge representation ability and learning capability, an improved T–S fuzzy neural network(TSFNN) is introduced to predict BOD values by the soft computing method. In this improved TSFNN, a K-means clustering is used to initialize the structure of TSFNN, including the number of fuzzy rules and parameters of membership function. For training TSFNN, a gradient descent method with the momentum item is used to adjust antecedent parameters and consequent parameters. This improved TSFNN is applied to predict the BOD values in effluent of the wastewater treatment process. The simulation results show that the TSFNN with K-means clustering algorithm can measure the BOD values accurately. The algorithm presents better approximation performance than some other methods.

Cotton's Water Demand and Water-Saving Benefits under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Film Mulch

The primary purpose of this research was to give suitable irrigation program according to the growth period and water requirement.A cotton field experiment with mulched drip irrigation was conducted at the National Field Observation and Research Station for Oasis Farmland Ecosystem in Aksu of Xinjiang in 2008.Water balance method was adopted to study the water requirement and water consumption law of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in Tarim Irrigated Area.Statistical analysis of experimental data of irrigation indicates that the relationship between yield of cotton and irrigation presents a quadratic parabola.We fit the model of cotton water production on the basis of field experimental data of cotton.And the analysis on water saving benefit of cotton under mulched drip irrigation was done.Results indicate that water requirements for the irrigated cotton are 543 mm in Tarim Irrigated Area.The water requirements of seedling stage is 252 mm,budding stage is 186 mm,bolling stage is 316 mm and wadding stage is 139 mm.the irrigation amount determines the spatial distribution of soil moisture and water consumption during cotton life cycle.However,water consumption at different growth stages was inconsistent with irrigation.Quantitatively,the water consumed by cotton decreases upon the increase of irrigation amount.From the perspective of water saving,the maximal water use efficiency can reach 3 091 m3/ha.But the highest cotton yield needs 3464 m3/ha irrigation water.In summary,compared to the conventional drip irrigation,a number of benefits in water saving and yield increase were observed when using plastic mulch.At the same amount of irrigation,the cotton yield with plastic mulch was 30.2% higher than conventional approaches,and the efficiency of water utilization increased by30.2%.While at the same yield level,29.3% water was saved by using plastic mulch,and the efficiency increased by 41.5%.

Study on Characteristics of Consumption Demand and Its Constraints of Rural Areas in China

Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight minority provinces,finally, concludes with some specific proposals. That includes increasing peasant’s income, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, establishing perfect rural social security system and promoting reasonable and healthy consumption of peasants.

Booming Demand in China’s Second-hand Market——2018 Development Report for China Second-hand E-businesses

On June 3rd,JD.com announced that Paipai,its second-hand commodity trade platform,was strategically merged with Aihuishou(Love Recycling)which is one of the largest electronics recycling platforms in China.Recently,the Ecommerce Research Centre of 100ec.cn released the2018 Development Report for China Second-hand E-businesses(hereinafter referred to as the Report),which indicated that as of the end of 2017.

The Mixture Japanese and Western Style in the Image of theGovernor-General’s Residence of Taiwan Under Japanese Rule 1

This paper focused on Japan who was as a new colonial government in Taiwan under Japanese rule,during the period of which took official buildings or urban planning mainly of a series of Western European-style architecture as a ruler’s cultural identity and a modern Taiwan policy.However,in the context of East Asian modernity,the basic colonial not only mixed Eurocentric,but also included Japan Center and the interaction between the two.Therefore,the scope of research and discussion shall have regarded to the non-Western,non-white nature of the Japanese Empire,and its colonial/modernity construction is another new model.Taiwan Governor-General’s Residence as the Governor-General’s residence for Japanese government combined administrative office,daily living,and social life,showing a symbol of Japan’s colonial ruling class,and a hostel to greet Japanese royal family and the nobility from time to time.As a mansion of both Western Baroque and Japanese style,its architectural design has class meaning,therefore it featured with a class-separation building,also combined the leisure of Western high society.The associated festivals at that time included tea party,fairs and royal family welcoming pilgrimage,the part of which with a strong political implication.This paper mainly uses the images of the Taiwan Governor-General’s Residence during the Japanese rule period and the literature at that time to restore the mixed taste and Japanese-Western style of Taiwan at that time.The Japanese colonists ruled the complex interactions of different ethnic groups in Taiwan.

China's Auto Market Demand Potential

In the 1980s, China’s auto market saw three dramatic fluctuations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the market, as a whole, has become calm and stable without any major changes, though it has never evaded occasional rises and fails. The pattern of demand on the market has been generally set and clear, and has begun to grow steadily. In view of the present situation, two major categories of vehicles—office-use and business or service use cars and trucks—have long been in demand on the market, almost dominat-

TRANSFORM THE MECHANISM OF RENMINBI’S EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM IN CONFORMITY WITH THE DEMAND OF MARKET ECONOMY——The academic report delivered at the Annual Meeting of NNCIFS on October 1993

Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,

China's Growing Demand For PVC

ChinawillneedmorepolyVinylchloride(PVC)in1999,ChinaLightindustryNewsreports.PVCisusedintheproductionofplasticsandplasticsheetingforagriculturaluse.IndusalanalystspredictariseinPVCdemandbecauseoftheincreaseduseofthesheeting.TheexpansionofChina'slandco...

Status and Perspective of Demand Resource Market in Korea＇s Electric Power Industry

This paper calls attention to the demand resource market in Korea which opened in 2008 to reduce customers＇ consumption at critical times and, at the same time, secure the load that can be shut down. In Korea, the demand resource market is operated by either forward market or spot market. The discussion here is limited to the operations of the demand resource spot market. As the demand response program has matured in the smart grid environment, KPX （Korea Power Exchange） will shortly complete the development of the real-time demand resource trading system, taking into account an integrated dispatch system.

Saurer's View The Chinese Demand Optimisim

Mr. H Fischer, the CEO of Saurer’s Speech on Chinese Textile Machinery Market and Investments in 2006 at the China Textile Round Table Forum, Beijing.

China's economic growth pushed by domestic demand and relevant measures

By contrast to a slowdown in the world economy, China kept up a rapid growth rate, a relatively high quality of growth and low inflation for the year 2001. This is mainly due to the result of proactive fiscal policies that the Chinese Government adopted to stimulate domestic demand. Domestic demand can be divided into investment demand and consumption demand,

Domestic Demand-Based Economic Globalization： Strategic Choice for China to Profit from the Second Wave of Globalization

China＇s first wave of economic globalization is characterized by its full utilization of foreign advanced, especially innovative, production factors in the domestic market to develop its innovation economy. China＇s participation in global economy can be described as fully utilizing domestic low-end production factors through foreign markets. This type of participation has been overdone. As China aims to engage in a second wave of economic globalization, the focus is to implement an in-depth globalization strategy under the condition of expanding domestic demands, namely and to develop the global economy based on domestic demands, The purpose is to achieve an economic rebalance with the world and help China out of its overcapacity predicament in weaker global economic climates. Moreover, it will bring China a chance to introduce foreign advanced factors to accelerate growth and develop innovation economy by turning economic crisis in the West into opportunities.