Application of Variable Strategies in the Low-cost and Energy-saving Rural Residences in Transitional Areas

Changeful and complex rural family structure and climatic features of transitional areas in China make the application of variable strategy in energy-saving rural residence designs possible.Aiming at the low cost,several effective and reasonable variable strategies were proposed for the design of interior spaces,main bedroom,sunshine room,staircase,west wall,door and window design to satisfy changing structure of a family during different periods and their different thermo-technical requirements in winter and summer.In this way,thermal comfort of rural indoor spaces will be improved,more energy saved,useful experience and thoughts provided for the energy-saving residence design in cold regions and regions hot in summer and cold in winter.

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an improved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the results of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

Study on Characteristics of Consumption Demand and Its Constraints of Rural Areas in China

Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight minority provinces,finally, concludes with some specific proposals. That includes increasing peasant’s income, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, establishing perfect rural social security system and promoting reasonable and healthy consumption of peasants.

Research on Current Situation and Thermal Performance of Rural Residences in Chaoshan Area in China (I)——Typical House Structure, Material Structure and Energy Consumption

Based on the field study and site test, the development and evolution of rural residence in Chaoshan Area have been illustrated. Two types of residences, that is, tradition-inheriting type and city-imitating type, have been classified. Furthermore, residences of tradition-inheriting type have been divided into four types. Then, the construction materials, structure and energy-saving facilities of rural residences in Chaoshan have been analyzed, aiming to provide a foundation for thermal performance and energy saving design of rural residences in Chaoshan Area.

Natural Ventilation of Modern Residences in Rural Area in Guangdong Meishan City of China

By taking a modern residence in Meishan area as an example,15 measuring points have been set,and the wind speed of the parlor on the first and second floor and that of many bedding rooms have been measured every other hour from 7:00 to 22:00.Based on the measuring data and indoor architectural pattern,indoor ventilation has been analyzed.The results show that good natural ventilation could be created in modern rural residence by making use of plane layout,orientation and openings' organization,so that indoor air can be distributed evenly,helping to reduce temperature and remove humidness;indoor wind speed of the openings of architectures is the largest;and architectural orientation and opening's position can guide air flow and help to improve natural ventilation obviously.

共同富裕背景下被撤并乡镇驻地集镇打造城乡融合节点思路研究——以浙江省为例

被撤并乡镇原政府驻地集镇作为“由镇变村”逆向城镇化发展的特殊类型,分布量大面广,是城乡融合、差异互动的重要节点。通过对浙江省不同地区50个被撤并乡镇原政府驻地集镇发展情况的实地调查研究,发现其面临美丽城镇和美丽乡村“两不靠”的尴尬困境,未能发挥在特色产业、居住功能、文化价值、资源利用等方面的应有价值,发展严重滞后。在浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区战略背景下,发挥好老集镇城乡融合节点作用,加快推动转型发展,对于消除新型城镇化发展盲区、优化城乡发展格局,实现乡村振兴共同富裕具有重要意义。

鲁南地区农宅冬季老年人适应性热舒适评价研究

采用控制温度的方法,在2021年12月份对鲁南地区典型农宅房间进行了热湿环境测试与主观问卷调查。研究结果表明:老年人平均服装热阻为1.63 clo;考虑老年人心理、生理特点以及行为习惯等,得到的农村地区冬季老年人热中性温度为17.83℃,80%可接受热舒适温度为15.78~19.93℃,热期望温度为21.63℃;建立了室外空气温度与室内热中性温度的拟合曲线,得到了适应性热舒适模型。

数字创新创业赋能城乡共同富裕的实证检验

文章基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证检验数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的影响及作用机制。结果表明,数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕具有显著促进作用。异质性分析结果表明,相较于数字创新,数字创业对城乡共同富裕的促进效应更强;数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的促进作用在西部、东北地区更加显著。作用机制检验结果表明,数字创新创业通过优化居民收入结构、提升技术创新能力,促进城乡共同富裕。因此,应激发乡村数字创新创业活力,促进城乡共同富裕;提升乡村企业技术创新水平,优化乡村居民收入结构;实施差异化发展策略,缩小城乡群体数字鸿沟。

以情动人:干部驻村制度有效落地的全过程透视

干部驻村是一种具有鲜明情感属性的制度安排,其有效性最终指向于乡村治理水平的提升。基于华北L村的田野调查,并尝试搭建“以情动人”的分析框架,可以将干部驻村制度有效落地的全过程分成缘情入里和情感动员两个前后相承的阶段。缘情入里沿着差序性的村治权力格局逐步推展,其以驻村干部获得村支书的情感支持为开端,而后依次与村庄骨干、普通村民建立起情感关联,调和了外来制度与内生情感秩序的差异。情感动员则指向于破解村庄遭遇的治理难题,其从驻村干部、村支书、村庄骨干达成情感共识起步,再调动普通村民的主体性与参与感,重新把村庄凝聚为具有浓厚情感气息的有机体。以情动人凸显出情感之于乡村治理实践和干部驻村制度的关键意义,对于乡村振兴中加强乡村治理及提升驻村干部治理能力也有启示价值。

政府社会保障和就业支出对城乡收入差距的影响:机制与证据

城乡二元结构是制约城乡一体化发展的一大障碍,而政府社会保障和就业支出是促进城乡融合发展、畅通城乡要素流动和缩小城乡差距的重要政策工具。文章基于2003—2018年中国地级市面板数据,系统分析社会保障和就业支出对城乡居民收入分配的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:社会保障和就业支出的增加有利于促进城乡劳动力流动,提高城镇化水平,进而缩小城乡居民收入差距。今后应进一步优化社会保障和就业支出结构以及相关政策,增强城乡居民参保意识,健全农业转移人口市民化长效机制,提升社会保障和就业支出的有效性、及时性,更好地推动城乡融合发展。

道路路基病害体成因及修复探讨

结合工程实例,分析已建成通车多年的城市道路或城镇化地区公路出现的路基病害体成因,初步探讨相应的路基维修对策,以期为类似项目提供参考依据。

Development Strategies for Rural Key Circulation Service Network

The rural key circulation service network is an important channel for ensuring agricultural products'entry to market and urban industrial products'entry to rural areas.Through in-depth survey and research,we took a look at development changes and current situations of three circulation service networks,namely,circulation of nondurable consumer goods,circulation of agricultural means of production,and circulation of agricultural products.Based on several key problems in rural circulation service network,such as logistics problem,delivery problem,backward transaction mode,and the last kilometer information,we put forward corresponding development countermeasures.

Effects of a Stress Management Program Based on Psychological Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease after Retirement in an Underpopulated Area: A Pilot Study

Background: To develop an effective health education program to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged residents after retirement in underpopulated areas, we explored the effects of a stress management program based on the type A behavior pattern. Methods: This study was carried out in a rural city in Japan recognized as underpopulated and participants were civil servants aged 45 - 64 who joined a stress management program offered as part of staff training. Learning materials for the program were developed based on the type A behavior pattern. Measures for the impact evaluation were Bloom’s learning domains and stage of change for stress management practice. Measures for the outcome evaluation were KG’s Daily Life Questionnaire (KG Questionnaire), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score (CVD risk score). We statistically analyzed changes in each item between time points. Results: Eighteen participants completed questionnaire surveys at pre-, post-, and 4 weeks post-program and eleven had complete blood pressure and weight measurements at pre- and post-program. In the impact evaluation, the Friedman test found significant differences between the three time points in all of Bloom’s learning domain scores and stage of change for stress management. In the post hoc analysis, a significant increase was seen between pre- and post-program and between pre- and 4 weeks post-program in cognitive domain score, psychomotor domain score and stage of change for stress management. In the outcome evaluation, a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was seen between pre- and post-program. Conclusion: The present study suggested that a stress management program using learning materials based on type A behavior could promote stress management practices and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This stress management program is expected to be useful as a health promotion activity for middle-aged residents after retirement in underpopulated areas.

金融科技促进了农民增收吗?

促进农民增收是乡村振兴战略的重要目标之一,也是当前实现共同富裕最艰巨最繁重的任务。本文基于我国2013—2020年省级面板数据,构建农村三产融合发展水平的综合评价指标体系,探究金融科技与农民收入增长之间的关系。结果表明,金融科技发展显著促进了农民收入增长。机制分析发现,金融科技通过农业产业链延伸、农业多功能性发挥与农业服务业发展等农村三产融合发展路径积极作用于农民收入增长。同时金融科技发展与农民收入增长存在动态非线性关联。异质性分析表明,数字接入水平相对较高省份与农村人力资本水平相对较高省份的金融科技增收效应更强。为更好发挥金融科技对农民收入增长的带动作用,应进一步推行差异化的金融科技支持政策,打造农村三产融合发展支撑点,强化农村金融科技发展的人力物力保障,夯实农村金融科技创新发展的基础。

适应使用者新需求的关中乡村民宿空间更新设计研究

乡村“民宿热”后,以农户自建房改造类为主的民宿建筑因空间品质等问题陷入经营困境,严重阻碍了乡村休闲旅游可持续发展。地方村民作为此类民宿的核心魅力,探讨使用者与空间的作用关系是推动民宿空间更新的重点。以关中地区为例,通过典型案例入户调研民宿使用者——农户与游客的行为需求现状,总结民宿内农户自用空间、客房空间、游客休闲空间以及主客共享空间的利用特征与问题,从而提出功能构成与组织优化、空间改造设计方法。

基于乡村振兴示范区建设的云南潞江镇传统村落振兴路径研究

传统村落是见证乡村人居环境演变规律的遗产宝库,潜藏着传统营造智慧和生计策略,是中华农耕文明和民族文化传承的精神家园。边疆少数民族地区的传统村落是推进乡村振兴建设的前沿阵地,探索其振兴路径成为新时期的重点任务。研究以潞江镇老城和坪河传统村落为对象,通过漫步叙事方法,以居民简述视角开展传统村落资源禀赋识别,从场所、村域、区域三个尺度解析资源特征和发展问题。基于乡村振兴示范区建设背景,提出以多民族共建共荣共享为主线、以民族文化传承与保护为核心、以自然资源共生与转化为途径、以区域内三产共生共融为骨架和以构建点到点联动机制为经脉的“人村境业制”传统村落乡村振兴路径,同时,基于不同尺度挖掘和识别民族文化、自然景观和人文资源特征,探索传统村落融合联动发展的途径。

中国经济发达地区城郊乡村聚落的功能转型与形态演化

中国经济发达地区的城郊村落在城镇化进程中,拥有独特的发展条件,也面临“非城非乡”的发展困境,并在新型城镇化建设的国家战略导向下,正在进入新的发展阶段。其显著的城乡过渡性、边界不稳定性和动态变化性等特征,及由此引发的一系列人地关系矛盾,受到学界的广泛关注。本研究选择中国经济发达地区的代表城镇杭州市瓜沥镇为对象,对瓜沥镇64个乡村进行广泛调查,并在其中选择了13个相似自然条件的乡村,从其500 m尺度样本的差异化形态的定性分析入手,探讨瓜沥乡村功能转型与形态演化动态耦合关系。最后,以三个典型样本的多功能转型过程,探讨了经济发达地区城郊乡村聚落多功能转型的实现路径。本研究揭示了瓜沥乡村聚落的功能转型经历了起步、分化、冲突和协同四个阶段。在政策及资金的倾斜作用下,政府引导的治理创新对乡村聚落的多功能协同发展起到关键作用。该研究结果对于阐明发达地区乡村聚落的演变过程,探讨其未来的规划与发展策略具有积极的理论价值与实践指导作用。

宁夏移民安置区土地承载力评价与乡村振兴路径选择——以闽宁镇为例

人口的大量迁入和城镇化的快速推进导致移民安置区出现人地关系紧张、土地利用冲突严重等问题,评价土地承载力及探索特色化乡村振兴路径已成为促进移民安置区可持续发展的必然要求。选取宁夏典型生态移民安置区——闽宁镇为研究区,对其土地承载力进行定量评价,并探索符合闽宁镇乡村振兴战略和生态文明建设的可持续发展模式和路径。结果表明,闽宁镇人均土地承载力由大到小依次为耕地、建设用地、草地、林地、工矿用地、水域,且总土地承载力与人均土地承载力呈正比关系。基于此结果,闽宁镇在确定乡村振兴路径时应选择生态农业和特色乡村旅游发展模式,尽量控制工矿业的发展,以减少工矿用地的承载压力,发挥耕地、建筑用地和草地等地类土地承载力较大的优势,主要发展生态农业和乡村特色旅游等产业,加强基础设施建设,使闽宁镇在土地、生态与环境可持续发展的前提下实现乡村振兴目标。

农村电商发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响

依据2013—2019年全国省级面板数据和阿里研究院淘宝村数据,采用OLS回归模型和中介效应模型,实证分析农村电商发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响作用,以及农村产业结构和农民收入结构在其路径关系中的中介效应。结果表明,农村电商发展显著缩小了城乡居民收入差距,但存在显著区域异质性,即农村电商发展对缩小东、中部地区城乡居民收入差距的作用显著强于西部地区;且农村产业结构与农民收入结构在这一过程中发挥中介作用。对此,各级政府应因地制宜提升农村电商发展水平,激发农村电商赋能带动作用,促进农村产业整体升级和农民收入结构优化,让农村电商及其带动创造的利润更多留在农村、留给农民,助力城乡居民收入差距缩小和城乡共同富裕。