Research on the Influence of the Digital Economy on Transforming Consumption Behavior Among Residents

Drawing on the essence of Marxist consumer economy theory,this paper argues that the innovations of digital technology can effectively facilitate the integration of economies of scale,economies of scope,and long-tail economies.Through careful analysis of the practical case of Xiaomi’s business ecosystem,this paper highlights the notion that data serve as both a key production factor and a critical consumption carrier within the context of digital consumption.We thoroughly investigated the influence of the digital economy on transforming consumption behavior among residents by analyzing a range of typical business cases and the latest data that triggered this transformation.Based on the analysis,this paper argues that such transformation can lead to the platform agglomeration effect,the inclusive diffusion effect,and the push-pull effect by highlighting the specific ways in which the digital economy disrupts the consumption-production model and contributes to the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries.Additionally,this paper demonstrates how the digital economy can expand and promote emerging business forms,providing insights into the ways in which digital innovation is reshaping the contemporary economic landscape.This study intends to provide several policy suggestions that can expand domestic demand,promote consumption,drive the high-quality and integrated development of China’s digital and real economy,and position China as a strong cyber and consumer nation by using digitalized consumption as a starting point.

An Empirical Study on the Coupling and Coordination of Health Investment, Resident Health and Economic Growth in Sichuan Province —Based on a Modified Coupling Model

We should calculate the coupling degree of medical investment, resident health and economic growth in Sichuan Province, and make clear the coordinated development of the aforementioned three factors. In that, the government was able to formulate policies that feature the positive interaction and coordinated development of regional medical investment, health and economy. Methods on index system for the evaluation of health investment, resident health and economic growth were constructed, and the coupling and coordination degree of the three systems were empirically studied based on the entropy weight method, the coupling coordination model and the gray correlation method. From the perspective of time series, the overall coupling and coordination level of Sichuan Province is relatively low, and the comprehensive development level of health investment and economic growth system has lagged behind the resident health system;from the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, in 2019, the coordinated development level of health investment resident health and economic growth coupling in western Sichuan, southern Sichuan, northern Sichuan, eastern Sichuan and northern Sichuan is in the primary coordination stage, but there is a lag in the development of the health investment system between western Sichuan and southern Sichuan, and there is a lag in the development of the economic growth system between northern Sichuan and eastern Sichuan. From the analysis of gray correlation degree, the main correlation factors are diverse. All in all, the overall coordination level of health investment, resident health and economic growth in Sichuan Province is relatively low, and in order to achieve its coordinated development, it is necessary to narrow regional differences, formulate coordinated development strategies according to local conditions, and improve the overall coordination level.

Empirical Analysis on the Relations between Rural Residents' Consumption and Economic Growth——A Case of Liaoning Province

Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.

Ranking and Clustering of the Economic Status of Rural Residents in 31 Provinces and Regions in China

In order to rank and cluster the economic status of rural residents in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, the MATLAB software is used and the component analysis and the cluster analysis are conducted on the data reflecting the economic status of each area. The results show that the provinces or cities with high comprehensive , scores are Shanghai Municipality, Beijing Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Tianjin Municipality, Guangdong Province, Fujian Province, Shandong Province and Liaoning Province according to priority; the provinces or autonomous regions with low comprehensive scores are Gansu Province, Guizhou Province , Tibet, Uygur autonomous region and Yunnan Province. The economic status of rural residents in the 31 provinces and autonomous regions are partly parallel with the comprehensive economic development. The improvement of the economic status of rural residents is helpful for the overall economic elevation. Therefore, the government should coordinate the economic development of urban and rural areas, industry and agricultural, developed region and undeveloped region, and coastal areas and central and western areas to maximize the social welfare of the whole nation.

Commercial cash crop production and households'economic welfare:Evidence from the pulse farmers in rural China

Whether promoting cash crop production can increase household welfare has long been the focus of the food policy debate.This study first investigated the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming.It then examined how households'commercial pulse production improves their economic welfare.We used a dataset of 848 households collected from 2018 to 2019 to estimate the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming by the Heckman two-step model.The endogenous treatment regression(ETR)method was employed to examine the impact of commercial pulse farming on household economic welfare.The results showed that factors such as market purchase prices,agricultural technology services,farmers'access to loans,and government subsidies promoted smallholders'commercial pulse farming;production costs and perceptions of climate change risks constrained smallholders'commercial pulse production.Overall,commercial pulse production has increased household farm income but there was a limited impact on household off-farm income.Our findings suggest that policies aiming to increase households'cash crop production and market access could significantly improve the economic welfare of pulse farmers.

The interaction effect of foreign capital inflows and financial development on economic welfare in sub-Saharan Africa

This study examines the interaction effects of foreign capital inflows and financial development on economic welfare in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).Estimates based on the system-GMM estimator using panel data on 23 SSA countries for 2000 to 2013 establish several results.First,the interaction between foreign capital inflows and financial development positively affects economic welfare in SSA.However,this effect was negative after one year.Second,the partial indirect effects of foreign capital inflows on economic welfare,conditional on the level of financial development,are positive,though they become negative after one year.Third,the total effect of foreign capital inflows on economic welfare is positive.The effect becomes negative after a year,though the predominant source of financial development is domestic credit.The consistency of these results indicates the importance of financial development in transmitting foreign capital to economic welfare enhancement.Developing the SSA’s financial sector to meet specific welfare-enhancing demands may potentially convert a large share of capital inflows into improved economic welfare and eliminate the negative effects.

The Influence of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Habit Formation on Rural Residents’ Consumption

Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty,and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method.The results show that:since the reform and opening up,the changes of Chinese farmers’consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole,but also show a significant habit forming effect,and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption;there is a large gap between regions,and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy,the impact is greater.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption,maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy,enhance the stability,continuity and accuracy of the policy,drive the development of the western region,build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’income,and further change farmers’consumption concept.

Beijing Residents Share Benefits from Economic Growth

Residents in the Chinese capital received one more boon as winter sets in free inoculations of a vaccine against influenza for people at 60 or older the day the ruling Communist Party of China opened its 17th Congress. From October 15 to November 15, 2007, according to the Beijing Municipal Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, any person born before October 1, 1947 and registered as a permanent resident in the city may visit any hospital or clinic near his or her home for the inoculation free of charge.

A Homeowner-Based Methodology for Economic Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Measures in Residences

Residential energy-efficiency measures, besides energy savings, provide opportunities for improvement of thermal comfort, air quality, lighting quality, and operation. However, all these benefits sometimes are not enough to convince a homeowner to pay the incremental cost associated with the energy-efficiency measure. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for the economic evaluation of residential energy-efficiency measures that can simplify the economic analysis for the homeowner while taking into consideration all factors associated with the purchase, ownership, and selling of the house with the energy-efficiency measure. The methodology accounts for direct and indirect economic parameters associated to an energy-efficiency measure;direct parameters such as the mortgage interest and fuel price escalation rate, and indirect parameters such as savings account interest and marginal income tax rate. The methodology also considers different cases based on the service life of the energy-efficiency measure and loss of efficiency through a derating factor. To estimate the market value, the methodology uses the future energy cost savings instead of the cost of the EEM. Results from the methodology offer to homeowner annual net savings and net assets. The annual net savings gives the homeowner a measure of the annual positive cash flow that can be obtained from an energy-efficiency project;but more important, the net assets offer a measure of the added net wealth. To simplify and increase the use of the methodology by homeowners, the methodology has been implemented in an Excel tool that can be downloaded from the TxAIRE’s website.

The need for a new framework for the economic evaluation of health services in a national health scheme

The normative theory of economic evaluation and its welfare theoretic basis are deeply problematical and result in recommendations which are potentially unfair. The root cause of the problem is the set of assumptions behind the theory which posit behaviours and motivations that are not universal, and which exclude other behaviours and motivations that are potentially important. As falsification of assumptions may be evaded indefinitely this paper presents an alternative critique. We commence with six an- omalies with the theory which are attributable to the assumptions. The first three—the net present value criterion, the willingness to pay criterion and moral hazard—arise from welfare theory. The remaining three are associated with the present definition of cost, the concept of efficiency and the omission of sharing, which are common to most economic evaluation. We argue that these anomalies are indicative of a defective core theory and that they are equivalent to observations that conflict with a positive theory. In the final section we outline and illustrate a more general framework for decision making that is capable of overcoming the ano- malies we discuss.

Economists’Judgement on China’s Socio-Economic Development in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.

长江经济带居民共同富裕与旅游发展水平耦合关系及影响因素研究

实现居民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求,旅游业作为幸福产业,如何促进居民共同富裕与旅游发展水平协调共进成为当前研究的重点问题.该文以长江经济带为研究区域,构建了居民共同富裕与旅游发展水平指标体系,并基于耦合协调模型和时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR),考察分析2011—2020年居民共同富裕与旅游发展水平关系及其影响因素.结果发现:1)长江经济带旅游发展水平研究期内整体呈波动上升趋势,2020年因受疫情影响而出现跌落,居民共同富裕水平则呈整体逐年上升趋势;两者均呈现出显著空间异质性,但中上游地区旅游发展水平相近.2)居民共同富裕与旅游发展水平耦合协调水平呈波动上升趋势,重庆和贵州两地上升较快,2020年各省市受到疫情影响有所下降;下游地区高于其他地区.3) GTWR模型表明,人口密度、环境治理投入、旅游收入占比、人均GDP因素存在明显的时空差异,不同时期各因素对地区影响强度和波动方向不同,其中人均GDP影响为正向且影响作用较强.

我国宏观收入分配结构测算及对经济增长的影响研究——基于新中国成立以来长序列数据的实证

本文利用资金流量表、住户收支调查、财政收支等数据,采用拟合法对1952年以来我国宏观收入分配结构进行系统测算,深入分析新中国成立至今我国宏观收入分配结构的发展变化,并以住户部门收入份额和劳动者报酬占比为主要指标,对比分析我国宏观收入分配结构与发达经济体的差异。基于数据测算和分析,进一步使用1953—2022年的时间序列数据构建多元线性回归模型和滚动回归模型,实证检验收入分配相关指标对消费及经济增长的影响。研究结果显示,第一,新中国成立以来我国住户部门收入份额总体呈现波动下降态势,2008年国际金融危机之后逐步有所回升,住户部门收入份额平均高于劳动者报酬占国内生产总值(GDP)的比重20个百分点左右。第二,与美国、欧洲、日本等经济体进行同期对比显示,我国住户部门收入份额低约20个百分点,从相似发展阶段对比看也低10个百分点左右;住户部门收入份额差距大于我国劳动者报酬占比与发达经济体的差距,表明我国住户部门收入份额偏低与再分配的调节作用不足有关。第三,实证研究显示,投资、消费和出口都是我国经济增长的重要动力;提高住户部门收入份额对消费的促进作用大于对资本形成的抑制作用,有助于带动经济增长,但从其作用效果的发展变化看,提高住户部门收入份额对消费的提振作用有边际递减趋势。

出口退税、消费者福利与高水平对外开放

在国际贸易环境不稳定及中国国内构建新发展格局的双重背景下,二十大报告指出要进一步畅通供需双侧循环,持续推进以扩大内需为基本导向的高水平对外开放。如今出口退税对供给及外需侧的研究已得到广泛关注,但关于其对内需侧影响的研究却较少。文章利用2004—2021年产品层面出口退税率数据及中国地区层面价格与工资等数据,考察了出口退税对中国消费者福利水平的影响。研究表明,出口退税率上调会通过降低物价水平即降低消费效应和提高工资水平即增加收入效应来提高消费者福利。进一步的异质性分析表明出口退税的上调对低收入群体及东部地区福利提升水平更大。因此,政府应进一步推进出口退税政策的实施,充分发挥在其促外贸、扩内需的作用,以实现更高水平的对外开放。

城乡健康服务资源均衡配置:意涵、需求及实现路径

在健康中国建设“共享共建、全民健康”的理念下,健康服务应基于注重疾病预防或医后康复以保持持续良好健康的目的,聚焦于疾病预防服务、康复服务、自我健康管理能力培育提升服务以及居民家庭医生签约的契约化服务。健康服务资源则是以上服务得以有效展开的各种资源形式,城乡健康服务资源均衡配置旨在强调城乡居民健康服务资源均衡公平供给及对弱者倾斜性的差异提供。城乡健康服务资源配置非均衡性问题突出,其主要制约因素在于城乡健康服务资源提供观念滞后、均衡配置能力不足以及相关保障制度滞后。建议强化嵌入健康服务资源公平分配和差别公平理念;整合运用并发展各类健康服务资源,为社会力量作用的发挥提供更多空间,以增强健康服务资源提供能力;构建相匹配的健康服务资源均衡配置具体制度、家庭和社区参与支持制度及智慧健康作用发挥促进制度等,使加快推进健康中国行动这一重要理论观念与政策目标得到更加有效的实践。

地方政府考核目标转变的经济效率与福利效应研究

构建一个合理且科学的考核体系,并引导地方政府更科学关注经济发展质量,是学术界亟须解决的重要问题之一。基于新开放宏观模型,通过构建一个包含地区竞争、市场分割及营商环境的动态随机一般均衡模型,从经济效率和经济福利两个维度来考察地方政府考核目标转变对经济发展质量的影响。研究发现:第一,传统考核机制会阻碍经济效率、经济福利水平的提升,地区竞争程度越大、市场分割程度越高、为优化营商环境努力程度越低,所引起的阻碍作用越明显;第二,在多元化考核机制下,地方政府短期目标导向能够缓解经济发展质量的负面影响,其中营商环境的优化有利于经济高质量的发展,但由于地区竞争与市场分割的存在,缓解作用并不能得到很好地释放。在经济高质量发展不断推进阶段,应尽快落实多元化考核机制,引导地方政府优化营商环境,并在一定程度上消除地区竞争与市场分割,以保证经济可持续发展。

城乡居民养老保险对家庭双代经济流动的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据

利用“中国健康与养老追踪调查”(CHARLS)数据,通过构建多元线性模型,实证分析城乡居民养老保险对家庭内部亲子代经济流动的影响。结果发现,“经济面向”的城乡居民养老保险挤出了子代向亲代提供的经济支持,但对亲代的经济“逆反哺”并无显著影响;双代婚姻状况、受教育水平和亲代家庭资产均正向显著影响家庭代际经济的双向流动;子女之间存在“攀比效应”和“示范效应”;子代家庭收入正向影响向上代际经济支持。因此,老年人养老水平的提高需要从国家、社会和家庭层面共同着力:国家提高城乡居民养老保险的保障水平,鼓励老年人隔代照料孙子女;市场进一步完善养老服务;家庭发挥情感保障作用,关照独子女失能老人。

数字普惠金融对经济增长质量的影响——基于西部地区85个地级市的实证研究

选取2011—2022年间我国西部地区85个地级市的面板数据,采用固定效应模型分析数字普惠金融及其三个维度即覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对西部地区经济增长质量的影响。研究表明,数字普惠金融及其三个维度对西部地区经济增长质量的提升均具有正向影响,其中,覆盖广度的影响最强,其次是使用深度、数字化程度;采用经济发展水平为门槛变量构建面板门槛模型,发现这种影响存在非线性的门槛效应,经济发展水平较高,其对经济增长质量的影响也较强;进一步研究还发现,科技创新和居民消费水平在推动数字普惠金融促进西部地区经济增长质量方面发挥一定的中介作用,但这些作用相对较小。

垄断竞争动态最优税收理论研究述评

垄断竞争动态最优税收理论从动态视角为实施差异化最优纠正税收提供新思路,已成为最优税收研究中的重要一支。垄断竞争动态最优税收理论,以微观消费者与生产者行为理论研究进展以及宏观动态随机一般均衡模型的发展为分析基础,与完全竞争最优税收理论相比,以垄断竞争市场结构为研究背景更具现实性;与静态最优税收理论相比,更能够体现最优税收随经济周期波动而呈动态演进的特征;与最优税收平滑理论使税收扭曲带来的社会福利损失最小化的功能相比,更能够突出最优税收纠正垄断带来的经济效率损失,以提高社会福利的重要功能。垄断竞争动态最优税收理论已取得许多研究新进展,具有重要学术研究价值,结合现实因素对其拓展研究对于最优税收政策制定与实施具有重要意义。

广东人口规模预测及其对经济增长的影响研究

以1995-2021年广东省常住人口数据为基础,采用多种模型对2025-2040年广东常住人口规模进行了综合预测。利用人口惯性因子、政策调整因子、经济发展因子对预测结果进行修正,广东常住人口规模在2040年将达到1725842万人。计量实证分析表明,广东常住人口对经济增长存在显著的促进作用,其发挥作用的渠道既包括供给侧的劳动就业和人力资本,也包括需求侧的消费与投资。政策上应注重吸引外来人口持续流入,并将现有人口优势转化为经济增长优势,从供给侧与需求端双管齐下,充分释放人口红利。