AIM:To evaluate the expression status of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2(Skp2)/cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1(Cks1)and p27kip1,and assess the prognostic significance of Skp2/Cks1 expression with p27...AIM:To evaluate the expression status of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2(Skp2)/cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1(Cks1)and p27kip1,and assess the prognostic significance of Skp2/Cks1 expression with p27kip1in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:Seventy-six patients who underwent curative resection for histologically confirmed extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at our institution from December1994 to March 2008 were enrolled.Immunohistochemical staining for Skp2,Cks1,p27kip1,and Ki67,along with other relevant molecular biologic experiments,were performed.RESULTS:By Cox regression analyses,advanced age(>65 years),advanced AJCC tumor stage,poorly differentiated histology,and higher immunostaining intensity of Skp2 were identified as independent prognostic factors in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Exogenous epidermal growth factor(EGF,especially 0.1-10 ng/mL)significantly increased the proliferation indices by MTT assay and the mRNA levels of Skp2/Cks1 and p27kip1in SNU-1196,SNU-1079,and SNU-245 cells.The protein levels of Skp2/Cks1(from nuclear lysates)and p27kip1(from cytosolic lysate)were also significantly increased in these cells.There were significant reductions in the protein levels of Skp2/Cks1and p27kip1(from nuclear lysate)after the treatment of LY294002.By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay,we found that E2F1 transcription factor directly binds to the promoter site of Skp2.CONCLUSION:Higher immunostaining intensity of Skp2/Cks1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.EGF upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of Skp2/Cks1and p27kip1via the PI3K/Akt pathway and direct binding of E2F1 transcription factor with the Skp2 promoter.展开更多
【背景】卵泡是卵巢的基本结构和功能单位,其主要功能是排卵和分泌激素。颗粒细胞能促进卵泡发育,其过度凋亡能抑制卵泡发育,诱导卵泡闭锁,进而降低雌性动物发情频率,影响雌性动物繁殖力。现已有研究发现,KISS1在卵巢组织中发挥着重要...【背景】卵泡是卵巢的基本结构和功能单位,其主要功能是排卵和分泌激素。颗粒细胞能促进卵泡发育,其过度凋亡能抑制卵泡发育,诱导卵泡闭锁,进而降低雌性动物发情频率,影响雌性动物繁殖力。现已有研究发现,KISS1在卵巢组织中发挥着重要作用。【目的】研究通过干扰KISS1,以阐释KISS1对猪卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡、周期及分泌雌激素能力的影响,为完善KISS1在猪颗粒细胞中的分子调控机制提供一定的依据。【方法】设计KISS1的干扰片段KISS1-siRNA,转染体外培养的母猪卵巢颗粒细胞,通过实时定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测干扰KISS1对母猪卵巢颗粒细胞中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)信号通路部分基因转录水平的影响;采用流式检测法、Annexin V-FITC及ELISA技术,分别探究干扰KISS1对颗粒细胞周期、凋亡及雌二醇(estradiol,E2)分泌量的影响,最后使用qRT-PCR技术检测KISS1对雌激素受体及雌激素信号通路关键基因转录水平的影响。【结果】在猪颗粒细胞内,干扰KISS1后,PI3K通路激活相关基因PIK3CG、PI3CI、PDK1及AKT1转录水平下降,其中关键基因AKT1的转录水平显著降低(P<0.05),PI3K通路激活抑制相关基因FOXO3、TSC2及BAD转录水平也有所降低;干扰KISS1后,颗粒细胞周期在细胞分裂间期(G0/G1)阻断,细胞的凋亡率显著上升,细胞中E2的浓度显著降低(P<0.01),雌激素受体ESR1和ESR2及雌激素通路的基因Star、CYP17、3B-HSD、17B-HSD和CYP19A转录水平也相应显著下降(P<0.05)。【结论】KISS1能够参与猪颗粒细胞PI3K和雌激素通路,干扰KISS1能够使卵巢颗粒细胞阻滞在细胞分裂间期,促进颗粒细胞凋亡,降低颗粒细胞分泌雌激素的能力,表明KISS1对于卵巢颗粒细胞的分裂与生长、雌激素分泌具有重要作用。展开更多
Cerebral hypoxia or ischemia results in cell death and cerebral edema, as well as other cellular reactions such as angiogenesis and the reestablishment of functional microvasculature to promote recovery from brain inj...Cerebral hypoxia or ischemia results in cell death and cerebral edema, as well as other cellular reactions such as angiogenesis and the reestablishment of functional microvasculature to promote recovery from brain injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in the central nervous system after hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and is involved in the process of brain repair via the regulation of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and cerebral edema, which all require vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. In this review, we focus on the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the response to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from Samsung Biomedical Research Institute,No.C-A9-210-1
文摘AIM:To evaluate the expression status of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2(Skp2)/cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1(Cks1)and p27kip1,and assess the prognostic significance of Skp2/Cks1 expression with p27kip1in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:Seventy-six patients who underwent curative resection for histologically confirmed extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at our institution from December1994 to March 2008 were enrolled.Immunohistochemical staining for Skp2,Cks1,p27kip1,and Ki67,along with other relevant molecular biologic experiments,were performed.RESULTS:By Cox regression analyses,advanced age(>65 years),advanced AJCC tumor stage,poorly differentiated histology,and higher immunostaining intensity of Skp2 were identified as independent prognostic factors in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Exogenous epidermal growth factor(EGF,especially 0.1-10 ng/mL)significantly increased the proliferation indices by MTT assay and the mRNA levels of Skp2/Cks1 and p27kip1in SNU-1196,SNU-1079,and SNU-245 cells.The protein levels of Skp2/Cks1(from nuclear lysates)and p27kip1(from cytosolic lysate)were also significantly increased in these cells.There were significant reductions in the protein levels of Skp2/Cks1and p27kip1(from nuclear lysate)after the treatment of LY294002.By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay,we found that E2F1 transcription factor directly binds to the promoter site of Skp2.CONCLUSION:Higher immunostaining intensity of Skp2/Cks1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.EGF upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of Skp2/Cks1and p27kip1via the PI3K/Akt pathway and direct binding of E2F1 transcription factor with the Skp2 promoter.
文摘【背景】卵泡是卵巢的基本结构和功能单位,其主要功能是排卵和分泌激素。颗粒细胞能促进卵泡发育,其过度凋亡能抑制卵泡发育,诱导卵泡闭锁,进而降低雌性动物发情频率,影响雌性动物繁殖力。现已有研究发现,KISS1在卵巢组织中发挥着重要作用。【目的】研究通过干扰KISS1,以阐释KISS1对猪卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡、周期及分泌雌激素能力的影响,为完善KISS1在猪颗粒细胞中的分子调控机制提供一定的依据。【方法】设计KISS1的干扰片段KISS1-siRNA,转染体外培养的母猪卵巢颗粒细胞,通过实时定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测干扰KISS1对母猪卵巢颗粒细胞中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)信号通路部分基因转录水平的影响;采用流式检测法、Annexin V-FITC及ELISA技术,分别探究干扰KISS1对颗粒细胞周期、凋亡及雌二醇(estradiol,E2)分泌量的影响,最后使用qRT-PCR技术检测KISS1对雌激素受体及雌激素信号通路关键基因转录水平的影响。【结果】在猪颗粒细胞内,干扰KISS1后,PI3K通路激活相关基因PIK3CG、PI3CI、PDK1及AKT1转录水平下降,其中关键基因AKT1的转录水平显著降低(P<0.05),PI3K通路激活抑制相关基因FOXO3、TSC2及BAD转录水平也有所降低;干扰KISS1后,颗粒细胞周期在细胞分裂间期(G0/G1)阻断,细胞的凋亡率显著上升,细胞中E2的浓度显著降低(P<0.01),雌激素受体ESR1和ESR2及雌激素通路的基因Star、CYP17、3B-HSD、17B-HSD和CYP19A转录水平也相应显著下降(P<0.05)。【结论】KISS1能够参与猪颗粒细胞PI3K和雌激素通路,干扰KISS1能够使卵巢颗粒细胞阻滞在细胞分裂间期,促进颗粒细胞凋亡,降低颗粒细胞分泌雌激素的能力,表明KISS1对于卵巢颗粒细胞的分裂与生长、雌激素分泌具有重要作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401238,81330016,31171020,81172174 and 81270724the grants from Ministry of Education of China,No.313037,20110181130002+2 种基金a grant from State Commission of Science Technology of China,No.2012BAI04B04the grants from Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province of China,No.2012SZ0010,2014FZ0113,2014SZ0149a grant from Clinical Discipline Program(Neonatology)from the Ministry of Health of China,No.1311200003303
文摘Cerebral hypoxia or ischemia results in cell death and cerebral edema, as well as other cellular reactions such as angiogenesis and the reestablishment of functional microvasculature to promote recovery from brain injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in the central nervous system after hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and is involved in the process of brain repair via the regulation of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and cerebral edema, which all require vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. In this review, we focus on the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the response to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
