In dentistry, a wide range of materials is available for restorative treatment;a typical product of such restorative materials mainly consists of radically polymerizable monomer(s) and inorganic filler(s) (for added p...In dentistry, a wide range of materials is available for restorative treatment;a typical product of such restorative materials mainly consists of radically polymerizable monomer(s) and inorganic filler(s) (for added physical strength), as well as a surface modifier (e.g. silane coupling agent) for improved affinity between monomer and filler. It is favorable to use an optimal surface modifier depending on the respective restorative materials. However, commercially available surface modifiers, which are synthesized by the ton, are not always suited for what is required for properties of the many different dental restorative materials. As a potential solution to such a problem, we focused on the latest technology, “micro flow reactors” that enabled an on-demand low-volume synthesis of many types of surface modifiers. Using micro reaction fields of such flow reactors, we synthesized a novel long-chain silane coupling agent. Compared to the control system synthesized using a conventional reaction flask, the novel system enabled significant reduction in reaction time without inducing any major side reactions. A dental composite resin that was treated with the novel coupling agent exhibited higher toughness, suggesting that such a silane coupling agent was an effective surface modifier.展开更多
In the current study, the extraction of heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) is suggested to be achieved by a counter-flow moving bed reactor. The studies are made at high (1 × 10-2 M) and low (1 × 10-4 M)...In the current study, the extraction of heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) is suggested to be achieved by a counter-flow moving bed reactor. The studies are made at high (1 × 10-2 M) and low (1 × 10-4 M) initial concentrations of the heavy metal ions. Theoretical and experimental studies are made on the extraction of the metal ions with impregnated Amberlite resins, prepared by sorption of an organic extractant into the resin. The study suggests structural, kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters that shall be investigated prior to the design of a moving bed reactor. The effect of these parameters on the adsorption extent is theoretically investigated through the proposed model. Analyses of the experimentally estimated external, internal and chemical rate parameters show that the process is controlled by chemical reaction in both concentrations as the chemical reaction rate parameter is significantly smaller than both the internal and the external diffusion rate parameters.展开更多
介绍了采用垂直厌氧折流板反应器(VABR)处理离子交换树脂生产废水的中试实验装置以及实验研究过程,并着重分析了COD容积负荷和盐分对COD的去除率及出水VFA的影响,并确定了该废水的厌氧产沼气率。研究结果表明,在中温(37±1℃)环境下...介绍了采用垂直厌氧折流板反应器(VABR)处理离子交换树脂生产废水的中试实验装置以及实验研究过程,并着重分析了COD容积负荷和盐分对COD的去除率及出水VFA的影响,并确定了该废水的厌氧产沼气率。研究结果表明,在中温(37±1℃)环境下,容积负荷在9 kg COD/(m3.d)左右时,HRT为24 h的条件下,VABR对COD的平均去除率保持在70%左右,平均每去除1 kg COD约产生沼气0.44 m3,且运行稳定。展开更多
文摘In dentistry, a wide range of materials is available for restorative treatment;a typical product of such restorative materials mainly consists of radically polymerizable monomer(s) and inorganic filler(s) (for added physical strength), as well as a surface modifier (e.g. silane coupling agent) for improved affinity between monomer and filler. It is favorable to use an optimal surface modifier depending on the respective restorative materials. However, commercially available surface modifiers, which are synthesized by the ton, are not always suited for what is required for properties of the many different dental restorative materials. As a potential solution to such a problem, we focused on the latest technology, “micro flow reactors” that enabled an on-demand low-volume synthesis of many types of surface modifiers. Using micro reaction fields of such flow reactors, we synthesized a novel long-chain silane coupling agent. Compared to the control system synthesized using a conventional reaction flask, the novel system enabled significant reduction in reaction time without inducing any major side reactions. A dental composite resin that was treated with the novel coupling agent exhibited higher toughness, suggesting that such a silane coupling agent was an effective surface modifier.
文摘In the current study, the extraction of heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) is suggested to be achieved by a counter-flow moving bed reactor. The studies are made at high (1 × 10-2 M) and low (1 × 10-4 M) initial concentrations of the heavy metal ions. Theoretical and experimental studies are made on the extraction of the metal ions with impregnated Amberlite resins, prepared by sorption of an organic extractant into the resin. The study suggests structural, kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters that shall be investigated prior to the design of a moving bed reactor. The effect of these parameters on the adsorption extent is theoretically investigated through the proposed model. Analyses of the experimentally estimated external, internal and chemical rate parameters show that the process is controlled by chemical reaction in both concentrations as the chemical reaction rate parameter is significantly smaller than both the internal and the external diffusion rate parameters.
文摘介绍了采用垂直厌氧折流板反应器(VABR)处理离子交换树脂生产废水的中试实验装置以及实验研究过程,并着重分析了COD容积负荷和盐分对COD的去除率及出水VFA的影响,并确定了该废水的厌氧产沼气率。研究结果表明,在中温(37±1℃)环境下,容积负荷在9 kg COD/(m3.d)左右时,HRT为24 h的条件下,VABR对COD的平均去除率保持在70%左右,平均每去除1 kg COD约产生沼气0.44 m3,且运行稳定。
