Direct tension and fracture resistance curves of ultra high performance marine composite materials

Fracture behavior is one of the most important,yet still little understood properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites(UHPCC),a new marine structural engineering material. Research on the fracture and direct tension behavior of UHPCC was carried out.The constitution law of UHPCC was divided into three phases:pre-partial debonding,partial debonding,and pullout phases.A direct tension constitution law was constructed based on the proposed fiber reinforcing parameter as a function of fiber volume fraction,fiber diameter and length,and fiber bonding strength.With the definition of linear crack shape,the energy release rate of UHPCC was derived and the R-curve equation was calculated from this.Loading tests of UHPCC using a three-point bending beam with an initial notch were carried out.The predictions from the proposed R-curve were in good agreement with the test results, indicating that the proposed R-curve accurately describes the fracture resistance of UHPCC.Introduction of a fiber reinforcement parameter bridges the fracture property R-curve and micro-composites’ mechanics parameters together.This has laid the foundation for further research into fracture properties based on micro-mechanics.The proposed tension constitution law and R-curve can be references for future UHPCC fracture evaluation.

Analysis of the Correlation between the Level of Contact Degradation and the Dynamic Resistance Curve in Circuit Breakers

The DRM （dynamic contact resistance measurement） in high voltage circuit breakers is a manner of evaluating the internal ageing condition of the chamber. DRM is similar to static contact resistance measurement testing, but instead of measuring a single value when the breaker contacts are closed （static value）, the ohmic resistance is measured at various contact positions, from the beginning of the contact opening until a complete separation of the contacts. The relationship between the contact resistances of the new circuit breaker and the ageing circuit breaker in operation provides subsidy for the evaluation of both the main and arcing contact conditions. This research aims to analyze the correlation between the various levels of degradation of the contacts and the configuration of the DRM curve. This work considers curve samples from new acceleration tests. breaker chamber contacts and different levels of degradation by

Characterization of Aquifers in Crystalline and Crystallophyll Basement Zones Using the Electrical Resistivity Method (Trails and Electrical Soundings) in the Gagnoa Region, (Central-Western Côte d’Ivoire)

Introduction: Located in the central-western part of Côte d’Ivoire, the subsoil of the Gagnoa region is made up of sedimentary volcano formations and granitoids with developed fracturing. This complex Precambrian basement contains most of the region’s water resources. This is at the origin of the high failure rate during the various hydrogeological prospecting campaigns. Methodology: The database consists of resistivities from 42 holes and 51 trails drilled as part of the implementation of high-throughput drilling in the study area. The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of the fissured basement by interpreting profile curves and electrical soundings. It will be a question of classifying the different types of anomalies obtained on the profiles and their shapes. The orientation of the lineaments observed on the profiles was determined. Results: The interpretation of the geophysical data revealed various anomalies, the main ones being of the CC (Conductor Compartment) and CEDP (Contact between two bearings) types. These types of anomalies are mainly expressed in various forms: the “V”, “W” and “U” shapes. From these anomalies and the appearance of the electrical profiles, lineaments and their orientations were identified with N90-100, N130-140, N170-180 as major orientations. Conclusion: These results could contribute to a better understanding of the fractured environment of the Gagnoa region.

Low temperature J-resistance curve determination of asphalt concrete using wavelet-Radon transform

A single specimen test using the three point single edge notched beam configuration at low temperatures for obtaining hot mix asphalt （HMA） resistance curves is developed.Resistance curves are obtained for mixtures at six temperature levels of＋5,0,-5,-10,-15,and-20 ℃ and three binder contents of 4％,4.5％,and 5％.Crack extension increments during the test are measured by means of an image processing technique using Radon transform and feature extraction.All the specimens exhibit a rising R-curve,indicating ductility and toughening mechanisms in the ductile-quasi brittle fracture of the mixture.It is observed that the reduction of temperature results in a further tendency of the mixture for unstable crack growth and less subcritical crack length.It is also shown that using the binarization process,an automatic index can be developed that can represent the extent of brittleness and extent of the low temperature in which the cracking has occurred.

High Resolution Melting Curve Analysis for Rapid Detection of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates

Background: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the most important drugs for tuberculosis (TB) treatment, however, its susceptibility is not routinely tested. High-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis has been widely used for many applications. In this study, HRM assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of PZA resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Methods: Ninety five M. tuberculosis clinical isolates with different susceptibility patterns to anti-TB drugs were used to evaluate this assay. Isolates were phenotypically (Bactec MGIT 960) and genotypically (HRM and pncA gene sequencing) analysed for PZA resistance. Results: Bactec MGIT 960 analysis revealed that 29 of the 95 M. tuberculosis isolates were PZA resistant. In comparison to the Bactec MGIT 960, HRM showed a sensitivity of 47.7% and specificity of 74.6%, and the overall agreement between the two methods was 68.4%. Based on DNA sequencing, a correlation of 0.67 (significant at p-value pncA mutations was observed. PZA resistance was strongly associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB as it was shown in 79.3% of the MDR isolates included in the study. Conclusion: HRM is simple and useful for screening clinical M. tuberculosis isolates for PZA resistance, however, further modifications to improve its performance are required.

Development of Cubic Bezier Curve and Curve-Plane Intersection Method for Parametric Submarine Hull Form Design to Optimize Hull Resistance Using CFD

Optimization analysis and computational fluid dynamics （CFDs） have been applied simultaneously, in which a parametric model plays an important role in finding the optimal solution. However, it is difficult to create a parametric model for a complex shape with irregular curves, such as a submarine hull form. In this study, the cubic Bezier curve and curve-plane intersection method are used to generate a solid model of a parametric submarine hull form taking three input parameters into account： nose radius, tail radius, and length-height hull ratio （L/H）. Application program interface （API） scripting is also used to write code in the ANSYS DesignModeler. The results show that the submarine shape can be generated with some variation of the input parameters. An example is given that shows how the proposed method can be applied successfully to a hull resistance optimization case. The parametric design of the middle submarine type was chosen to be modified. First, the original submarine model was analyzed, in advance, using CFD. Then, using the response surface graph, some candidate optimal designs with a minimum hull resistance coefficient were obtained. Further, the optimization method in goal-driven optimization （GDO） was implemented to find the submarine hull form with the minimum hull resistance coefficient （Ct）. The minimum C, was obtained. The calculated difference in （7, values between the initial submarine and the optimum submarine is around 0.26%, with the C, of the initial submarine and the optimum submarine being 0.001 508 26 and 0.001 504 29, respectively. The results show that the optimum submarine hull form shows a higher nose radius （rn） and higher L/H than those of the initial submarine shape, while the radius of the tail （r1） is smaller than that of the initial shape.

Effect of purification treatment on corrosion resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys were purified by filtering purification with and without vacuum. The type, morphology, size distribution and volume fraction of inclusion were analyzed with OM and SEM. The effect of inclusion in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys on anticorrosion ability was investigated with salt spray test and electrochemical test. The results show that the inclusions in the alloy can be removed effectively by filtering purification. The average size of inclusions in the alloys is decreased from 12.7 μm to 2.0 μm and the volume fraction of inclusions is reduced from 0.30% to 0.04%. With the decrease of the size of inclusions in the alloys, the corrosion rate of the alloys decreases dramatically from 38.8 g/（m 2 ·d） to 2.4 g/（m 2 ·d） in the salt spray test. The corrosion potential increases while the corrosion current decreases and the polarization resistance increases in the electrochemical tests, which indicates that the anticorrosion ability is improved.

Evaluation of collapse resistance of RC frame structures for Chinese schools in seismic design categories B and C

According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB50011-2001）, ten typical reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures, used as school classroom buildings, are designed with different seismic fortification intensities （SFIs） （SFI=6 to 8.5） and different seismic design categories （SDCs） （SDC=B and C）. The collapse resistance of the frames with SDC=B and C in terms of collapse fragility curves are quantitatively evaluated and compared via incremental dynamic analysis （IDA）. The results show that the collapse resistance of structures should be evaluated based on both the absolute seismic resistance and the corresponding design seismic intensity. For the frames with SFI from 6 to 7.5, because they have relatively low absolute seismic resistance, their collapse resistance is insufficient even when their corresponding SDCs are upgraded from B to C. Thus, further measures are needed to enhance these structures, and some suggestions are proposed.

Morphology and corrosion resistance of composite coatings obtained by phosphating and molybdate post-sealing on galvanized steel

The phosphated hot-dip galvanized(HDG) sheets were post-sealed with sodium molybdate solution to improve the corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings. The morphology,chemical composition and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),Tafel polarization measurements and neutral salt spray(NSS) tests,and were compared with those of the single coatings. The results show that post-sealing the phosphated HDG steel with molybdate solution,the pores among the zinc phosphate crystals are sealed with molybdate films containing Zn,P,O and Mo,and the continuous composite coatings are formed. The suppression of both the anodic and the cathodic processes of zinc corrosion on the samples are enhanced significantly. The synergistic corrosion protection effect of the single phosphate coatings and molybdate films for zinc is evident. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings increases with phosphating time up to 300 s.

Determination of conditions for stable operation of induction motor resistance load using load flow and fuzzy techniques

Discusses the significance of induction motor constant resistance (IM R) load on the lower part of the PV curve of a power system and determines the conditions for stable operation of IM R load using fuzzy techniques and load flow.

Comparative Analysis of Equal and Unequal Grounding Grid Configurations by Compression Ratio and Least Square Curve Fitting Techniques

The primary aim of the power system grounding is to safeguard the person and satisfying the performance of the power systemtomaintain reliable operation.With equal conductor spacing grounding grid design,the distribution of the current in the grid is not uniform.Hence,unequal grid conductor span in which grid conductors are concentrated more at the periphery is safer to practice than equal spacing.This paper presents the comparative analysis of two novel techniques that create unequal spacing among the grid conductors:the least-square curve fitting technique and the compression ratio techniquewith equal grid configuration for both square and rectangular grids.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)is adopted for finding out one optimal feasible solution among many feasible solutions of equal grid configuration for both square and rectangular grids.Comparative analysis is also carried out between square and rectangular grids using the least square curve fitting technique as it results in only one unequal grid configuration.Simulation results are obtained by theMATLAB software developed.Percentage of improvement in ground potential rise,step voltage,touch voltage,and grid resistancewith variation in compression ratios are plotted.

综合物探方法在碎屑岩地区找水中的应用——以云南宣威大路边村为例

为探索地球物理方法在碎屑地区找水应用的有效性,文章以云南宣威大路边村为研究对象,选取高密度电阻率法、联合剖面法、音频大地电磁法对碎屑岩层进行找水研究。结果表明:三叠系上统飞仙关组(T1f)碎屑岩富水性中等,含水性较均匀;受地面场地狭窄限制,高密度电法及联合剖面法测线长度有限,探测深度较浅,受碎屑岩电阻率小的影响,其找水应用效果不佳,在可探测的深度范围内较难识别基岩裂隙等找水有效异常,需结合其他物探方法甄别异常;音频大地电磁法找水应用效果相对较好,具有较高的横向分辨率,可有效识别碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带及构造裂隙带,表现为相对低阻异常特征;视电阻率单支测深曲线能有效分辨不同深度的岩土层结构,具有较高的纵向分辨率,对裂隙破碎带有较好指示意义。在地面场地较为狭窄的碎屑岩地区开展找水工作,音频大地电磁法结合视电阻单支测深曲线能取得较好效果,以音频大地电磁法确定碎屑岩地区中的裂隙发育带位置,以视电阻单支测深曲线确定裂隙发育带的深度。

X80管道环焊缝拉伸应变容量预测模型对比研究

针对管线钢拉伸应变容量(TSC)预测,提出了一种基于拘束修正的阻力曲线计算方法.在相同的条件下以X80管道环焊缝为例,与ExxonMobil公司提出的两类模型进行了拉伸应变容量预测的对比分析.结果表明:基于拘束修正方法的预估结果与ExxonMobil第1类模型中的水平3预估结果最为接近,与第2类模型在裂纹长度为2c/t=2时最接近,随着裂纹长度继续增加,两种方法的预测差值增加;但ExxonMobil第1类模型的水平1和水平2的评估过程将部分重要参数固定为常数,导致预测结果过于保守.

牦牛源A型产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

【目的】2023年4月至2023年5月,西藏拉萨市多地出现牦牛严重腹泻、便血甚至死亡的现象。试验旨在确定牦牛腹泻的病原菌并研究其生物学特性,以期为该地区牦牛腹泻病的防治提供参考。【方法】采集新鲜牦牛腹泻粪便样品进行厌氧培养,通过培养特性及染色镜检进行初步鉴定;对可疑阳性菌株进行生化特性、多重PCR毒素基因分型及cpe、netB、cpb2毒素鉴定,并进行cpa、cpb2、16S rRNA基因的遗传进化分析、部分分离株生长曲线测定及动物致病性试验;采用K-B法测定分离株的体外药物敏感性,统计不同分离株的多重耐药结果。【结果】从样品中分离纯化得到8株分离菌,在厌氧培养基中生长旺盛,在TSC培养基、5%脱纤维绵羊血平板、卵黄琼脂培养基上均呈现与产气荚膜梭菌相似的典型菌落,革兰染色为紫色大杆菌,初步判定为产气荚膜梭菌,命名为XZ-1~XZ-8。分离株生化检测结果与产气荚膜梭菌相符;分离株均携带cpa和cpb2基因,为A型产气荚膜梭菌;16S rRNA基因分析结果显示,8株分离株与产气荚膜梭菌参考株的相似性为97.3%~100%,在系统进化树中处于同一分支,而与屎肠球菌、大肠杆菌参考株处于不同分支;分离株cpa和cpb2基因存在一定的变异性。生长曲线显示,3株分离株(XZ-1、XZ-4、XZ-7)生长规律基本一致,其中0~4 h为迟缓期,4~8 h为对数期,8~22 h为稳定期,22 h后开始进入衰亡期。动物致病性试验结果显示,分离株对昆明小鼠具有较强的致病性。分离株对苯唑西林、红霉素、氯霉素、氧氟沙星、米诺环素、头孢哌酮、利福平及罗红霉素敏感,对青霉素、哌拉西林、羧苄西林、麦迪霉素、头孢曲松等22种药物均存在不同程度的耐药性,存在多重耐药性,其中XZ-7株耐药数量多达11种,6重以上耐药的菌株占75.0%。【结论】本研究成功从拉萨严重腹泻、血便牦牛粪样中分离出8株A型产气荚膜梭菌,分离株对小鼠具有较强的致病性,对青霉素、哌拉西林、羧苄西林等药物存在不同程度的耐药性。研究结果为该地区牦牛腹泻病防控提供了参考依据。

308例耐多药肺结核患者的治疗转归及影响因素分析

目的:筛选和评估影响耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者治疗转归的因素。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病信息管理系统”收集厦门市2010—2019年308例MDR-PTB患者的治疗转归资料进行分析,分析影响治疗转归的危险因素,并构建预测模型。结果:308例MDR-PTB患者中,治疗成功226例(73.38%);发生不良转归82例(26.62%),其中治疗失败52例(16.88%),死亡17例(5.52%),其他原因13例(4.22%)。影响治疗转归的因素有:男性(OR=2.877,95%CI:1.356~6.104)、年龄≥50岁(OR=1.833,95%CI:1.011~3.323)、家务及待业(OR=0.352,95%CI:0.196~0.631)、复治患者(OR=6.357,95%CI:1.842~21.944)、3个月末痰培养阴性(OR=0.162,95%CI:0.063~0.416)。基于联合预测因子预测MDR-TB患者治疗转归的预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.909(95%CI:0.871~0.938)。结论:男性、年龄≥50岁、复治患者、3个月末痰培养阳性是MDR-PTB患者发生不良转归的危险因素,家务及待业是MDR-PTB患者发生不良转归的保护因素。联合预测因子模型拥有较强的对MDR-PTB患者治疗后不良转归的预测能力。

高分辨率熔解曲线快速检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药情况的研究

探讨高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)技术检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药性的可行性。用传统药物敏感性试验进行结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性检测;以Rpsl和rrs的耐药决定区为靶点设计引物进行HRM分析,判断菌株是否对链霉素耐药;以药敏结果为标准,应用SPSS17.0分析两种检测结果之间的符合率;Kappa检验分析两种结果的一致性。药敏结果显示,84株菌株中有20株对链霉素耐药,64株为敏感株;HRM检测结果显示,24株菌株对链霉素耐药,60株为敏感株;以药敏结果为参照,HRM检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药性的敏感性为75%,特异性为85.9%,经Kappa检验显示,两种方法检测结果具有中度一致性。本研究结果表明HRM可快速检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素的耐药性,具有较好的灵敏度,在耐药结核病的早期辅助诊断方面具有一定的应用价值。

五品系尼罗罗非鱼对自然慢性低温胁迫的生理响应

为筛选出耐低温性能较好的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)品系,本研究以尼罗罗非鱼埃及品系(NE品系)、埃及尼罗抗逆品系(NER品系)、湘湖品系(NX品系)、新吉富(NNG品系)和吉富品系(NG品系)为研究对象,采用从最适生长温度28℃自然降温到死亡临界温度11℃的方法,分别测定它们在两个温度条件下血液生化和酶类指标的变化;当水温降到11℃后,连续观察一周,统计每种尼罗罗非鱼的存活率,绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,比较5个品系尼罗罗非鱼的耐寒性能差异。结果显示,NER品系的存活率最高;NX品系和NER品系葡萄糖水平极显著升高,NER品系和NG品系总蛋白水平极显著降低,而白蛋白/球蛋白的值均没有显著性变化;超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶及乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著或极显著升高,但NER品系的乳酸脱氢酶活性升高程度最低;同时NX品系、NG品系、NE品系和NG品系的丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平均极显著增高,但NER品系的丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平没有显著性变化,其天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平只是显著增高。上述结果表明5个品系尼罗罗非鱼能一定程度抵御低温对机体带来的损伤,适应慢性自然降温,但NER品系存活率最高,肝功能和肌肉受损程度相对最小,在5个品系尼罗罗非鱼中耐寒性能最强。

多黏菌素对头孢他啶/阿维巴坦与碳青霉烯共耐药铜绿假单胞菌的体外杀菌作用研究

目的 头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(CZA)是治疗碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)的一种有效的替代抗生素,在临床上被广泛应用,然而CZA耐药CRPA菌株的出现使得治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的难度不断增加。本研究旨在通过体外时间杀菌分析,探讨多黏菌素(COL)对携带不同碳青霉烯耐药基因的CZA耐药铜绿假单胞菌菌株的体外杀菌活性,为铜绿假单胞菌感染的临床治疗提供科学依据。方法 从浙江省的一家三甲医院收集了CZA耐药的铜绿假单胞菌菌株。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)和全基因组测序筛选了携带不同碳青霉烯耐药基因的5株代表性铜绿假单胞菌菌株,包括携带bla_(KPC-2)的PA4696、携带bla_(KPC-90)的PA2207、携带bla_(KPC-33)的PA1308、携带bla_(VIM)的PA2070、携带bla_(IMP-45)的PA6227。通过微量肉汤稀释法确认了实验菌株的抗生素敏感性。对COL敏感的菌株进行重复的时间杀菌实验。结果 5株CRPA菌株均对CZA耐药(MIC≥16/4 mg/L),对COL敏感(MIC≤2 mg/L);其中携带bla_(IMP-45)的菌株PA6227表现出特殊的药敏表型(ISMR),对亚胺培南(IPM)敏感(MIC=2 mg/L)而对美罗培南(MEM)(MIC=128 mg/L)等其他碳青霉烯类药物耐药。时间杀菌曲线显示,5株CZA耐药的铜绿假单胞菌菌株在前2~8 h被不同浓度的COL完全抑制,但随后恢复生长。结论 COL对CZA耐药的CRPA菌株具有体外杀菌活性,但不能单独使用。不同类型的碳青霉烯耐药基因会影响CZA的作用效果,但与COL的杀菌活性无关,携带不同碳青霉烯耐药基因的分离株均在不同时间恢复生长。在治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染时,可以调整给药间隔或药物浓度,以维持COL的浓度,从而获得更好的治疗效果。同时应注意具有ISMR这一特殊药敏表型的CRPA在临床上的出现,避免抗生素的不合理应用。

玛多M_(S)7.4地震前地电阻率变化

分别运用原始曲线分析法和归一化速率法分析2021-05-22玛多M_(S)7.4地震震中400 km范围内4个地电阻率台站的数据变化。结果表明:1)玛多地震前,4个地电阻率台站资料出现不同程度的异常变化,其中玛曲NW、金银滩EW、甘孜N10°E、拦隆口EW测道原始曲线变幅最明显,表现为小时值突跳变化、日均值加速变化和曲线转折变化、月均值破年变和保留年变形态的趋势变化;2)玛曲NW、金银滩EW、甘孜N10°E、拦隆口EW归一化速率曲线在玛多地震前均出现超阈值现象,但各自归一化速率形态不同;3)综合分析认为,4个台站地电阻率资料异常变化与玛多M_(S)7.4地震的孕育及活动有关。

合金化热镀锌镀层的相结构及其各相的耐蚀性

合金化镀锌(GA)镀层具有复杂的多相结构。为了表征GA镀层中的相分布,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察镀层的形貌,通过辉光放电光谱(GDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析镀层的厚度、元素分布和物相结构,并采用恒电流极化对镀层进行了剥离,研究了镀层中不同相的电化学性能。结果表明:GA镀层由多相组成,从上往下依次为ζ相、δ相、Γ1相、Γ相,随着镀层厚度的增加铁含量增大;ζ相、δ相具有较好的耐蚀性,且ζ相和δ相之间的电位差较小,其电偶腐蚀作用较小,当δ相腐蚀消耗完全后,Γ1相、Γ相和基体才会发生腐蚀,其中Γ相的自腐蚀电位较负,先发生腐蚀。因此,δ相应保持均匀和厚实,以保护基体免受腐蚀。