Fluid-solid interaction of resistance loss of flexible hose in deep ocean mining

The resistance loss of transportation was studied and the influences of buoyancy layout,mineral content and elastic modulus of flexible hose were investigated based on three-dimensional finite element model of fluid-solid interaction by MSC.MARC/MENTAT software.The numerical results show that the resistance losses increase with the increase of mineral content Cv and velocity of internal fluid v and decrease with the increase of elastic modulus E of flexible hose.The buoyancy layout and the velocity of internal fluid have greater impacts on the resistance losses than the elastic modulus of flexible hose.In order to reduce the resistance losses and improve the efficiency of the deep-ocean mining,Cv and v must be restricted in a suitable range (e.g.10%-25% and 2.5-4 m/s).Effective buoyancy layout (such as Scheme C and D) should be adopted and the suitable material of moderate E should be used for the flexible hose in deep-ocean mining.

Effect of molecular structure and slump loss resistance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on self-compacting concrete

A new kind of polycarboxylate superplasticizer with high slump loss resistance was obtained by designing scheduled molecular structure.The number average molecular mass of the polymer was characterized by the gel permeation chromatography measurements.And chemical structure of the polymer was observed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results show that the good workable maintaining of self-compacting concrete could be achieved through direct adjustment of number average molecular mass and different unsaturated monomer in synthetic process.The FT-IR analysis illustrated that the high slump loss resistance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers with ester and carboxyl group and expectations of molecular structure were designed.

Effect of Coke Reaction Index on Reduction and Permeability of Ore Layer in Blast Furnace Lumpy Zone Under Non-Isothermal Condition

Reasonable control on CRI（coke reaction index）is one of the key factors for BF（blast furnace）low-carbon smelting.However,there are contrary opinions.One is increasing CRI to improve reaction efficiency in BF and the other is decreasing CRI to suppress coke degradation in furnace.Different methods are adopted to realize effective catalysis（increasing CRI）and passivation（decreasing CRI）of coke.Simulation tests of coke in BF lumpy zone under gradual temperature rising have been done.Effect of CRI on gas composition,ore reduction,burden column permeability and heat reserve zone′s temperature under non-isothermal condition are studied.Then combined with iron making calculations,a novel BF operation suggestion is proposed as coke nut with small size be catalyzed and mixed with ore while skeletal coke with large size be passivated and separately charged into BF.

Application of resist-profile-aware source optimization in 28 nm full chip optical proximity correction

As technology node shrinks, aggressive design rules for contact and other back end of line（BEOL）layers continue to drive the need for more effective full chip patterning optimization. Resist top loss is one of the major challenges for 28 nm and below technology nodes, which can lead to post-etch hotspots that are difficult to predict and eventually degrade the process window significantly. To tackle this problem, we used an advanced programmable illuminator（FlexRay） and Tachyon SMO（Source Mask Optimization） platform to make resistaware source optimization possible, and it is proved to greatly improve the imaging contrast, enhance focus and exposure latitude, and minimize resist top loss thus improving the yield.