Characteristics and High-yield Cultivation Techniques of the Main Potato Variety Jinshu 16 in Shanxi Province

With NL94014 as the female parent and 9333-11 as the male parent,the potato research laboratory of High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences obtained true seeds through sexual hybridization,and systematically and directionally bred a new potato variety Jinshu 16 with high yield,good comprehensive resistance and middle and late maturity.This variety has been listed as one of the mainstay varieties in Shanxi Province for many times.In this paper,the characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of Jinshu 16 are introduced,in order to guide field production and get better returns.

Selection of Greenhouse Zucchini Varieties and High-Quality,High-Yield and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques

[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were determined.[Results]The yield of Shengfeier,Xiuyu 170 and Xihulu 309 increased by 11.4%,6.9%and 4.6%,respectively compared with S68(control),and zucchini was straight,looked pleasing to the eye,and had strong disease resistance.[Conclusions]The zucchini varieties were selected and the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques were integrated.

Simplified High-yielding Cultivation Technology of Rice

[Objective] The aim was to select simplified high-yielding cultivation technology of rice. [Method] The research explored three methods of farmland prepara- tion, transplanting, and fertilization including shallow rotary tillage and deep ploughing, mechanical transplanting and hand transplanting, controlled-release fertilizer and quantitative fertilization in order to investigate effects of different treatment groups on rice characteristics, economic characteristics, as well as labor saving, yield increasing and profit improving. [Result] Rice increased by 596.4-809.55 kg/hm2, labor saving reached 120-135 per hm2, and profit improved in the range from 5 521.39 to 8 727.48 yuan/hm2 in the treatment groups by combinations of shallow rotary tillage, mechanical transplanting, and controlled-release fertilizer, of shallow rotary tillage, mechanical transplanting, and quantitative fertilization, and of deep ploughing, mechanical transplanting, and controlled release fertilizer. [Conclusion] The three models are of promising prospects in production.

Advance of Rice Drought Resistance,Water Saving Cultivation and Genetic Breeding

The water shortage faced with rice production in China was comprehensively analyzed,and the seasonal as well as spatial and temporal differences were the factors limiting rice production,which would be a severe test for grain production safety.Therefore,solving strategies had been proposed from the following aspects：the improvement of irrigation practices was of significant effect on improving the high efficient utilization of water;the screening of drought resistance cultivars and upland rice cultivation could also greatly improve the ability of drought resistance;the combination of traditional breeding techniques with modern transgenic technology as well as the QTL analysis had made considerable progress on improving the soil moisture productive potential of rice from the perspective of genetics.The development of China＇s rice industry would face greater water scarcity in the future,but the conventional water-saving technologies could only reduce water consume to a certain extent,while the exploration and improvement of the water saving potential of wetland rice to give full play to the biological water-saving function would become the goal of agricultural development in China.

Induced Resistance by the Toxin Filtrate of Bipolaris maydis Race T Cultivation

Resistance to maize southern leaf spot disease was induced by the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation in an experiment. The nuclear neterogeny corn C103 was used as the test material. The lesion area on the leaves was significant difference by connalysis. The lesion areas on pretreated leaves were （0.3±0.05）- （0.9±0.5） mm^2, but those on the control were （23.1±8.7） mm^2. At the same time, the changes in peroxidase, phenylalanine, ammonialyase, and malondialdehvde activities were determined. During 0-96 h of inspection, phenylalanine and ammonialyase （PAL） activities increased by 64.2%, peroxidase （POD） activities increased by 41.2%, but the malondialdenvde （MDA） content decreased by 29.7% compared with the control. It seems that the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation itself can be used as an elicitor to enhance the induced resistance.

High-yield Cultivation Technique of Salt-tolerant Spartina and Rice in Coastal Mudflat

Directing at the characteristics of coastal mudfiat saline and alkaline land, the yield of salt-tolerant Spartina and rice could reach 5 925-8 280 kg/hm^2 by the techniques of land and water resource utilization, farming improvement, construction of matched water system, seed selection and treatment, water direct seeding, seedling raising on seedbed, field transplanting, weeding, nutrient and water management, and disease and pest control, providing a scientific basis for the cultivation of Spartina and Rice in coast mudflat.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Indica Hybrid Rice Z You 272 Grown as Middle-season rice + Ratooning Rice

Z You 272 not only had the advantages of early sowing, early transplanting, early maturity and high yield which middle-season rice owned, but also had the features of low-node tillering, early seedling, multiple shoots and multiple panicles which also middle-season rice owned. Since 2008, middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been cultured in Luxian and its integrated high-yield cultivation techniques have been popularized, its total extension area has been 4.47×10^4hm^2, the area of middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been 3.06×10^4hm^2, and the yield of middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been 14.656-16.308 t/hm^2.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Stevia rebaudiana(Bertoni) Hemsl. in Gannan Area of Jiangxi Province

In order to expand the production of Stevia rebaudiana( Bertoni) Hemsl.,the main points of high-yield cultivation techniques of a two-year-old stevia cultivar Shoutian No. 3 in Gannan area of Jiangxi Province were summarized: cutting and transplanting in early spring; fine management,applying more basic and additional fertilizers and retaining stubbles two times in summer,retaining roots for seeding in late autumn,and mulching membrane for safe overwintering in winter. This study will provide practical guidance for the planting of S. rebaudiana in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province.

Studies on high-yielding cultivation of rice in Guangdong by diagnosis and control of chlorophyll content and LAI

During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),heading(H)and 20 d afterheading(H),to analyze the relation between LAIand yield was more accurrate than only using theLAI value at H stage(see table);(2)Reaching cer-

高产抗病大豆新品种吉育513的选育及栽培技术

为给优质高产大豆品种的研发提供参考和借鉴,吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所2009年以吉育47为母本,以铁97124-1-1为父本,配制杂交组合,采用系谱法选育出高产抗病大豆新品种吉育513。2019—2020年参加国家北方春大豆中晚熟组区域试验,平均产量3248.5 kg·hm^(-2),比对照吉育72增产6.1%。2020年参加生产试验,平均产量3301.5 kg·hm^(-2),比对照吉育72增产12.1%。2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为国审豆20210032。该品种具有高产、稳产和抗病等优良特性,特别适合在吉林省南中部、辽宁省东部和北部、宁夏回族自治区北部、山西省北部、河北省承德地区以及甘肃省张掖地区进行春季播种。该品种是通过传统育种技术与肥力优化筛选相结合的育种模式选育而成的,这种选育模式将对我国大豆产业的未来发展产生深远而积极的影响,如果优化有机和无机的配施比例,吉育513将更能发挥其高产潜力。

油菜抗根肿病品种在云南省西南发病区的田间评价

通过明确‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’2个抗根肿病油菜品种的田间抗性、农艺性状和产量情况,为油菜根肿病重发区筛选出优良的抗病品种。本研究在云南省西南地区的腾冲市、梁河县和临翔县3个油菜根肿病病区进行田间试验,采用本课题组研发品种和当地主推品种作为对照。田间试验结果显示,‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟安全越冬,生育期176~199d,各生育期表现整齐一致;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在腾冲和梁河点对油菜根肿病表现为高度抗病,在临翔点表现为抗病;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点的农艺性状良好;‘华双5R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产2.71%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’和‘德油1号’相比增产幅度为7.49%~56.83%;‘华油杂62R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产5.76%,比临翔点的‘德油1号’减产4.61%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’相比增产幅度为4.12%~51.90%。‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟,生育期176~199d,对根肿病表现出较强抗性,同时农艺性状良好、产量较高,可在云南省西南地区油菜根肿病病区推广种植。

高产、优质、多抗酿造用糯高粱杂交种辽糯22选育及栽培技术

糯高粱杂交种辽糯22(LA34×LNR8)是辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所于2018年以自选不育系LA34为母本,自选恢复系LNR8为父本,于2018年春季在海南组配而成LA34×LNR8杂交组合。2018~2019年连续2年在所内进行了产量和抗性鉴定,表现优异,2020~2021年参加全国高粱品种区域试验,平均产量587.8 kg/667m^(2)。2023年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。该品种熟期适中、农艺性状好、糯性遗传稳定,是一个高产、优质、多抗的酿造用糯高粱杂交种。

优质抗除草剂谷子公谷89的选育与应用

公谷89是吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所选育的优质谷子新品种,于2021年10月正式通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,编号为GDP谷子(2021)220041。该品种株高89.9 cm,穗长23.7 cm,单穗质量17.47 g,单穗粒质量14.2 g,千粒质量2.8 g,穗呈圆筒形,刚毛长度短,出谷率80.25%,生育期125 d,抗除草剂(烯禾啶),抗病性强,适宜机械化收获,米质优良,被评为“一级优质米”,适宜在东北春谷区生产种植,有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。

高油高产抗病大豆新品种邯豆17的选育及栽培技术要点

为了促进高油高产抗病大豆新品种邯豆17的推广应用,本文介绍了其选育经过、主要特征特性、产量和品质表现以及配套栽培要点。邯豆17是邯郸市农业科学院于2007年以邯豆7号为母本,中品03-5179为父本,通过有性杂交利用改良系谱法选育而成的新品种。2018年参加河北省夏播区域试验,平均产量为3194.6 kg·hm^(-2),比对照品种冀豆12增产8.4%,2019年续试,平均产量为3723.6 kg·hm^(-2),比对照增产10.5%,2018-2019年两年区域试验平均产量为3459.1 kg·hm^(-2),比对照增产9.5%。2019年参加同组生产试验,平均产量3422.2 kg·hm^(-2),比对照增产12.8%。2020年邯豆17通过河北省审定,审定编号为冀审豆20200003。该品种抗倒性好,成熟时落叶性好,不裂荚,抗大豆花叶病毒病3号和7号株系,粗蛋白含量为38.66%,粗脂肪含量为21.76%,适宜在河北省中南部区域夏播种植。

中国橡胶树北移栽培研究的历史考察

以20世纪50-80年代中国开展的橡胶树北移栽培研究作为研究对象,从科学史的视角,系统梳理了在西方国家对我国实行橡胶禁运的背景下,中国科学院相关研究所与当时林垦部下辖地方农垦系统、地方科研院所面对国家需求,在华南与云南分别开展系统的中国热带生物资源考察,并在此基础上确定橡胶宜林地,开展橡胶树抗寒抗风研究,最终成功实现橡胶树北移栽培,满足了国家对橡胶这一战略物资需求的过程。这有助于深入理解20世纪50-80年代国家实施的“任务带动学科”的科学发展方针,同时对于认识当代科学研究如何满足国家需求、重大科学研究中不同机构如何更好开展协同攻关,具有重要的现实借鉴价值。

旱优3015在永定县种植表现及高产栽培技术

旱优3015是用沪旱7A与旱恢3015配组育成的籼型三系杂交节水抗旱稻新品种,2020年通过了国家农作物品种审定。2022年引进旱优3015在永定县坎市镇灌溉条件不保障的烟后稻区和复垦地作中稻种植,结果表现群体生长整齐、株型集散适中、分蘖力强、穗大粒多、耐旱抗倒、产量高。总结了旱优3015在永定县的种植表现和高产栽培技术。

培元抗癌汤通过circ_SLIT3/NF-κB轴调节自噬抑制肝癌小鼠肿瘤生长的研究

目的观察培元抗癌汤对Huh7肝癌小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对circRNA狭缝引导配体3(circ_SLIT3)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)轴和肿瘤细胞自噬的影响。方法选择12只雄性C57BL/6小鼠,采用右侧腋窝皮下接种肝癌Huh7细胞悬液的方法建立肝癌模型。造模成功后将小鼠随机分为模型组和培元抗癌汤组,分别给予生理盐水和2 g/mL培元抗癌汤灌胃。连续干预11 d后处死小鼠,根据肿瘤的长度和宽度计算肿瘤体积,剥离肿瘤组织称重并计算抑瘤率,透射电镜观察肿瘤组织中自噬小体和自噬泡的形成情况,Western blot法检测肿瘤组织中微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2蛋白(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)表达情况,PCR法检测肿瘤组织中circ_SLIT3 mRNA表达情况。结果与模型组比较,培元抗癌汤组小鼠的精神状态、纳食、饮水状态等一般情况较好,小鼠肿瘤体积、肿瘤重量均明显降低(P均<0.05),肿瘤细胞中自噬小体、自噬泡明显增多;肿瘤组织中LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值及Caspase-3、Bax、NF-κB蛋白相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白和circ_SLIT3 mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05)。结论培元抗癌汤能抑制Huh7肝癌小鼠肿瘤的生长,其可能是通过circ_SLIT3/NF-κB轴调节自噬来实现的。

避雨栽培葡萄花序灰霉病抗性调查与评价

针对广西葡萄花期灰霉病发生严重的状况,采用田间自然鉴定法,于葡萄二茬果开花期间对避雨栽培的14个品种的花序开展灰霉病抗性调查和分析。根据田间自然鉴定结果,对抗性差异大的4个代表品种花序人工接种灰霉病菌,验证田间自然鉴定结果的可靠性。结果表明,田间调查筛选出2个高抗品种(龙紫旺、龙紫宝)、2个抗性品种(金光、沈农脆丰)及3个感病品种和7个高感品种,并且两种方法均显示‘龙紫旺’‘龙紫宝’是高抗灰霉病的葡萄种质。

幽门螺杆菌临床菌株四环素耐药性及其16S rRNA基因突变分析

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌对四环素的耐药性,对四环素耐药菌株进行耐药基因突变位点分析,为临床根除幽门螺杆菌选择敏感抗生素以及为患者个体化治疗提供参考。方法分离培养胃黏膜组织中的幽门螺杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法进行幽门螺杆菌四环素药物敏感性检测,聚合酶链反应(PCR)法扩增四环素耐药菌株的16S rRNA基因,测序并对其基因突变位点进行分析。结果成功分离幽门螺杆菌82株,四环素耐药菌株5株,耐药率为6%。本地区幽门螺杆菌的四环素耐药基因为AGA926-928CGA的单碱基突变,另外2株耐药菌株分别发生了G970A的突变及A1119G的突变。结论本地区幽门螺杆菌临床菌株四环素耐药率较低。16S rRNA基因中的A926C突变与幽门螺杆菌对四环素耐药有关。

黄淮海南部地区大豆增密抗逆优质高产栽培技术

为充分挖掘大豆品种生产潜力,促进大豆优质高产高效,文章对黄淮海南部地区大豆单产水平关键限制因素进行分析,提出该地区大豆≥3750 kg/hm^(2)优质高产群体特征及产量构成指标;以“增密抗逆”为核心,配套种子处理、种植方式、合理施肥、中耕、化控、病虫草害防控及收获等生产技术集成黄淮海南部地区大豆增密抗逆优质高产栽培技术模式并进行示范推广,旨在为区域大豆生产提供技术支撑。