Tribenuron-Methyl Resistant Shepherd's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) in Hebei Province of China

Shepherd＇s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Results revealed that HB-1,HB-2,HB-3,HB-4,HB-6,HB-7,HB-17,HB-18,HB-19,HB-20,HB-21,and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuron-methyl characterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i.ha-1.On the other hand,populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices （RI） ranging from 10-100 folds,whilst populations HB-5,HB-8,HB-9,HB-10,HB-11,HB-12,HB-13,and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100.The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%,and that of high resistance was about 36.36%.

Characterization of TaCOMT genes associated with stem lignin content in common wheat and development of a gene-specific marker

Stem lignin content(SLC) in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) contributes to lodging resistance. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase(COMT) is a key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. Characterization of TaCOMT genes and development of gene-specific markers could enable marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. In the present study, the full-length genomic DNA(gDNA) sequences of TaCOMT genes located on chromosomes 3 A, 3 B, and 3 D were cloned by homologous cloning. Two allelic variants, TaCOMT-3 Ba and TaCOMT-3 Bb, were identified and differed by a 222-bp insertion/deletion(InDel) in the 3′-untranslated region(3′-UTR). A co-dominant gene-specific marker based on this InDel was developed and designated as Ta COMT-3 BM. A total of 157 wheat cultivars and advanced lines grown in four environments were used to validate the associations between allelic patterns and SLC. The SLC of cultivars with TaCOMT-3 Ba was significantly(P<0.01) higher than that of those with TaCOMT-3 Bb, and the marker TaCOMT-3 BM could be effectively used in wheat breeding.

Effects of Doping Trace Sm^(3+) and Gd^(3+) on Luminescent Character of Y_2O_2S∶Eu^(3+)

After trace Sm^3＋ ions and Gd^3＋ ions doping, the emission intensity of red phosphors Y2O2S： Eu^3 ＋ was enhanced and the voltage character （relation between emission intensity and excitation voltage） was improved while the other properties of physics and chemistry were not changed. The origins of enhancement and improvement are discussed. Probably the distortion and the defect of crystals are decreased by the substitution of Gd^3＋ for Y^3＋ instead of Eu^3＋ for Y^3＋ , and thus the Eu^3＋ crystal field is improved, and radiationless process and energy loss resulted from crystal defect are weakened, which leads to increased luminescence intensity and voltage character improvement. The overlapping fluorescent spectra of Y2O2S： Sm^3＋ emission and Y2O2S：Eu^3＋ excitation as well as Eu^3 ＋ excitation spectra transitions spectra lead to energy transfer from Sm^3 ＋ sensitization of Sm^3＋ ions fectively. containing Sm^3＋ excitation the possibility of resonance ions to Eu^3＋ ions, and the to Eu^3＋ ions is achieved effectively.

Biochemical Characterization of Detoxifying Enzymes in Dimethoate-Resistant Strains of Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and non-persistently transmitted. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though resistance to insecticides has been documented worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management strategies. The present investigation was conducted to study the development of resistance to an organophosphate (OP) compound-dimethoate, identify biochemical mechanism(s) involved in resistance and study cross-resistance to imidacloprid in laboratory selected A. gossypii strains in comparison to susceptible strains. Bioassay studies revealed that the LC50 values increased dramatically with dimethoate selection in resistant strains and the resistance ratio (RR) was 270-, 243- and 210-fold greater than that of the susceptible strains by 30th generation. Further, biochemical assays revealed enhanced activities of carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450-mediated p-Nitroanisole O-demethylase (PNOD) in resistant strains supporting their role in dimethoate detoxification. This study thus revealed that enhanced activity of detoxifying enzymes viz., CarE, GSTs and PNODs is one of the mechanisms underlying dimethoate resistance in A. gossypii collected from South India. Interestingly, the possibility of negatively correlated cross-resistance to imidacloprid was identified in three OP- resistant strains exhibiting 2.97-, 2.56- and 3.76-fold sensitivity to imidacloprid (a novel neonicotinoid). This indicated that the latter was less affected by the resistance mechanism(s) present.

Biochemical Characterization of Detoxifying Enzymes in Dimethoate-Resistant Strains of Melon Aphid, <i>Aphis gossypii</i>(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and non-persistently transmitted. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though resistance to insecticides has been documented worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management strategies. The present investigation was conducted to study the development of resistance to an organophosphate (OP) compound-dimethoate, identify biochemical mechanism(s) involved in resistance and study cross-resistance to imidacloprid in laboratory selected A. gossypii strains in comparison to susceptible strains. Bioassay studies revealed that the LC50 values increased dramatically with dimethoate selection in resistant strains and the resistance ratio (RR) was 270-, 243- and 210-fold greater than that of the susceptible strains by 30th generation. Further, biochemical assays revealed enhanced activities of carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450-mediated p-Nitroanisole O-demethylase (PNOD) in resistant strains supporting their role in dimethoate detoxification. This study thus revealed that enhanced activity of detoxifying enzymes viz., CarE, GSTs and PNODs is one of the mechanisms underlying dimethoate resistance in A. gossypii collected from South India. Interestingly, the possibility of negatively correlated cross-resistance to imidacloprid was identified in three OP- resistant strains exhibiting 2.97-, 2.56- and 3.76-fold sensitivity to imidacloprid (a novel neonicotinoid). This indicated that the latter was less affected by the resistance mechanism(s) present.

食品天然防腐抑菌剂Elansolid A1/A2关键中间体的合成研究

食品在自然状态下易腐败变质,为了延长食品的货架期,保证其本身的风味与口感,需要进行防腐抑菌处理。从滑行细菌中分离出来的次级代谢产物Elansolid A1/A2具有良好的抗氧化抑菌活性,在食品中具有重要的应用价值。本文以天然酯类化合物丙炔酸乙酯为原料,经过三步总收率(56%)合成Elansolid A1/A2的关键中间体,为食品防腐抑菌剂的全合成研究奠定了物质基础。

L-Fuzzy拓扑空间的O_s-连通性

在 L- fuzzy拓扑空间中借助开集提出了一种具有 fuzzy特色的 Os-连通性 ,当 s=0时 ,它就是O-连通性。讨论它的若干性质 ,证明它是 L-好的推广。

抗感RILs株系(岗46B/A232)主要农艺性状与三化螟抗性的相关分析

【目的】明确三化螟产卵趋性和幼虫取食趋性与水稻植株主要农艺性状的相关关系。【方法】本研究利用部分对三化螟存在抗感差异的重组自交系株系(岗46B×A232,F_9)为材料,对主要农艺性状和幼虫为害性状(枯心指数)及主要农艺性状和成虫产卵量(叶片着卵指数)进行了相关和通径分析。【结果】叶鞘长、播抽天数和倒二叶SPAD值对枯心指数的直接作用为正效应,分蘖数、钩毛和刺毛数及叶片着卵指数对枯心指数直接作用均为负效应,效应大小依次为:播抽天数(0.7852)>倒二叶SPAD值(0.4321)>叶鞘长(0.3986)>分蘖数(-0.3043)>叶片着卵指数(-0.7521)>钩毛和刺毛数(-1.7206);播抽天数和倒二叶SPAD值对叶片着卵指数直接作用为正效应,通过性状间接作用,最终使播抽天数和倒二叶SPAD值两性状与叶片着卵量指数表现为负相关关系;钩毛和刺毛数(400倍镜)对叶片着卵指数的直接作用为最大负效应,通过性状间接作用,叶片腹面上的钩毛和刺毛数最终仍与叶片着卵量性状表现为极显著负相关关系。【结论】本研究结果对水稻种质三化螟抗性评价及抗性品种选育具有指导意义。

O-酰基-L-丝氨酸衍生物和S-酰基-L-半胱氨酸衍生物的合成研究

目的寻找能将氨基酸侧链的羟基、巯基与二元羧酸连接成酯的方法。方法分别以L 丝氨酸和L 半胱氨酸为起始物 ,采用叔丁氧羰基、苄酯或二苯甲酯形式保护 ,分别与丁二酸单苄酯、草酸单苄酯、丁二酸单叔丁酯缩合成酯 ,合成了 3个未见文献报道的化合物O (4 苄氧丁二酰基 ) N 叔丁氧羰基 L 丝氨酸苄酯 (4 )、O (2 苄氧草酰基 ) N 叔丁氧羰基 L 丝氨酸苄酯 (8)、S (4 叔丁氧丁二酰基 ) N 叔丁氧羰基 L 半胱氨酸二苯甲酯 (12 )。化合物 4经氢解合成未见文献报道的化合物O 丁二酰基 N 叔丁氧羰基 L 丝氨酸 (5 )。化合物 5经酸解得到O 丁二酰基 L 丝氨酸(6)。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经光谱确证。通过这种方法二元羧酸能与氨基酸的羟基。

BiYbO_3-BaTiO_3-LiNbO_3陶瓷微结构与性能研究

研究了不同成分的BiYbO_3-BaTiO_3-LiNbO_3陶瓷的晶体结构、表面形貌与介电、铁电性能。研究结果表明,BiYbO_3-BaTiO_3-LiNbO_3预烧粉体均为纯相,烧结后试样中存在少量的Bi2O_3和Yb_2TiO_5第二相,其组织致密、多边形状晶粒中有少量细小的球状晶粒存在。0.25BY-0.7BT-0.05LN陶瓷的介电常数最大(ε_(rmax)=280),剩余极化强度相对较大,P_r=0.47μC/cm2,矫顽场强E_c=19.04kV/cm。0.1BY-0.8BT-0.1LN陶瓷的剩余极化强度最大(P_(rmax)=0.83μC/cm^2),矫顽场强E_c=17.86kV/cm。

L-Fuzzy拓扑空间中O_s-连通性的樊畿定理

在文献[1] (张杰 ,王秀英。L- Fuzzy拓扑空间的 Os-连通性 [J]。模糊系统与数学 ,2 0 0 1 ( 1 ) :2 1 - 2 4。)的基础上 ,借助分子的邻域 ,给出 Os—连通性的樊畿定理。

血必净注射液对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4及核转录因子-κB表达的影响

目的 观察血必净注射液对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)活性的干预作用.方法 将110只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、血必净干预组,后两组再分为染菌后1、6、12、24、48 h亚组,每组10只大鼠.于大鼠左后肢皮下注射创伤弧菌悬液制备创伤弧菌脓毒症模型;血必净组于染菌后0.5 h腹腔注射血必净注射液4 ml/kg.各时间点处死大鼠取肺组织,检测肺组织湿/干重比值(W/D比值)、TLR4 mRNA表达、NF-κB活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果 模型组大鼠肺组织W/D比值于染菌后6、12、24、48 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组24 h、48 h较模型组明显减小(均P【0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达在染菌后6、12、24 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组6 h较模型组明显减少(均P【0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织NF-κB活性在染菌后1、6、12 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组1 h、6 h较模型组明显降低,24 h、48 h较模型组明显升高(均P【0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织TNF-α于染菌后1、6、12、24 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组12 h较模型组明显降低(均P【0.05).结论 TLR4-NF-κB通路参与了创伤弧菌脓毒症肺损伤的早期病理生理过程;血必净注射液能抑制TLR4-NF-κB活化,减轻创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺损伤.

N80钢C-N-O-S共渗层组织和耐蚀性研究

采用低温气体多元共渗技术在N80钢表面获得了C-N-O-S共渗层;采用XRD测试了共渗层的相组成;利用SEM、EDX观察了渗层形貌、厚度及共渗元素的分布;在含饱和CO2的模拟油田介质中测试了共渗层的极化曲线与渗层的腐蚀速率。试验结果表明,渗层厚约50μm,主相为高电位的Fe4N、FeS,并在表面层含有Fe2O3和Fe3O4,氮化物按纵-横-纵的方式分布,C-N-O-S共渗层自腐蚀电位正移300 mV,在120℃腐蚀失重从空白试样的2.11 g/(m2.h)下降为0.62 g/(m2.h)。

利用Langmuir探针诊断激波管高温高密度等离子体

利用Langmuir探针诊断等离子体参数的基本原理,对由激波管产生的高温等离子体进行了密度诊断,实时得到了较为完整的等离子体伏安特性曲线,并通过数据处理得到等离子体电子温度、电子密度参数等。比较了激波马赫数9Ms^24Ms范围内,Langmuir探针与离子探针收集法电子密度测量结果,二者的差异较小,且具有相同的变化趋势,因此验证了采用本实验装置诊断等离子体的可靠性和正确性,为高温高密度等离子体的研究提供一种有效的诊断手段。

江苏省典型汽车涂装企业VOCs排放特征与污染控制技术

利用物料衡算和源排放测试对江苏省典型汽车涂装企业VOCs排放特征进行研究,并提出最佳治理技术。结果表明,大客车单位涂装面积VOCs排放量达到300 g/m2以上,小轿车为40~60 g/m2。苯系物是VOCs排放的重要组分,最高占比为33.2%~64.6%。乙酸丁酯、异丙醇、丁醇等醇酯类物质近年来广泛用于代替苯系物溶剂,其排放占比为29.6%~61.2%。汽车涂装行业最佳治理技术包括采用3C1B、水性免中涂等先进涂装工艺,用粉末涂料、水性涂料和高固体成分涂料等代替溶剂型涂料,从源头控制排放。采用干式漆雾分离技术、转轮浓缩吸附-蓄热式焚烧技术等先进尾气治理技术,VOCs去除率可达99%以上。

Al_2O_3陶瓷粉末注射脱脂生坯分形结构表征

采用分形理论建立PIM脱脂生坯的孔隙分形维数、孔隙面积分形维数和迂曲分形维数,再通过实验研究有效热导率与孔隙率的影响关系,进而揭示Al_2O_3脱脂生坯的微观分形结构特征。研究结果表明:PIM生坯孔隙分形维数越大,孔隙越复杂,其孔隙率越大;有效热导率随着孔隙率的增加而减小;而在相同孔隙率下,有效热导率随着面积分形维数的增大而增大,随着迂曲分形维数的增大而减小。

TiO_2对水热法制备钛酸锶钡的影响

以乙酸锶、乙酸钡、钛酸丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出钛酸锶钡(BST)前驱体。在前驱体中分别加入10%金红石TiO_2、锐钛矿TiO_2和用水热法制备的一维TiO_2,再进行水热合成,得到3种不同的水热产物。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜镜(SEM)对前驱体和3种水热产物进行物相和形貌的表征,并对水热产物的生长机理和形成原因进行探讨。结果表明,在前驱体中添加锐钛矿TiO_2能够制备出柱状晶结构的BST;添加一维TiO_2的前驱体生成了一维的BST晶体。

Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si合金的热变形行为

对Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si合金进行了变形温度为750~900℃、变形速率为0.001~1s^(-1)条件下的等温压缩实验。结果表明,随着变形温度升高或变形速率降低,峰值应力明显降低,合金容易发生动态再结晶。通过线性回归分析,求得Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si合金的变形激活能为410.4kJ/mol,建立了Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si合金的高温热变形流变应力本构方程6)ε=e^(40.56)[sinh(0.017σ)]^(5.21)exp[-410.4×10~3/(RT)]。分别讨论了变形温度和变形速率对Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si合金在等温压缩变形中显微组织的影响。最后基于动态材料模型理论,用Prasad失稳判据,得到不同真应变量下的热加工图。优化后的工艺参数为变形温度860~900℃和变形速率0.002~0.01s^(-1)。

TACE联合索拉菲尼治疗晚期肝癌患者的疗效及对血清VEGF、CTGF、HIF-1α及OPN水平的影响

目的 探讨经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）联合索拉菲尼对晚期肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）患者的临床疗效及对血清血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、结缔组织生长因子（connective tissue growth factor,CTGF）、缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α）及骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）水平的影响。方法 选取2013年9月~2014年12月台州市肿瘤医院收治的HCC患者113例,按照随机数字法分为对照组（n=56）和试验组（n=57）,对照组采用TACE治疗,试验组采用TACE联合索拉菲尼治疗。分别于术前及术后1、3、7 d采用间接酶联免疫吸附测定法检测并比较2组患者血清VEGF、CTGF、HIF-1α及OPN水平,并进行Spearman相关性分析;统计2组远期临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 术后1 d 2组患者血清VEGF、CTGF、HIF-1α及OPN水平较术前显著升高（P〈0.01）;术后1 d至7 d 2组患者血清各因子水平均呈下降趋势（P〈0.05）,且2组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;HIF-1α水平与VEGF、CTGF及OPN水平均呈显著正相关（r=0.951,r=0.954,r=0.929,P〈0.05）;试验组中位生存时间及1年生存率较对照组显著增加（P〈0.01）;试验组手足反应、脱发及腹泻发生率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,2组间其他各项不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 TCAE联合索拉菲尼较单独TACE可显著降低HCC患者VEGF、CTGF、HIF-1α、OPN水平,延长患者生存期,且不增加不良反应。