Efficacy of activating blood and resolving stasis therapy for IgA nephropathy:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood and resolving stasis in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:From inception to May 2022,databases including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,WanFang database,Chinese Biomedical Database,VIP,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials about enhancing blood circulation and removing stasis for IgA nephropathy.For the articles that satisfied the requirements,quality assessment and meta-analysis were done.Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 1653 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that activating blood and resolving stasis could increase therapeutic effectiveness(risk ratio(RR)=-0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006)and decrease levels of serum creatinine(RR=-0.47,95%CI(-0.37,-0.2),P=0.0006),urea nitrogen(RR=0.85,95%CI(1.44,0.26),P=0.005),24-hour urinary protein quantification(RR=1.6,95%CI(2.44,0.95).P=0.00001),and urine red blood cell count(RR=1.7,95%CI(2.57,0.82),P=0.0001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of security(RR=0.6,95%CI(0.36,1.01),P=0.05).Conclusion:Western medicine combined activating blood and resolving stasis is more efficient than Western medicine therapy alone in treating IgA nephropathy,but it still needs to be supported by additional large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials due to the poor quality of the included trials.

Water Vapor,Cloud,and Surface Rainfall Budgets Associated with the Landfall of Typhoon Krosa(2007):A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study

Water vapor, cloud, and surface rainfall budgets associated with the landfall of Typhoon Krosa on 6-8 October 2007 are analyzed based on a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated with imposed zonally-uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature, and vapor advection from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System （GDAS） data. The simulation data that are validated with observations are examined to study physical causes associated with surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The time- and domain-mean analysis shows that when Krosa approached the eastern coast of China on 6 October, the water vapor convergence over land caused a local atmospheric moistening and a net condensation that further produced surface rainfall and an increase of cloud hydrometeor concentration. Meanwhile, latent heating was balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric warming. One day later, the enhancement of net condensation led to an increase of surface rainfall and a local atmospheric drying, while the water vapor convergence weakened as a result of the landfall-induced deprivation of water vapor flux. At the same time, the latent heating is mainly compensated the advective cooling. Further weakening of vapor convergence on 8 October enhanced the local atmospheric drying while the net condensation and associated surface rainfall was maintained. The latent heating is balanced by advective cooling and a local atmospheric cooling.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury with the Pathopattern of Qi-Deficiency and Blood-Stasis in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective To establish a rat model of Spinal Cord Injury(SCI)with the pathopattern of Qi-deficiency and Blood-stasis(QDBS)in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and then assess its feasibility.Methods Swimming exhaustion method and Rubrospinal Tract(RST)transection were combined to establish arat model of SCI with pathopattern of QDBS in TCM.Macroscopic representation,including the body weight,food intake and tongue scores,was recorded.Behavioristics was scored with spontaneous vertical exploration test.Hemorrheology was analyzed using hemorheological analyzer and morphology of spinal cord was observed.The feasibility of the model was confirmed on the basis of the reversion caused by administration of Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction(BYHWD).Results The findings in the QDBS group were consistent with the symptoms of QDBS syndrome,including reduced body weight,food intake,and forelimb utilization rate and increased tongue scores.However,the corresponding findings in the BYHWD group were superior to those in the QDBS group after35d(P<0.05).In comparison with the control group,the QDBS group showed higher whole blood viscosity and hematocrit values(P<0.05)and a lower red blood cell(RBC)deformability index(P<0.05),while the corresponding findings in the BYHWD group were close to those in the control group.An eminence or induration appeared in the injured spinal cord,which was suspected to be vacuoles or a scar.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the R/T ratio in the BYHWD group was higher than that in the QDBS group(P<0.05).Conclusion Swimming exhaustion method combined with RST transection operation can successfully establish a rat model of SCI with pathopattern of QDBS.

Impacts of Initial Conditions on Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations

Impacts of initial conditions on cloud-resolving model simulations are investigated using a series of sensitivity experiments. Five experiments with perturbed initial temperature, moisture, and cloud conditions are conducted and compared to the control experiment. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System （GDAS）. The results indicate that model predictions of rainfall are much more sensitive to the initial conditions than those of temperature and moisture. Further analyses of the surface rainfall equation and the moisture and cloud hydrometeor budgets reveal that the calculations of vapor condensation and deposition rates in the model account for the large sensitivities in rainfall simulations.

A Modeling Analysis of Rainfall and Water Cycle by the Cloud-resolving WRF Model over the Western North Pacific

Simulated regional precipitation, especially extreme precipitation events, and the regional hydrologic budgets over the western North Pacific region during the period from May to June 2008 were investigated with the high-resolution （4-km grid spacing） Weather Research and Forecast （WRF v3.2.1） model with explicit cloud microphysics. The model initial and boundary conditions were derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy （NCEP/DOE） Reanalysis 2 data. The model precipitation results were evaluated against the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 product. The results show that the WRF simulations can reason- ably reproduce the spatial distributions of daily mean precipitation and rainy days. However, the simulated frequency distributions of rainy days showed an overestimation of light precipitation, an underestimation of moderate to heavy precipitation, but a good representation of extreme precipitation. The downscaling approach was able to add value to the very heavy precipitation over the ocean since the convective processes are resolved by the high-resolution cloud-resolving model. Moreover, the water vapor budget analysis indi- cates that heavy precipitation is contributed mostly by the stronger moisture convergence; whereas, in less convective periods, the precipitation is more influenced by the surface evaporation. The simulated water vapor budgets imply the importance in the tropical monsoon region of cloud microphysics that affects the precipitation, atmospheric latent heating and, subsequently, the large-scale circulation.

Managing Variation and Resolving the Trade-off Implications of Global Supply

The reduction of wasteful variation within the supp ly chain is naturally suited to high and stable volumes, as epitomised in the lean practices of the automotive industry. However, with the growth of innovative pr oducts, typically characterised by lower volumes and uncertain demand, it is als o important to develop strategies to effectively manage the externally imposed v ariation resulting from volatile market demand. Such strategies often come under the banner of quick response or agile supply. System variation is the common denominator, for whereas lean strategies emphasis e the need for stability and the reduction of wasteful supply chain variation, a gile emphasises the need to respond to externally imposed demand variation. Simi larly, lean supply is closely associated with level scheduling and investing in inventory to decouple demand variation from the supply chain, whereas, agile sup ply is associated with investing in responsive capacity as inventory requirement s cannot be effectively predicted. This distinction between lean and agile supply, highlights a trade-off between investing in responsive capacity and decoupling inventory, which is closely related to the conflicting manufacturing tasks of fast response and low cost. The implications of this conflict have been more widely felt in recent years, as companies have opted to outsource manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers. T he rationale is to reduce manufacturing costs, but the trade-off is a dramatic loss of responsive capacity with higher dependency on decoupling inventory. As with lean and agile supply, the trade-off implications of such choices need to be acknowledged, conceptually understood and then separate out or otherwise r esolved. This paper introduces the business need before exploring the significance of var iation and the concept of managing variation in a delivery system using responsi ve capacity and decoupling inventory. These concepts will then be used to unpack the lean and agile paradigms before applying the thinking to a more detailed in dustrial case concerning offshore supply decisions. The paper concludes with som e reflections.

A Review of Cloud-Resolving Model Studies of Convective Processes

Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud micro- physical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models （CRMs） have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed large-scale forcing. The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective- related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations. This review the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations, including precipitation processes; cloud microphysical and radiative processes; dynamical processes; precipitation efficiency; diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection; local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes; and tropical convective-radiative equilibrium states. Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models （GCMs） are discussed： replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation, and improving the schemes for climate simulations.

How Are El Nio and La Nia Events Improved in an Eddy-Resolving Ocean General Circulation Model?

The present study compares the performance of two versions of the LASG/IAP(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate System Ocean Model(LICOM) in reproducing the interannual variability associated with El Nio and La Nia events in the tropical Pacific. Both versions are forced with the identical boundary conditions from observed or reanalysis data, in which one version has a finer spatial resolution of(1/10)° in the horizontal domain and 55 vertical layers, and the other version has a coarse resolution of 1° in the horizontal domain and 30 vertical layers. ENSO simulations form the two versions are compared with observations and, in particular, the improvements with regard to ENSO by the finer resolution ocean model are emphasized. As a result of the finer spatial resolution, both the vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity are better represented in the equatorial Pacific than they are by the coarse resolution model; and thus, the corresponding vertical advections of temperature are more reasonable. Besides the mean climatology, simulated ENSO events and relevant feedbacks are much improved in the finer resolution model. A heat budget analysis suggests that both thermocline feedback and Ekman feedback are mainly responsible for the rapid increase in temperature anomalies during the developing and mature phases of ENSO events.

On Certain Connected Resolving Parameters of Hypercube Networks

Given a graph , a set is a resolving set if for each pair of distinct vertices there is a vertex such that . A resolving set containing a minimum number of vertices is called a minimum resolving set or a basis for . The cardinality of a minimum resolving set is called the resolving number or dimension of and is denoted by . A resolving set is said to be a star resolving set if it induces a star, and a path resolving set if it induces a path. The minimum cardinality of these sets, denoted respectively by and are called the star resolving number and path resolving number. In this paper we investigate these re-solving parameters for the hypercube networks.

Nested Genetic Algorithm for Resolving Overlapped Spectral Bands

A nested genetic algorithm, including genetic parameter level and genetic implemented level for peak parameters, was proposed and applied for resolving overlapped spectral bands. By the genetic parameter level, parameters of generic algorithm were optimized; moreover, the number of overlapped peaks was determined simultaneously Then parameters of individual peaks were computed with the genetic implemented level.

Analysis of the Spectral Resolving Power in Tomographic Imaging Spectrometry

From the point of view of design requirements, influence of the width of the output image of an imaging subsystem in a tomographic imaging spectrometer, namely width of the slit, the grating and the size of the CCD pixel are analyzed. For the tomographic imaging spectrometry, if the amplification ratio of the imaging subsystem is not high enough to make the whole object to be compressed within the slit, then either the slit width should be increased or the slit width kept unchanged but scanned to receive information of the object. While the width-increase method reduces the spectral resolving power and the SNR; the scanning method reduces the SNR. Analysis of the two cases and computer simulation results are given.

Effects of Doubled Carbon Dioxide on Rainfall Responses to Large-Scale Forcing:A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study

ABSTRACT Rainfall responses to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were investigated through the analysis of two pairs of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments. One pair of experiments simulated pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China around the summer solstice, whereas the other pair of experiments simulated tropical rainfall around the winter solstice. The analysis of the time and model domain mean heat budget revealed that the enhanced local atmospheric warming was associated with doubled carbon dioxide through the weakened infrared radiative cooling during the summer solstice. The weakened mean pre-summer rainfall corresponded to the weakened mean infrared radiative cooling. Doubled carbon dioxide increased the mean tropical atmospheric warming via the enhanced mean latent heat in correspondence with the strengthened mean infrared radiative cooling during the winter solstice. The enhanced mean tropical rainfall was associated with the increased mean latent heat.

Minimal Doubly Resolving Sets of Certain Families of Toeplitz Graph

The doubly resolving sets are a natural tool to identify where diffusion occurs in a complicated network.Many realworld phenomena,such as rumour spreading on social networks,the spread of infectious diseases,and the spread of the virus on the internet,may be modelled using information diffusion in networks.It is obviously impractical to monitor every node due to cost and overhead limits because there are too many nodes in the network,some of which may be unable or unwilling to send information about their state.As a result,the source localization problem is to find the number of nodes in the network that best explains the observed diffusion.This problem can be successfully solved by using its relationship with the well-studied related minimal doubly resolving set problem,which minimizes the number of observers required for accurate detection.This paper aims to investigate the minimal doubly resolving set for certain families of Toeplitz graph Tn(1,t),for t≥2 and n≥t+2.We come to the conclusion that for Tn(1,2),the metric and double metric dimensions are equal and for Tn(1,4),the double metric dimension is exactly one more than the metric dimension.Also,the double metric dimension for Tn(1,3)is equal to the metric dimension for n=5,6,7 and one greater than the metric dimension for n≥8.

Interaction of an anticyclonic eddy with sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean:an eddy-resolving model study

The dramatic decline of summer sea ice extent and thickness has been witnessed in the western Arctic Ocean in recent decades, which has motivated scientists to search for possible factors driving the sea ice variability. An eddy-resolving, ice-ocean coupled model covering the entire Arctic Ocean is implemented, with focus on the western Arctic Ocean. Special attention is paid to the summer Maskan coastal current （ACC）, which has a high temperature （up to 5℃ or more） in the upper layer due to the solar radiation over the open water at the lower latitude. Downstream of the ACC after Barrow Point, a surface-intensified anticyclonic eddy is frequently generated and propagate towards the Canada Basin during the summer season when sea ice has retreated away from the coast. Such an eddy has a warm core, and its source is high-temperature ACC water. A typical warm-core eddy is traced. It is trapped just below summer sea ice melt water and has a thickness about 60 m. Temperature in the eddy core reaches 2-3℃, and most water inside the eddy has a temperature over 1℃. With a definition of the eddy boundary, an eddy heat is calculated, which can melt 1 600 km2 of 1 m thick sea ice under extreme conditions.

Spatially resolved metabolomics visualizes heterogeneous distribution of metabolites in lung tissue and the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of Prismatomeris connate extract

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive end-stage lung disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the progression of this disease remain elusive. Presently, clinically employed drugs are scarce for the treatment of PF. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing novel drugs to address such diseases. Our study found for the first time that a natural source of Prismatomeris connata Y. Z. Ruan (Huang Gen, HG) ethyl acetate extract (HG-2) had a significant anti-PF effect by inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad) pathway. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that HG-2 had effects on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, cellular response to reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly. Moreover, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize the heterogeneous distribution of endogenous metabolites in lung tissue and reveal the anti-PF metabolic mechanism of HG-2, which was related to arginine biosynthesis and alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism, the downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, and the upregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, we elaborated on the relationship between metabolite distribution and the progression of PF, constructed the regulatory metabolic network of HG-2, and discovered the multi-target therapeutic effect of HG-2, which might be conducive to the development of new drugs for PF.

Efficacy of the method of tonifying Qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis in thetreatment of AECOPD:A meta analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:Search the China Knowledge Network(CNKI),VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and select the databases that meet the requirements for tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis.The stasis method in the treatment of AECOPD was included in the standard literature,and RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 10 articles were included,with a total of 854 patients,435 in the treatment group and 419 in the control group.Systematic analysis shows that the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis combined with conventional Western medicine treatment of AECOPD is significantly different in total clinical effective rate than conventional Western medicine treatment alone[OR=3.98,95%CI(2.23,7.11),P<0.00001];In terms of lung function,FEV1/FVC[MD=6.08,95%CI(5.01,7.15),P<0.00001],FEV1[MD=0.07,95%CI(0.01,0.13),P=0.02],FEV1%[MD=4.56,95%CI(3.09,6.02),P<0.00001]is significantly higher than the control group;arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_(2))[MD=18.47,95%CI(16.77,20.16),P<0.00001]Significant improvement compared to the control group;arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))[MD=-7.48,95%CI(-8.7,-6.26),P<0.00001]was significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis combined with conventional Western medicine treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute exacerbations can improve clinical efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients.

Study on COVID-19 based on nourishing yin and resolving phlegm

To explore the theoretical basis of nourishing yin and resolving phlegm method and the characteristics of stage drug use.Inquire literature and seek the internal relationship between phlegm,dampness,water,drink and body fluid,blood and yin essence,and to expound the theoretical basis and characteristics of nourishing yin and resolving phlegm method.We put forward that expectorant is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in traditional Chinese medicine.Phlegm,drinking,dampness,body fluid,blood,and yin essence belong to the category of yin.Clinical syndrome can be evaluated based on the degree of yin injury and phlegm dampness.

Impact of public name resolving services on Akamai

To enhance user perceived performance,Akamai' s content distribution network(CDN) utilizes the domain name system(DNS) effectively to redirect users to close-by content replicas over short time scale.The use of DNS redirection has brought a significant advantage to Akamai' s CDN.However,the reliance on DNS also poses a fundamental threat to Akamai' s content distribution model.In particular,systematic evaluation and quantification illustrates the impact of recent emerging public DNS resolving services on Akamai' s CDN,including the degradation of corresponding user perceived performance and the benefit damnification of collaborating internet services providers(ISPs) that host Akamai's edge servers.The measurement demonstrates that a considerable penetration of public DNS resolving services(e.g.,OpenDNS and GoogleDNS) effectively corrupts the Akamai' s serving model,namely the large-scale server distribution and quick DNS redirection.

Research Progress and Prospects on the Anti-liver Fibrosis,Blood Circulation-promoting and Stasis-resolving Effects of Curcuma kwangsiensis Based on W-P Bodies

Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.So far,no satisfactory drugs have been found to intervene in liver fibrosis.Liver microcirculation disorders are one of the important pathogenesis of chronic liver disease,and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells(HSECs)are the main cells that constitute the liver microcirculation barrier.In clinical practice,W-P bodies have been detected in HSECs of most patients with liver fibrosis.W-P bodies serve as a site for the synthesis and storage of vW factors,ET-1 and other cytokines that promote liver fibrosis.They can disrupt the structure and function of HSECs,cause liver microcirculation disorders,and exacerbate the progression of liver fibrosis.Previous studies have found that the Guangxi specialty ethnic medicine,C.kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang,has definite effects in promoting blood circulation,resolving blood stasis,and resisting liver fibrosis.Based on this,a further research idea has been derived,stating that the blood circulation-promoting,blood stasis-resolving,and anti-liver fibrosis effects of C.kwangsiensis are produced by affecting the formation of W-P bodies,the synthesis and storage of contents in W-P bodies,and intervening in their exocytosis capacity.

RESOLVE-DWI对宫颈癌宫旁浸润的诊断价值

目的探讨高清弥散(RESOLVE-DWI)加权成像在宫颈癌宫旁浸润诊断中的价值。方法收集65例经手术病理证实并分期的宫颈癌患者入组,所有患者均行高分辨T_(2)WI、常规DWI,RESOLVE-DWI检查。测量两组DWI图像的ADC值,并统计两组DWI内有宫旁浸润和无宫旁浸润组的ADC值有无统计学差异。由两位主治及以上医师使用双盲法对宫颈癌进行宫旁浸润的判定,将术前FIGO临床分期和多序列MRI分期的结果与手术病理结果对照,评价临床评估、HR-T_(2)WI+常规DWI、HR-T_(2)WI+RESOLVE-DWI三组方式对宫旁浸润评估的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。将3组结果运用配对资料χ^(2)检验,比较四组宫旁浸润评估的准确度。用Kappa检验计算3组方法判断宫旁浸润与病理结果的一致性。结果常规DWI和RESOLVE-DWI两组ADC值的差异无明显统计学意义,两组内有宫旁浸润的ADC值均明显低于无宫旁浸润的组,差异有统计学意义。与临床评估相比,HR-T_(2)WI+DWI、HRT_(2)WI+RESOLVE-DWI均明显提高了宫旁浸润诊断的准确性,其中HR-T_(2)WI+RESOLVE-DWI诊断准确性最高,为宫颈癌治疗方案的选择提供了更科学合理的依据。