Loss Factors and their Effect on Resonance Peaks in Mechanical Systems

The loss factors and their effects on the magnitude and frequency of resonance peaks in various mechanical sys-tems are reviewed for acoustic,vibration,and vibration fatigue applications.The main trends and relationships were obtained for linear mechanical models with hysteresis damping.The well-known features(complex module of elasticity,total loss factor,etc.)are clarified for practical engineers and students,and new results are presented(in particular,for 2-DOF in-series models with hysteresis friction).The results are of both educational and prac-tical interest and may be applied for NVH analysis and testing,mechanical and aeromechanical design,and noise and vibration control in buildings.

A Review on Methods for Determining the Vibratory Damping Ratio

This article aims to popularize the methods for determining the vibratory damping ratio, to explain the various mathematical and physical theorems related to the establishment of literal expressions. Vibration damping is an essential parameter to reduce the dynamic responses of structures. The study aimed at its determination is necessary and essential for the safeguard of buildings and human lives during the earthquake. Among the main methods studied in this article, the free vibration attenuation method seems to be easy to implement but requires a state-of-the-art device to capture the responses. In addition to this device, the other methods require other equipment for the vibration of the system and the transformation of the responses in the frequency domain.

A mathematics model investigation of ideal fluids in a pipeline of moving ending

A case of ideal fluid flow in a moving ending rigid constant diameter circular pipeline is investigated. A model of the pipeline was established based on distributed-parameter theory. The comparisons on a quotient module of output and input pressure of the moving ending model and neglected ending moving model are made on the frequency response. It is revealed that the moving ending of pipeline influences largely the quotient amplitude of output and input pressure, and the peak value of frequency resonance increases with the increase of pipeline’s length.

Conditions and Phase Shift of Fluid Resonance in Narrow Gaps of Bottom Mounted Caissons

This paper studies the viscid and inviscid fluid resonance in gaps of bottom mounted caissons onthe basis of the plane wave hypothesis and full wave model, The theoretical analysis and the numerical results demonstrate that the condition for the appearance of fluid resonance in narrow gaps is kh=（2n＋1）π （n=0, 1, 2, 3 ）, rather than kh=nn （n=0, 1, 2, 3, ...）; the transmission peaks in viscid fluid are related to the resonance peaks in the gaps. k and h stand for the wave number and the gap length. The combination of the plane wave hypothesis or the full wave model with the local viscosity model can accurately determine the heights and the locations of the resonance peaks. The upper bound for the appearance of fluid resonance in gaps is 2b/L〈l （2b, grating constant; L, wave length） and the lower bound is h/b〈~ l. The main reason for the phase shift of the resonance peaks is the inductive factors. The number of resonance peaks in the spectrum curve is dependent on the ratio of the gap length to the grating constant. The heights and the positions of the resonance peaks predicted by the present models agree well with the experimental data.

Ultra-wide tuning single channel filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystal with an air cavity

By inserting an air cavity into a one-dimensional photonic crystal of LiF/GaSb, a tunable filter covering the whole visible range is proposed. Following consideration of the dispersion of the materials, through modulating the thickness of the air cavity, we demonstrate that a single resonant peak can shift from 416.1 to 667.3 nm in the band gap at normal incidence by means of the transfer matrix method. The research also shows that the transmittance of the channel can be maximized when the number of periodic Li F/Ga Sb layers on one side of the air defect layer is equal to that of the other side. When adding a period to both sides respectively, the full width at half maximum of the defect mode is reduced by one order of magnitude. This structure will provide a promising approach to fabricate practical tunable filters in the visible region with ultra-wide tuning range.

The Resonance Suppression for Parallel Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters in Weak Grid

Obvious resonance peak will be generated when parallel photovoltaic grid-connected inverters are connected to the weak grid with high grid impedance, which seriously affects the stability of grid-connected operation of the photovoltaic system. To overcome the problems mentioned above, the mathematical model of the parallel photovoltaic inverters is established. Several factors including the impact of the reference current of the grid-connected inverter, the grid voltage interference and the current disturbance between the photovoltaic inverters in parallel with the grid-connected inverters are analyzed. The grid impedance and the LCL filter of the photovoltaic inverter system are found to be the key elements which lead to existence of resonance peak. This paper presents the branch voltage and current double feedback suppression method under the premise of not changing the topological structure of the photovoltaic inverter, which effectively handles the resonance peak, weakens the harmonic content of the grid current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the voltage at the point of common coupling, and improves the stability of the parallel operation of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverters in weak grid. At last, the simulation model is established to verify the reliability of this suppression method.

Laser Polarization Effect on Molecular Harmonic and Elliptically Polarized Attosecond Pulse Generation

Molecular harmonic spectra of H+2driven by the linearly polarized laser pulses with different polarized angles have been theoretically investigated through solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation.(i) Below-threshold harmonic spectra show a visible enhanced peak around the 7th harmonic(H7), which produces a red-shift phenomenon as the internuclear distance increased. Theoretical analyses show the red-shift enhanced peak is caused by the laser-induced electron transfer between the ground state and the 1st excited state of H+2.(ii) Due to the two-centre interference phenomenon, the above-threshold harmonic spectra exhibit many maxima and minima.(iii)With the introduction of the polarized angle, the anomalous elliptically polarized harmonics can be found. But, with the introduction of the spatial inhomogeneous effect, not only the ellipticities of the harmonics are equal to a stable value of ε～ 0.1–0.3, but also the harmonic cutoffs are extended. As a result, four super-bandwidths of 407 e V, 310 e V,389 e V, and 581 e V can be obtained. Time profiles of the harmonic generations have been shown to explain the harmonic characteristics. Finally, a series of elliptically polarized(ε～ 0.1–0.3) attosecond X-ray pulses with durations from 18 as to 25 as can be directly produced through Fourier transformation of the spectral continuum.