State of the Art and Emerging Trends in Operations and Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facilities:Some Experiences and Observations

Plant maintenance has been a discipline that has gradually evolved with the industrial revolution. For quite some time, it has been a ＂necessary evil＂ in production, manufacturing, and process settings. The changing business needs and industrial conditions have had various impacts on the maintenance process, particularly over the last few years. While some industries have inherent difficulties seeing what maintenance is all about, others have begun to add more flavor to the organizational maintenance practices. This article brings an overview of developments within the offshore oil and gas production sector.

A Comparative Study of Managing a Project Using Traditional Management Techniques and a Critical Chain Project Management Methodology in Aircraft Maintenance Field

Aircraft on ground or down-time for its maintenance is a clear loss in revenue for an airline operation. With never ending competition and growing operating costs of aircraft, airlines continuously need to explore opportunities to reduce the aircraft down-time in order to remain sustainable. Due to round the clock operation feature of scheduled airlines, aircraft maintenance operations are generally carried out using traditional management methodologies instead of considering it as a project. Though aircraft heavy maintenance checks consist of several major tasks that can last from few weeks to a year, the maintenance organisations do not adopt modern project management methodologies. Therefore, this paper models a heavy maintenance check of an Airbus aircraft as a typical project and adopts contemporary project management methodology to explore the possibility of reducing the downtime. To this end, a case study has been done at an aircraft maintenance company to analyse the potential of this project management method in aircraft maintenance industry.

Moderate scale and realization potential of new citrus-planting business entities in hilly and mountainous areas in China

The natural and economic conditions of agricultural resources vary greatly in China,especially in hilly and mountainous areas.The phenomenon of land fragmentation has become increasingly prominent,so that large-scale operations cannot be fully achieved in a short period of time,and the centralized and continuous scale of operations cannot be realized in China.In addition,with increasingly strict farmland protection and agricultural land use control systems,the issues of nongrain production and nonagricultural cultivated land use have become increasingly restricted.Thus,it is quite necessary to determine the appropriate scale of operations and the means to achieve moderately scaled operations for the new business entities.On the basis of microsurvey data for 108 new citrus-planting business entities in the modern agricultural park in the Chongqing's Jiangjin District,an area with long citrus-planting history,we measured the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities to maximize profit using a translog growth model.According to the projection pursuit model,we evaluated the suitability conditions of citrus planting in garden land,woodland,grassland,and general cultivated land in the study area.We then explored the potential for new moderate-scale business entities within different farming radii.The results showed that large-scale planting conditions of citrus in garden land,forest land,grassland,and general cultivated land in the study area were suitable,and the proportion of high-suitable and mediumsuitable land was 73.42%.Under the existing social and economic conditions,the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities in the study area was 1.8–2.7 hm^(2).In particular,its rankings from large to small were agricultural enterprises(17.19–25.78 hm^(2)),farmer cooperatives(16.88–25.33 hm^(2)),big growers and breeders(6.39–9.59 hm^(2)),and family farms(5.02–7.53 hm^(2)).In the sample of 108 households,only 47.22%of the entities achieved moderate-scale operation,of which 25%of the entities achieved a scale greater than moderate operation.However,52.78%of the entities achieved a scale of less than moderate operation.These entities would have to transfer the surrounding adjacent garden land,forest land,grassland,or general cultivated land to achieve largescale land management.The land area of the adjacent gardens in a 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand of the vast majority of new business entities.For the vast majority of new business entities,the land area of the adjacent woodland,grassland,and general cultivated land could supplement the garden land to achieve moderate-scale operation in a 500 m farming radius.If the land area with moderate suitability and high suitability is prioritized,the land area in the adjacent gardens in the 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand for the vast majority of new business entities.Within the 500 m farming radius,the vast majority of new business entities have achieved moderate-scale operations if the land area adjacent to forest land,grassland,and general arable land was supplemented by gardens;however,a few entities could not achieve moderate-scale operations.From the village perspective,gardens were prioritized.Sixteen villages had planting areas and planting suitability that exceeded the average level of the study area,accounting for 23.53%.If combined with the reserve potential of the garden land,eight villages could improve their potential,accounting for 11.76%.Therefore,the conditions of large-scale citrus planting in the study area should be further improved,and the scale expansion of new citrus-planting business entities should receive additional scientific guidance.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

Planning for the Solid Waste Management of Central Park in New Capital Development of Afghanistan

Kabul New City is a new capital development and a modern city development of Afghanistan covering total area of 740 km2. In 2009 Afghan cabinet approved developing New Capital to fulfill the requirement of growing population. For sustainable development, it has been planned to have a green belt and central park about 1298 hectares within the city. It is having positive impact on human health along with the economic, social and environmental benefits. Hence, for sustaining the urban parks, their proper maintenance is a foremost problem. The solid waste management is duly considered in planning stage of development, otherwise, it would encounter major challenges during operation and maintenance of Park. The projected waste generation in KNC park area is required to be assessed, therefore, surveys of Bagh-e-Babur in existing Kabul are carried out for the visitors’ projection and solid waste generation. The highest visitors and waste were estimated in declining order of summer, spring, fall, and winter. Kabul New City Central Park results speculate that the total visitors’ projection is going to be 6,745,313 per year generating about 337 metric tons wastes/year (0.05 kg/visitor/day). 10 Vehicles of capacity 8 m3 are required to collect waste from central park towards the Transfer Station while 4 vehicles of 23 m3 are required for collection of waste from TS to Landfill. Moreover, 700 containers of 240 liters are required in the park. Furthermore, different sites were indicated in map for composting area where after the development it would be considered.

基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法

在建筑行业转型升级的背景下,针对大型建筑运维过程管理效率低、各类运维事件决策分析精度不足、智能化程度有待提高等问题,提出基于数字孪生的智能运维理论体系与实现方法。总结归纳大型建筑智能运维需要采集的信息,分析智能运维亟待解决的问题,融合智能感知与数字孪生技术,给出智能运维运行机理,建立针对大型建筑的智能运维架构体系与多维多尺度的孪生模型。研究建筑智能运维的实现方法,其中包含智能运维全要素信息的采集与传输、智能运维孪生体的构建与运行、智能运维孪生数据的管理机制及智能运维平台的架构。在智能运维理论体系和实现方法的指导下,搭建了智能运维平台,并应用于某大型建筑工程的运维管理。考虑运维管理过程中的虚实交互与时空演化,初步验证了数字孪生在提高运维管理智能化程度方面的有效性。

基于“一中心四平台”的公立医院后勤运营管理实践研究

目的探讨基于“一中心四平台”的医院后勤运营管理模式成效。方法以医院智慧管理分级评估标准为依据,依托大数据、物联网、互联网+、人工智能等技术运用,打造后勤智慧运维管理中心以及设备管控信息化平台、安全防范信息化平台、能耗监测信息化平台、运营管理信息化平台的“一中心四平台”运营管理模式。结果经过样本医院的管理实践证明:基于“智慧联动”的设备故障处置能力得到显著提升,2022年故障报警次数同比2021年下降28.63%,其中高级、普通报警次数同比2021年分别下降69.53%、33.15%;基于“一站式”的后勤服务保障能力得到显著提升,2022年同比2021年维修次数下降2.92%,维修质量有所提高,反复维修频次降低;基于“数据挖掘”的能耗管控能力得到显著提升,2022年万元收入能耗支出同比2021年下降8.71%。结论“一中心四平台”可以显著提高后勤运维管理水平。

基于BIM和语义网的轨道智能运维管理方法

建筑信息模型(BIM)技术对提高轨道运维管理效率具有重要的推进作用。然而,不同的检查和维护活动产生的数据异构性高、时空关系复杂,阻碍了BIM解释和整合数据的进程。为此,开发了一个基于工业基础类(IFC)和语义Web技术的轨道运维本体(TOMO),其具有3个功能:①基于轨道运维生命周期的应用需求,简化BIM模型信息;②引入映射规则,建立数据提取与转换模块,集成多源异构数据,结构化定义数据之间复杂的时空关系;③结合数据驱动技术,研究轨道精调智能优化的方法,提供弹性决策支持。最后,以某高速铁路静检数据为例,验证了该框架的有效性与实用性,对于促进领域数据互操作性、降低运维人员劳动强度和提高运维管理智能化程度具有实际的工程指导意义。

搭建基于“BIM+物联网”技术的医院后勤安全运维平台的实践与探索

为实现“三位一体”智慧医院的建设目标,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院利用信息化技术手段,搭建基于“BIM+物联网”技术的医院后勤安全运维平台,集成后勤业务系统,完善后勤标准化服务,提升医院后勤服务的效能,实现后勤能源、环境、设备、安防与物资供应可视化,业务流程标准化,数据精准化,探索一院多区智慧后勤管理创新模式,助力医院高质量发展。

网站集群安全与管理模式分析

阐述校园网站的集群管理模式,它实现统一规划建设、灵活发布管理、实时反馈统计和审核机制,探讨网站的运行维护与安全管理的优化措施。

长江水资源调配推演器构建与推演分析

长江水资源调配推演器(CJGWAS)由中国长江三峡集团有限公司、中国水利水电科学研究院联合研发,实现长江流域水库工程“点”、河流及调水工程“线”、地市单元“面”、流域综合“体”的“点—线—面—体”一体化水资源科学模拟与开发利用分析。推演器融合水文模型、配置模型、水库调配模型、需水预测等算法,可对长江流域历史、现状进行复盘,并对未来状况进行推演。研究成果可为长江流域水网规划、重大引调水工程评估、断面生态流量及发电冲击预判等提供支撑。

基于遗传算法优化LightGBM算法的医院微服务平台安全运维管理系统的流量智能化检测

为提升医院微服务平台下运维管理系统的数据检测效率,提出一种新的数据检测算法。该算法以平台数据的多元特征为基础,构建运维管理系统的整体框架。通过结合遗传算法的参数寻优能力和LightGBM算法的快速检测能力,实现对运维管理系统的流量数据的有效检测。为了验证模型的有效性,增加了对照实验。实验结果表明本方法在流量智能化检测中表现最优,其准确率(0.9810)、查全率(0.68)以及F1值(0.77)均优于传统方法。

小水电集约化运维管理三方演化博弈研究

“双碳”背景下,为推进小水电集约化运维管理,保证其高质量发展。基于演化博弈理论,构建小水电业主、政府与运维服务企业之间的三方博弈模型,并运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真分析,以探究小水电集约化运维管理三方策略选择的演化路径。结果表明:初始策略的变化对博弈三方演化收敛速度有显著影响;在一定条件下,博弈系统将演化稳定于较理想的均衡状态(1,0,1);运维成本效益、政府奖惩力度、运维平台智慧度和方案收费系数是影响小水电实现集约化运维管理的主要因素。研究结论可为小水电业主参与集约化运维管理和政府制定相关政策提供一定的理论指导。

轨道交通列车新一代健康管理系统架构研究

科学维护运营车辆、保障列车运行安全一直以来都是轨道交通领域的核心问题。近年来,随着列车预测性维修和无人驾驶等重大需求的提出,迫切需要实现全息状态感知、精细诊断预测、及时反馈处置的列车健康管理功能。现有系统架构存在着感知低效、融合深度不足、模型优化动态差、计算协同弱、自主化决策水平低等问题,先进的物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术的发展,推动了列车健康管理系统架构向更高水平智能化演进。文章对列车健康管理系统技术发展阶段进行了梳理划分,在此基础上提出了基于泛在感知与协同计算的轨道交通列车健康管理系统4.0架构,详细阐述了其内涵概念、系统架构和关键技术,归纳出泛在感知、协同计算与健康管理深度融合的解决途径、技术手段和预期效果,明确了现阶段技术攻关的主要方向,进而支撑列车安全保障和运维品质的提升。

医用气体工程智慧化运维应用

医用气体系统作为医院支持系统的核心之一,直接关系到医疗安全和医院的安全[1-2]。以预防为主、实时反馈及事后追踪三位一体管理为目标,建立了医用气体系统云管控平台;采用“1+1>2”人、机结合的管理方式,将运行控制与辅助决策相结合,研发了医用气体一体化运行维护监测系统,以实现对医院医用气体方面一体化数据的中央控制及实时监测包含液氧站、医用制氧机房、医用负压机房、医用空气机房及医用气体管网点位监测等设备的运行使用情况、设备维护信息、数据采集、压力实时报警、报表汇总、医用气体计量监测数据的一体化管理、统计、全成本分析及核算等功能。

三峡电站检修计划安排平台数字化建设与优化研究

三峡电站34台机组,总装机22500 MW,是国家电网“西电东送、南北互通”的电网骨干电源,在保障电网安全稳定运行中发挥重要作用。三峡电站年度检修工作,因设备多、机组型号多、电站设备技术改造诉求的多样性,导致年度检修策划、执行、调整过程十分复杂且不确定性高,存在人工工作量大等问题。三峡电站检修计划安排平台依托SpringBoot微服务架构,设计开发了三峡电站运行调度与最优检修方式安排系统,提供了面向电厂决策层、管理层、执行层和运营人员分级操作服务框架,实现了三峡电厂设备年度检修作业策划、执行、反馈、修正的全方位数字化管控。同时针对不同情况下的检修要求,基于检修过程安全性和稳定性,提出了多种检修计划方案并进行优化分析。目前该平台有效服务于三峡电站常规性的检修调度工作。

基于Android智能终端的地震现场应急指挥技术系统运维信息管理平台

地震现场应急指挥技术系统在震后救援行动中发挥着重要的通信和指挥枢纽作用,为了提升现场技术系统的运维质量,并解决目前运维时上报信息分散且不易查询的问题,本文基于C/S架构设计了1套运维信息管理平台,客户端采用手机、平板电脑等智能终端,基于Android SDK进行应用程序开发,采用轻量级文本格式JSON与服务器端进行数据交互。客户端用户登录平台后,可上报文字和图片信息,也可根据上报时间、内容、位置等关键字查询历史信息,实现了信息的汇总和共享;平台还设计了故障排查辅助、设备操作说明、演练信息发布等实用功能,数据汇集在服务器端,便于管理和考核。本系统已在山东省地震局部署应用,有效提升了地震现场工作的效率和水平。

人才培养和学科发展的支撑和保障:西北大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心建设的探索与实践

作为支撑人才培养和学科发展的重要基地,西北大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心通过构建起三层次的实验课程体系,配合以四阶段的实践教学环节,有效提升了学生的科研能力和创新思维;并且中心的大型科学仪器平台为化学及相关学科的研究提供先进的技术支持,加速了科研成果的产出,促进了学术交流与合作。同时,中心强化了实验室安全管理,为师生提供了可靠的研究与学习空间;此外,中心积极开展科普活动和对外交流,提升了公众的科学素养,展现了化学学科的社会价值。面向未来,中心将继续优化教学模式,提升科研服务水平,为培养高素质化学人才和推动化学学科的发展做出更大的贡献。

面向6G的数字孪生网络综述:架构、应用和挑战

数字孪生网络(digital twin network,DTN)是一种利用数字孪生(digital twin,DT)技术创建物理网络设施的孪生虚拟数字网络。通过DT技术,DTN将从多个方面提升6G网络的能力,包括智能故障管理、智能网络优化和管理、网络智慧内生,助力实现极简化、智能化和自动化的网络。通过对DTN进行全面研究,描述了DTN的主要特征和定义,阐述了DTN的架构、协议及接口和生命周期管理,并阐述其在模型管理与部署、资源管理与调度、安全与隐私保护、智能网络运维和智能交通这几个方面的应用,分析了DTN的挑战与未来。

基于医院运营数据中心的医疗人力资源管理平台建设实践

作为公立医院运营管理的重要组成部分,人力资源精细化管理不仅可以提高员工的综合素质和竞争力,也能提高医院整体运营效率和服务质量。从医疗资源中心的建设出发,围绕医疗人员业务、岗位人员配置、科室结构优化、专业结构优化等核心业务,介绍医疗人力资源平台的整体定位与指标分析设计,并对系统核心功能如模型管理、考核计划管理、评价结果管理等进行阐述,最终从系统层面展示应用实践。整体项目以数据做支撑,推进学科持续发展、人员利用合理、业务高效运转,推动医院高质量发展和数字化转型。