China's Major Minerals in 2016 Are Identified,With Overal Resource Reserves Continuing to Grow

On August 22,the reporter learned from MLR’s Press Conference for Identified Reserves of Mineral Resources of China in2016 that,China’s investment in mining fixed assets and geological exploration had declined for four consecutive years by 2016,and resource reserves growth rate had slowed down due to other reasons such as downturn

Chinese Geological Prospecting Gets Good Harvest, and Mineral Resources and Reserves Increase Gratifying in 2012

On March 27, 2013, the Ministry of Land and Resources held a news conference to announce a significant achievement in Chinese geological prospecting work in 2012. According to government/industry statistics, proved reserves of oil and natural gas have increase substantially in 2012. Newly proven national petroleum geological reserves are 15.2 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 13%, which is the tenth time of more than 1 billion tons since the founding of People＇s Republic of China; newly proven technically recoverable reserves are 270 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 7%. The 2012 national newly proved reserves from natural gas exploration are 961.22 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 33%, which is the highest level in our history; the new proven technically recoverable reserves are 500.8 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 36%. National natural gas production was 106.76 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 5.4%. The Ordos, Tarim and Sichuan basins are still the main producing areas of natural gas in China. In 2012, national oil production was 205 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 1%, which made a steady increase. The national coal-bed methane production was 2.57 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 24%.

Reserves of Nonferrous Metal Resources in China

1.The Status of Major Mineral Reserves in ChinaSince 1949 162 kinds of minerals and thousands of mining area have been found out in geo-logical exploration,and 149 kinds have been proved reserves.Estimated potential cost of 45 kindsonly of major minerals may be more than one billion RMB(?).China is the one of the great-nations of mineral resources in the world.But the distribution in respect of mineral species is not so ideal as expected.According to theirreserves the minerals can be classified as follows.

Resource management with borrowing from reservation for cognitive networks

Resource reservation is an effective measure to ensure end-to-end quality of service （QoS）, however, the burstyness of the traffic makes the reservation idle some time, and forms a waste of re- sources. Based on the analysis of active queue management （AQM） of DiffServ network, we propose a resource management scheme, which allows borrowing resources from unused reservation, accord- ing to the characteristics and advantages of cognitive networks. First, some nodes reserve certain proportion capacity for some special services （for instance, some services pay additional money） to guarantee the priority of these applications. Then resources are assigned according to the different parameters of services. If the available resource can not meet the requirements of new services, real- time ones are admitted with higher priority and allow borrowing the unused reservation from other nodes appropriately. Simulations show that, the proposed scheme has good performance at network resource utilization, the admission rate of new aDolications and OoS of users.

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN IP BACKBONE NETWORK

This paper discusses traffic engineering with multi protocol label switching (MPLS) in a backbone of Internet data center (IDC) network. The traditional SPF routing limitations are analyzed and the traffic engineering concept is given. MPLS, resource reservation protocol (RSVP) and enhanced link status Protocols intermediate system to intermediate system (IS IS) are reviewed to provide a background for traffic engineering, the general issues of designing an MPLS system of IDC network for traffic engineering are then discussed. Finally a practical example with MPLS traffic engineering is shown.

A Light weight Mobile RSVP for Unicast

This paper presents a lighter protocol, and it removes the multicast burdens from RSVP to adapt to unicast applications. At the same time, when RSVP is used in wireless networks, some issues about mobility raise popular concerns. The proposed protocol a lightweight mobile RSVP protocol, solves the problems by the following mechanisms： changeless flow identifier, a new state management and ＂refresh＂ mechanism.

Transmission Considerations with QoS Support to Deliver Real-Time Distributed Speech Recognition Applications

Distributed speech recognition (DSR) applications have certain QoS (Quality of service) requirements in terms of latency, packet loss rate, etc. To deliver quality guaranteed DSR application over wirelined or wireless links, some QoS mechanisms should be provided. We put forward a RTP/RSVP transmission scheme with DSR-specific payload and QoS parameters by modifying the present WAP protocol stack. The simulation result shows that this scheme will provide adequate network bandwidth to keep the real-time transport of DSR data over either wirelined or wireless channels.

A Distributed and Adaptive Framework for Provisioning QoS in IPv6 Networks

A distributed and adaptive framework (DAF) was proposed for provisioning quality of service (QoS) in IPv6 network. In DAF, per-flow admission control and resource reservation, in conjunction with a new IPv6 flow label mechanism, can be performed instantaneously in a fully distributed and independent fashion at the edge of network without hop-by-hop signaling. The flow label helps in resource reservation and packets forwarding for aggregated traffic on an edge-to-edge path basis. In addition, a bounded directional probing technique for DAF was designed to reconfigure resource reservation adaptively between every pair of edge router for aggregated traffic according to the fluctuation of its traffic load. The simulation results show that DAF provides QoS guarantees to individual flows with minimal overhead, as well as keeping the scalability characteristic like DiffServ.

Reservation-based dynamic admission control scheme for wideband code division multiple access systems

Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.

A scalable admission control scheme based on time label

Resource reservation protocols allow communicating hosts to reserve resources such as bandwidth to offer guaranteed service. However, current resource reservation architectures do not scale well for a large number of flows. In this paper, we present a simple reservation protocol and a scalable admission control algorithm, which can provide QoS guarantees to individual flows without per-flow management in the network core. By mapping each flow to a definite time, this scheme addresses the problems that limit the effectiveness of current endpoint admission control schemes. The overall admission control process is described. Analysis is used to explain the reasonability of our scheme and simulation validates its performance.

Enhanced solutions for resource conflict in GMPLS controlled optical network

This article discusses the issue of resource conflict in the generalized multi-protocol label switching （GMPLS） controlled optical network. Based on the analysis of the current random rebuilding mechanism and its drawbacks, this article presents two enhanced solutions for improvement, namely, the priority-based resource allocation mechanism and the network management system （NMS） based sequential resource allocation mechanism. Experimental results show that the presented mechanisms perform better than the original random rebuilding solution in terms of the connection setup/recovery time and successful rate.

Resources allocation in an Intserv/Diffserv integrated EPON system

As one of the most promising next-generation access network （EPON） should pay more attention to its quality of service （QoS）, techniques, the user-oriented Ethernet passive optical network However, now the EPON adopts mostly differentiated services model （Diffserv） that only provides quality control on traffic aggregation, whereas, the quality of user session cannot be guaranteed when the network is overloaded with substantial connections. This article proposes to apply integrated services model （Intserv） in Diffserv-based EPON, which uses per-flow processing to guarantee QoS. In the simulation, a framework of combined Diffserv and Intserv model is employed in an EPON system, with a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm that adapts to it. The simulation results demonstrate that the EPON system with the combined models can provide more flexible, various control for user-oriented service quality.

Liangshan Rare Earth Resources Reserve Ranks Second Nationwide

As early as on February 7,2014,the National Development and Reform Commission reviewed and formally approved to set up Panxi Strategic Resource Innovation Development Pilot Zone.Since its rare earth resource reserve ranked second nationwide,a number of counties and districts in Liangshan Prefecture are incorporated into the Pilot Zone,and become core components of this Pilot Zone.

Multisite co-allocation scheduling algorithms for parallel jobs in computing grid environments

Cooperation of multi-domain massively parallel processor systems in computing grid environment provides new opportunities for multisite job scheduling. At the same time, in the area of co-allocation, heterogeneity, network adaptability and scalability raise the challenge for the international design of multisite job scheduling models and algorithms. It presents multisite job scheduling schema through the introduction of multisite job scheduling model and the performance model under the grid environment. It introduces two job multisite and cooperative scheduling models and algorithms with the core of the optimal and greedy-heuristic resource selection strategies. Meanwhile, compared with single and multisite cooperative scheduling models and algorithms introduced by Sabin, Yahyapour and other persons, the validity and advance of the scheduling model and the performance model herein are proved.

Combined Cloud： A Mixture of Voluntary Cloud and Reserved Instance Marketplace

Voluntary cloud is a new paradigm of cloud computing. It provides an alternative selection along with some well-provisioned clouds. However, for the uncertain time span that participants share their computing resources in voluntary cloud, there are some challenging issues, i.e., fluctuation, under-capacity and low-benefit. In this paper, an architecture is first proposed based on Bittorrent protocol. In this architecture, resources could be reserved or requested from Reserved Instance Marketplace and could be accessed with a lower price in a short circle. Actually, these resources could replenish the inadequate resource pool and relieve the fluctuation and under-capacity issue in voluntary cloud. Then, the fault rate of each node is used to evaluate the uncertainty of its sharing time. By leveraging a linear prediction model, it is enabled by a distribution function which is used for evaluating the computing capacity of the system. Moreover, the cost optimization problem is investigated and a computational method is presented to solve the low-benefit issue in voluntary cloud. At last, the system performance is validated by two sets of simulations. And the experimental results show the effectiveness of our computational method for resource reservation optimization.

An End-to-End QoS Control Model for Enhanced Internet

This paper describes an end-to-end QoS (Quality of Services) control model for distributed multimedia computing on enhanced Internet, and gives the design and implementation of this model including hosts and routers. The architec- ture, the mathematical definition about QoS parameters, and the mapping between Integrated Service (IS) and Differentiated Service (DS) are discussed in this paper. The simulation shows that this model can improve the performance of audio streams when it is used in IPhone system.