Optimization of RDF link traversal based query execution

Aiming at the problem that only some types of SPARQL （ simple protocal and resource description framework query language） queries can be answered by using the current resource description framework link traversal based query execution （RDF-LTE） approach, this paper discusses how the execution order of the triple pattern affects the query results and cost based on concrete SPARQL queries, and analyzes two properties of the web of linked data, missing backward links and missing contingency solution. Then three heuristic principles for logic query plan optimization, namely, the filtered basic graph pattern （FBGP） principle, the triple pattern chain principle and the seed URIs principle, are proposed. The three principles contribute to decrease the intermediate solutions and increase the types of queries that can be answered. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated. The experimental results show that more query results can be returned with less cost, thus enabling users to develop the full potential of the web of linked data.

Resource Utilization Pattern and Development in Hills——A Case for the Pindar Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Agrarian system is well adapted in Himalayan eco-system. Hence, the people have adopted the traditional subsistence cereal farming and it becomes the main stay of Himalayan people. About 80 percent of the workable force is attached with agriculture and its allied practices, according to the census of 1991. Although, horticultural farming runs parallel with agriculture, its proportion in terms of land is quite less, resulted in a negligible place in the economy of the region. Human resources, mainly men are attached with national security after recruitment in Army. While, women play a vital and integrated role in maintaining the workable potential in the field of agriculture and are known as backbone of economy. An animal resource implies foremost and wider part in agricultural system and economy as well. Water resources are unutilized yet, while almost all the major rivers of our country are originated from and flowing through this region. Increasing population causes forest resources depletion. The economy of the region is rested either on 憈raditional cereal farming?or 憁oney order based?development, which could not take place due to its remoteness from the main streams of the country. The impact of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system remains impracticable due to unwillingness of people in one hand and on the other hand, adverse geographical conditions like topography, climate etc. which could not permit the uses of modern innovation in the field of agriculture. As for infra-structurally,this region is lacked behind, due to its inaccessibility. While, this region is bestowed with numerous rivers, many places for tourists and pilgrims, and huge forest resources. They might be used evenly in the development processes. The practice of tourism will help for the further development, particularly, in the wake of the newly born state, Uttaranchal. The present paper aims to evaluate the present potentiality of resources and their balanced utilization in the Pindar Basin. A precise study has been done on resource utilization, ecology and environment with keeping view in mind that more or less exploitation of resources could not influence the environment and the economy of the region.

From institutional merger integration to institutional strategic transformation:A case study of the strategic management paradigm at Shanghai Library

This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.

Performance evaluation of a WDM/OCDM based hybrid optical switch utilizing efficient resource allocation

A hybrid optical switch （HOS） with physical layer of wavelength division multiplexing and optical code division multiplexing （WDM/OCDM） scheme is proposed. An additional feature to the HOS than optical cross connect （OXC） is that the controller can process requests for both circuit establishment and burst scheduling. In our study, the measurement criteria of HOS are the blocking probability, probability of error, and probability of outage. To simplify the analysis, no distinction is made between a circuit in progress and a burst in progress. Moreover, a minimum fit （MinF） resource allocation strategy is applied in order to increase the bandwidth efficiency and control the multiplexing interference of the OCDM. A 2D Markov model for the HOS is presented using the MinF strategy. Numerical results reveal that the code parameters and the resource allocation strategy greatly affect the performance. Certain periority can be achieved by assigning shorter codes to high periority users and longer codes to low periority users. Also, the probability of error and outage are reduced bv aonling the MinF strategy.

Natural Resource Regulation on Regional Economic Development in China: Concepts, Framework and Practices

The current economic development model in China is highly dependent on natural resource consumption, and this has resulted in severe economic and social problems. Changes in natural resource restrictions are challenging the future sustainable development of the regional economy. Here, we propose a new concept called Natural Resource Regulation on Regional Economic Development （NRR）. NRR is an application of government regulation to natural resources, aimed at regulating and controlling regional development. It is a set of constraints on the exploration, exploitation, utilization, operation and protection of natural resources carried out by government. This concept focuses on two aspects： the management of natural resources, and using natural resources as a tool to regulate and control the regional economy and social development. NRR mainly consists of four layers： regulation by law （RL）, regulation by plans （RP）, regulation by standards （RS） and concrete regulation by control indicators （RI）. In addition, social participation and supervision, monitoring and evaluation, rewards and punishments are also indispensable for the framework of NRR. According to the types of resources, practical regulation of land, water, energy and environment are stricter than that of marine, mineral and forest in China. The systems of RL, RP and RS in China are basically established and have achieved considerable results, while concrete RI is still fragmented.

The role of male contest competition over mates in speciation

Research on the role of sexual selection in the speciation process largely focuses on the diversifying role of mate choice. In particular, much attention has been drawn to the fact that population divergence in mate choice and in the male traits subject to choice directly can lead to assortative mating. However, male contest competition over mates also constitutes an important mechanism of sexual selection. We review recent empirical studies and argue that sexual selection through male contest competition can affect speciation in ways other than mate choice. For example, biases in aggression towards similar competitors can lead to disruptive and negative frequency-dependent selection on the traits used in contest competition in a similar way as competition for other types of limited resources. Moreover, male contest abilities often trade-off against other abilities such as parasite resistance, protection against predators and general stress tolerance. Populations experiencing different ecological condi- tions should therefore quickly diverge non-randomly in a number of traits including male contest abilities. In resource based breeding systems, a feedback loop between competitive ability and habitat use may lead to further population divergence. We discuss how population divergence in traits used in male contest competition can lead to the build up of reproductive isolation through a number of different pathways. Our main conclusion is that the role of male contest competition in speciation remains largely scientifically unexplored [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 493-509, 2012].

A systematic study on the role of SentiWordNet in opinion mining

Sentiment lexicons(SL)(aka lexical resources)are the repositories of one or several dictionaries that consist of known and precompiled sentiment terms.These lexicons play an important role in performing several different opinion mining tasks.The efficacy of the lexicon-based approaches in performing opinion mining(OM)tasks solely depends on selecting an appropriate opinion lexicon to analyze the text.Therefore,one has to explore the available sentiment lexicons and then select the most suitable resource.Among available resources,SentiWordNet(SWN)is the most widely used lexicon to perform tasks related to opinion mining.In SWN,each synset of WordNet is being assigned the three sentiment numerical scores;positive,negative and objective that are calculated using by a set of classifiers.In this paper,a detailed and comprehensive review of the work related to opinion mining using Senti-WordNet is provided in a very distinctive way.This survey will be useful for the researchers contributing to the field of opinion mining.Following features make our contribution worthwhile and unique among the reviews of similar kind:(i)our review classifies the existing literature with respect to opinion mining tasks and subtasks(ii)it covers a very different outlook of the opinion mining field by providing in-depth discussions of the existing works at different granularity levels(word,sentences,document,aspect,clause,and concept levels)(iii)this state-ofart review covers each article in the following dimensions:the designated task performed,granularity level of the task completed,results obtained,and feature dimensions,and(iv)lastly it concludes the summary of the related articles according to the granularity levels,publishing years,related tasks(or subtasks),and types of classifiers used.In the end,major challenges and tasks related to lexicon-based approaches towards opinion mining are also discussed.