The Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest solar energy resources in the world.In the process of achieving carbon neutrality in China,the development and utilization of solar energy resources in the regi...The Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest solar energy resources in the world.In the process of achieving carbon neutrality in China,the development and utilization of solar energy resources in the region will play an important role.In this study,the gridded solar resource data with 1km resolution in Tibet were obtained by spatial correction and downscaling of SMARTS model.On this basis,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of solar energy resources in the region in the past 30 years(1991–2020)are finely evaluated,and the annual global horizontal radiation resource is calculated.The results show that:1)The average annual global horizontal radiation amount in Tibet is 1816 kWh/m^(2).More than 60%of the area belongs to the“Most abundant”(GHI≥1750 kWh/m^(2))area of China’s solar energy resources category A,and nearly 40%belongs to the“Quite abundant”(1400≤GHI<1750)area of China’s solar energy resource category B.2)In space,the solar energy resources in Tibet increased gradually from north to south and from east to west.Lhasa,Central and Eastern Shigatse,Shannan,and Southwestern Ali are the most abundant cities,with a maximum annual radiation level of 2189 kWh/m2.3)In terms of time,the total horizontal radiation in Tibet was the highest in May and the lowest in December.74%of the total area belongs to the“Very stable”(R_(w)≥0.47)area of solar resource stability category A,and 26%belongs to the“stable”(0.36≤R_(w)<0.47)area of solar resource stability category B.Solar energy resources in the region show the characteristics of both strong and stable.Average solar energy resources in the region have shown a fluctuating downward trend over the past 30 years,with an average decline of about 12.86(kWh/m2)per decade.4)In terms of solar radiation resources reaching the earth’s surface,the theoretical total amount of annual horizontal radiation in Tibet is about 240.07 billion tons of standard coal or 222.91 billion kilowatts on average.展开更多
With a focus on the difficulty of quantitatively describing the degree of nonuniformity of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources, quantitative research was carried out on the temporal and spatial distr...With a focus on the difficulty of quantitatively describing the degree of nonuniformity of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources, quantitative research was carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province from 1956 to 2000 based on a cloud model. The spatial variation of the temporal distribution characteristics and the temporal variation of the spatial distribution characteristics were both analyzed. In addition, the relationships between the numerical characteristics of the cloud model of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation were also studied. The results show that, using a cloud model, it is possible to intuitively describe the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in cloud images. Water resources in Guangdong Province and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics are differentiated by their geographic locations. Downstream and coastal areas have a larger amount of water resources with greater uniformity and stronger stability in terms of temporal distribution. Regions with more precipitation possess larger amounts of water resources, and years with more precipitation show greater nonuniformity in the spatial distribution of water resources. The correlation between the nonuniformity of the temporal distribution and local precipitation is small, and no correlation is found between the stability of the nonuniformity of the temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation. The amount of water resources in Guangdong Province shows an increasing trend from 1956 to 2000, the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources declines, and the stability of the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources is enhanced.展开更多
The quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to share a secret key by typically making use of a one-way quantum channel. Howevery the two-way QKD has its own unique advantages, which means the two-way QKD h...The quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to share a secret key by typically making use of a one-way quantum channel. Howevery the two-way QKD has its own unique advantages, which means the two-way QKD has become a focus recently. To improve the practieM performance of the two-way QKD, we present a security analysis of a two-way QKD protocol based on the decoy method with heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs). We make use of two approaches to calculate the yield and the quantum bit error rate of single-photon and two-photon pulses. Then we present the secret key generation rate based on the GLLP formula. The numerical simulation shows that the protocol with HSPSs has an advantage in the secure distance compared with weak coherent state sources. In addition, we present the final secret key by considering the statistical fluctuation of the yield generation rate of the LM05 protocol with finite resources and the error rate.展开更多
Face-to-face interviews(n=860) were conducted to determine cash-gift behavior, cognition and complexity of social relations, and family water consumption for agricultural production in a typical oasis area in Northwes...Face-to-face interviews(n=860) were conducted to determine cash-gift behavior, cognition and complexity of social relations, and family water consumption for agricultural production in a typical oasis area in Northwest China. The survey results revealed cash gifts to be the second-largest expenditure(1,330 Yuan) for rural households, far beyond the average spending on health(854.1 Yuan) or education(890.8 Yuan). The amount of cash-gift expenditures indirectly reflects a family's social relations level, and our developed Social Relations Extent Coefficient—based on cash-gift and food expenditures—can directly reflect the extent or level of these relationships. Different types of farmers or farming families have different coefficients. The coefficient also shows how social station affects a family's water resource utilization, and how water is distributed among different types of farmers. Despite the current inequities, however, promotion of better agricultural techniques and large-scale cultivation in this area could help distribute water resources more equitably and effectively.展开更多
The overlapping generation models the western scholars have designed from various perspectives to address different kinds of issues do not reflect Chinese emerging political and economic problems, and cannot be entire...The overlapping generation models the western scholars have designed from various perspectives to address different kinds of issues do not reflect Chinese emerging political and economic problems, and cannot be entirely and blindly applied to Chinese practical situation. In this paper the authors endeavor to incorporate some western scholars' research results into their own research findings to present overlapping generations model theory in a new perspective through establishing an overlapping generations theory on population including articulation of concepts and theorems of biological generation, economic generation and social generation and the overlapping periods in biological generation and two overlapping periods in economic generation among three generations. This management model with equilibrium distribution of resource wealth includes overlapping generations length model (6), equilibrium transfer model (θ) and a complete model on equilibrium distribution among generations (δ-θ). The model展开更多
From the perspective of tourism resources elements,we use abundance and geographic concentration methods to analyze the spatial distribution differences in the resources of 149 rural leisure tourist destinations in Li...From the perspective of tourism resources elements,we use abundance and geographic concentration methods to analyze the spatial distribution differences in the resources of 149 rural leisure tourist destinations in Liaoning Province. The results show that most of Liaoning's rural leisure tourist destination resources are mainly concentrated in the central,southern and eastern regions of Liaoning Province; in the main category of rural leisure tourism resources,water scenery,geological landform and mountain ecosystem concentrate,while agricultural resources and rural scenic view present balanced distribution; rural leisure tourism resources are highly concentrated in Shenyang,Dalian,Anshan,Benxi,Liaoyang and Dandong.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources in the northern South China Sea and to provide reference for scientific evaluation and effective protection of fishery res...[Objective] The paper was to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources in the northern South China Sea and to provide reference for scientific evaluation and effective protection of fishery resources in the northern South China Sea. [Methods] Based on monitoring data and satellite remote sensing data [including Sea Surface Temperature(SST), Chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a) and Sea Surface Wind(SSW)] in winter(January to February) and summer(August to September) in the northern South China Sea, the relationship between spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources and marine environment was investigated by using Generalized Linear Models(GLM), fishing ground gravity and correlation analysis. [Results] The suitable SST and Chl a of light falling-net fishing ground in winter were 17-23°C and 0.2-0.6 mg/m3, respectively. The suitable SST and Chl a in summer were approximately 28°C and 0.2-1.0 mg/m3. Standardized Catch Per Unit Effort(SCPUE) was higher in summer(2-4) and lower in winter(1-3). From winter to summer, the fishing ground gravity migrated to the east about 1 °E. [Conclusion] The spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources is related to eastern Hainan-western Guangdong upwelling and the coastal flow, caused by the monsoon in the northern South China Sea, and the major catch species of light falling-net.展开更多
The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City w...The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City was studied by using three algorithms (average nearest neighbor algorithm,kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse method).The results show that the medical resources for epidemic prevention in the main urban area of Handan City are all in a state of agglomeration,but due to the different functions of different types of medical resources,their distribution range and distribution direction also show different characteristics.Therefore,the spatial balance of comprehensive medical resources in the main urban area of Handan City needs to be further improved.展开更多
This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility betwee...This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China's mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China's mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China's mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.展开更多
In this paper, we study the problem of resource allocation in small cell networks with distributed caching, that is, how to divide the spectrum resources for backhaul and access in order to improve network performance...In this paper, we study the problem of resource allocation in small cell networks with distributed caching, that is, how to divide the spectrum resources for backhaul and access in order to improve network performance. We formulate our concerned problem by using multi-dimensional Markov model. Our problem considers that each user may access multiple small cell base stations. We conduct simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed resource allocation scheme. Our simulation results show that the appropriate spectrum resource allocation is important to improve network performance.展开更多
Confronted with the requirement of higher efficiency and higher quality of distribution network fault rush-repair, the subject addressed in this paper is the optimal resource dispatching issue of the distribution netw...Confronted with the requirement of higher efficiency and higher quality of distribution network fault rush-repair, the subject addressed in this paper is the optimal resource dispatching issue of the distribution network rush-repair when single resource center cannot meet the emergent resource demands. A multi-resource and multi-center dispatching model is established with the objective of “the shortest repair start-time” and “the least number of the repair centers”. The optimal and worst solutions of each objective are both obtained, and a “proximity degree method” is used to calculate the optimal resource dispatching plan. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of a distribution network fault. The proposed method provides a practical technique for efficiency improvement of fault rush-repair work of distribution network, and thus mostly abbreviates power recovery time and improves the management level of the distribution network.展开更多
The rapid development of cyber technology and the increase of flexible resources have transformed the distribution network into a cyber-physical distribution system,while the accompanying multidimensional uncertaintie...The rapid development of cyber technology and the increase of flexible resources have transformed the distribution network into a cyber-physical distribution system,while the accompanying multidimensional uncertainties have brought new planning challenges.In this paper,an innovative approach is proposed to effectively leverage distributed resources while considering the impact of cyber-physical coupling in distribution network planning.A cyber-physical integrated planning model of the distribution network is proposed,considering the effects of spatial-temporal flexible resources and multi-network coupling.Specifically,a three-layer optimization model is established and analyzed by the simulate anneal-particle swarm optimization algorithm.The upper layer achieves the optimization of the location and configuration of energy storage systems and smart terminal units.The middle layer optimizes the data load migration strategy using spatial-temporal flexible resources to solve the voltage exceeding problem caused by high penetration of distributed power access,while the lower layer optimizes the cyber side communication topology,improving the convergence speed and control performance of the distribution network.Then,the optimization model is analyzed iteratively with objective functions including total planning cost,operation excess loss and distributed control performance.Finally,the effectiveness and economy of the proposed planning scheme is verified and compared to traditional methods.展开更多
Based on the investigation data of 12 Haloxylon ammodendron plots in the south edge of Gurbantunggut Desert, Fuzzy distribution was introduced into the study of Haloxylon ammodendron base diameter structure fitting ac...Based on the investigation data of 12 Haloxylon ammodendron plots in the south edge of Gurbantunggut Desert, Fuzzy distribution was introduced into the study of Haloxylon ammodendron base diameter structure fitting according to the consistency between the characteristics of Fuzzy distribution function and the distribution series of cumulative percentage of stand base diameter, and the fitting precision and effect of Fuzzy distribution function were discussed. The root mean square error RMSE and determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> values showed that Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>3</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> had good fitting performance, among which Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> had relatively high fitting precision, and its parameters were closely related to stand age and density, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub> distribution function was the second, and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> distribution function had the worst fitting effect. By introducing a parameter c from the similarity of four distribution function formulas, a generalized Fuzzy distribution function Fuzzy-Γ<sub>5</sub> is obtained. This function shows the highest fitting accuracy. Most of the values of parameter c are near 1 or 2, which shows that the diameter distribution is mainly approximate to Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>.展开更多
BACKGROUND For compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)patients,the first decompensation represents a dramatically worsening prognostic event.Based on the first decompensation event(DE),the transition to deco...BACKGROUND For compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)patients,the first decompensation represents a dramatically worsening prognostic event.Based on the first decompensation event(DE),the transition to decompensated advanced chronic liver disease(dACLD)can occur through two modalities referred to as acute decompensation(AD)and non-AD(NAD),respectively.Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension(CSPH)is considered the strongest predictor of decompensation in these patients.However,due to its invasiveness and costs,CSPH is almost never evaluated in clinical practice.Therefore,recognizing noninvasively predicting tools still have more appeal across healthcare systems.The red cell distribution width to platelet ratio(RPR)has been reported to be an indicator of hepatic fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease(MASLD).However,its predictive role for the decompensation has never been explored.AIM In this observational study,we investigated the clinical usage of RPR in predicting DEs in MASLD-related cACLD patients.METHODS Fourty controls and 150 MASLD-cACLD patients were consecutively enrolled and followed up(FUP)semiannually for 3 years.At baseline,biochemical,clinical,and Liver Stiffness Measurement(LSM),Child-Pugh(CP),Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD),aspartate aminotransferase/platelet count ratio index(APRI),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),Albumin-Bilirubin(ALBI),ALBI-FIB-4,and RPR were collected.During FUP,DEs(timing and modaities)were recorded.CSPH was assessed at the baseline and on DE occurrence according to the available Clinical Practice Guidelines.RESULTS Of 150 MASLD-related cACLD patients,43(28.6%)progressed to dACLD at a median time of 28.9 months(29 NAD and 14 AD).Baseline RPR values were significantly higher in cACLD in comparison to controls,as well as MELD,CP,APRI,FIB-4,ALBI,ALBI-FIB-4,and LSM in dACLD-progressing compared to cACLD individuals[all P<0.0001,except for FIB-4(P:0.007)and ALBI(P:0.011)].Receiving operator curve analysis revealed RPR>0.472 and>0.894 as the best cut-offs in the prediction respectively of 3-year first DE,as well as its superiority compared to the other non-invasive tools examined.RPR(P:0.02)and the presence of baseline-CSPH(P:0.04)were significantly and independently associated with the DE.Patients presenting baseline-CSPH and RPR>0.472 showed higher risk of decompensation(P:0.0023).CONCLUSION Altogether these findings suggest the RPR as a valid and potentially applicable non-invasive tool in the prediction of timing and modalities of decompensation in MASLD-related cACLD patients.展开更多
The concept of the method resource is introduced to deal with the cooperative application problem of different electro-optical countermeasure equipments. Based on this concept, a new approach is introduced to distribu...The concept of the method resource is introduced to deal with the cooperative application problem of different electro-optical countermeasure equipments. Based on this concept, a new approach is introduced to distribute the jamming resources of electro-optical countermeasures, and it is used to deploy and manage electro-optical countermeasures resources under the restriction conditions of cooperation and incompatibility disposing. The resource management procedure is formalized by Finite State Machine (FSM). By using the cooperative resource operation system on the basis of multi-agent systems, a complex system with three incompatible swarms is constructed and cooperative operation procedures are demonstrated by simulations.展开更多
From the perspective of the geographical distribution, considering production fare, supply chain information and quality rating of the manufacturing resource(MR), a manufacturing resource allocation(MRA) model conside...From the perspective of the geographical distribution, considering production fare, supply chain information and quality rating of the manufacturing resource(MR), a manufacturing resource allocation(MRA) model considering the geographical distribution in cloud manufacturing(CM) environment is built. The model includes two stages, preliminary selection stage and optimal selection stage. The membership function is used to select MRs from cloud resource pool(CRP) in the first stage, and then the candidate resource pool is built. In the optimal selection stage, a multi-objective optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization(PSO) based on the method of relative entropy of fuzzy sets(REFS_PSO), is used to select optimal MRs from the candidate resource pool, and an optimal manufacturing resource supply chain is obtained at last. To verify the performance of REFS_PSO, NSGA-Ⅱ and PSO based on random weighting(RW_PSO) are selected as the comparison algorithms. They all are used to select optimal MRs at the second stage. The experimental results show solution obtained by REFS_PSO is the best. The model and the method proposed are appropriate for MRA in CM.展开更多
This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously a...This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.展开更多
The distribution of resources is the basis of safety management.Based on thesystematic analysis of a resource distribution system affecting the level of safety,the bestdistribution proportion between safety activities...The distribution of resources is the basis of safety management.Based on thesystematic analysis of a resource distribution system affecting the level of safety,the bestdistribution proportion between safety activities and production and best resources distributionproportion among the various links of security activities are presented.Moreover,itis stated that the distribution of resources law needs to be researched deeply in practicalwork to achieve optimization of safety management practice.展开更多
China’s traditional medicine,science,and technology industry has great development potential.However,there is a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development.At the same time,the capabil...China’s traditional medicine,science,and technology industry has great development potential.However,there is a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development.At the same time,the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards.Therefore,it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia.As an institution for cultivating talents,colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents.Based on the requirements put forward by China in education,this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major,determines the talent training goals,starts from the practical teaching aspect,and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system,summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system,and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of the Science and Technology Department of Tibet under Grant Number XZ202101ZD0015Gthe Second Tibet Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)under Grant Number 2019QZKK0804.
文摘The Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest solar energy resources in the world.In the process of achieving carbon neutrality in China,the development and utilization of solar energy resources in the region will play an important role.In this study,the gridded solar resource data with 1km resolution in Tibet were obtained by spatial correction and downscaling of SMARTS model.On this basis,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of solar energy resources in the region in the past 30 years(1991–2020)are finely evaluated,and the annual global horizontal radiation resource is calculated.The results show that:1)The average annual global horizontal radiation amount in Tibet is 1816 kWh/m^(2).More than 60%of the area belongs to the“Most abundant”(GHI≥1750 kWh/m^(2))area of China’s solar energy resources category A,and nearly 40%belongs to the“Quite abundant”(1400≤GHI<1750)area of China’s solar energy resource category B.2)In space,the solar energy resources in Tibet increased gradually from north to south and from east to west.Lhasa,Central and Eastern Shigatse,Shannan,and Southwestern Ali are the most abundant cities,with a maximum annual radiation level of 2189 kWh/m2.3)In terms of time,the total horizontal radiation in Tibet was the highest in May and the lowest in December.74%of the total area belongs to the“Very stable”(R_(w)≥0.47)area of solar resource stability category A,and 26%belongs to the“stable”(0.36≤R_(w)<0.47)area of solar resource stability category B.Solar energy resources in the region show the characteristics of both strong and stable.Average solar energy resources in the region have shown a fluctuating downward trend over the past 30 years,with an average decline of about 12.86(kWh/m2)per decade.4)In terms of solar radiation resources reaching the earth’s surface,the theoretical total amount of annual horizontal radiation in Tibet is about 240.07 billion tons of standard coal or 222.91 billion kilowatts on average.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Treatment(Grants No.2014ZX07405002,2012ZX07506007,2012ZX07506006,and 2012ZX07506002)the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.KJ2016A868)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘With a focus on the difficulty of quantitatively describing the degree of nonuniformity of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources, quantitative research was carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province from 1956 to 2000 based on a cloud model. The spatial variation of the temporal distribution characteristics and the temporal variation of the spatial distribution characteristics were both analyzed. In addition, the relationships between the numerical characteristics of the cloud model of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation were also studied. The results show that, using a cloud model, it is possible to intuitively describe the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in cloud images. Water resources in Guangdong Province and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics are differentiated by their geographic locations. Downstream and coastal areas have a larger amount of water resources with greater uniformity and stronger stability in terms of temporal distribution. Regions with more precipitation possess larger amounts of water resources, and years with more precipitation show greater nonuniformity in the spatial distribution of water resources. The correlation between the nonuniformity of the temporal distribution and local precipitation is small, and no correlation is found between the stability of the nonuniformity of the temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation. The amount of water resources in Guangdong Province shows an increasing trend from 1956 to 2000, the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources declines, and the stability of the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources is enhanced.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB338002the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11304397 and 61505261
文摘The quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to share a secret key by typically making use of a one-way quantum channel. Howevery the two-way QKD has its own unique advantages, which means the two-way QKD has become a focus recently. To improve the practieM performance of the two-way QKD, we present a security analysis of a two-way QKD protocol based on the decoy method with heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs). We make use of two approaches to calculate the yield and the quantum bit error rate of single-photon and two-photon pulses. Then we present the secret key generation rate based on the GLLP formula. The numerical simulation shows that the protocol with HSPSs has an advantage in the secure distance compared with weak coherent state sources. In addition, we present the final secret key by considering the statistical fluctuation of the yield generation rate of the LM05 protocol with finite resources and the error rate.
基金supported by Social Science Foundation of China(17CGL032)Gansu Provincial key research and development foundation(17YF1FA134)
文摘Face-to-face interviews(n=860) were conducted to determine cash-gift behavior, cognition and complexity of social relations, and family water consumption for agricultural production in a typical oasis area in Northwest China. The survey results revealed cash gifts to be the second-largest expenditure(1,330 Yuan) for rural households, far beyond the average spending on health(854.1 Yuan) or education(890.8 Yuan). The amount of cash-gift expenditures indirectly reflects a family's social relations level, and our developed Social Relations Extent Coefficient—based on cash-gift and food expenditures—can directly reflect the extent or level of these relationships. Different types of farmers or farming families have different coefficients. The coefficient also shows how social station affects a family's water resource utilization, and how water is distributed among different types of farmers. Despite the current inequities, however, promotion of better agricultural techniques and large-scale cultivation in this area could help distribute water resources more equitably and effectively.
文摘The overlapping generation models the western scholars have designed from various perspectives to address different kinds of issues do not reflect Chinese emerging political and economic problems, and cannot be entirely and blindly applied to Chinese practical situation. In this paper the authors endeavor to incorporate some western scholars' research results into their own research findings to present overlapping generations model theory in a new perspective through establishing an overlapping generations theory on population including articulation of concepts and theorems of biological generation, economic generation and social generation and the overlapping periods in biological generation and two overlapping periods in economic generation among three generations. This management model with equilibrium distribution of resource wealth includes overlapping generations length model (6), equilibrium transfer model (θ) and a complete model on equilibrium distribution among generations (δ-θ). The model
基金Supported by Philosophy and Social Science Prosperity Plan of University of Science and Technology Liaoning(2015FR02)
文摘From the perspective of tourism resources elements,we use abundance and geographic concentration methods to analyze the spatial distribution differences in the resources of 149 rural leisure tourist destinations in Liaoning Province. The results show that most of Liaoning's rural leisure tourist destination resources are mainly concentrated in the central,southern and eastern regions of Liaoning Province; in the main category of rural leisure tourism resources,water scenery,geological landform and mountain ecosystem concentrate,while agricultural resources and rural scenic view present balanced distribution; rural leisure tourism resources are highly concentrated in Shenyang,Dalian,Anshan,Benxi,Liaoyang and Dandong.
基金Supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2018HY-ZD0104)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900901)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2018A030313120)State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(LTO1806)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources in the northern South China Sea and to provide reference for scientific evaluation and effective protection of fishery resources in the northern South China Sea. [Methods] Based on monitoring data and satellite remote sensing data [including Sea Surface Temperature(SST), Chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a) and Sea Surface Wind(SSW)] in winter(January to February) and summer(August to September) in the northern South China Sea, the relationship between spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources and marine environment was investigated by using Generalized Linear Models(GLM), fishing ground gravity and correlation analysis. [Results] The suitable SST and Chl a of light falling-net fishing ground in winter were 17-23°C and 0.2-0.6 mg/m3, respectively. The suitable SST and Chl a in summer were approximately 28°C and 0.2-1.0 mg/m3. Standardized Catch Per Unit Effort(SCPUE) was higher in summer(2-4) and lower in winter(1-3). From winter to summer, the fishing ground gravity migrated to the east about 1 °E. [Conclusion] The spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources is related to eastern Hainan-western Guangdong upwelling and the coastal flow, caused by the monsoon in the northern South China Sea, and the major catch species of light falling-net.
文摘The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City was studied by using three algorithms (average nearest neighbor algorithm,kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse method).The results show that the medical resources for epidemic prevention in the main urban area of Handan City are all in a state of agglomeration,but due to the different functions of different types of medical resources,their distribution range and distribution direction also show different characteristics.Therefore,the spatial balance of comprehensive medical resources in the main urban area of Handan City needs to be further improved.
文摘This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China's mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China's mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China's mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 61571351, and 61401326)the important national science & technology specific projects 2015ZX03002006-003Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Program Nos. 2016JM6028 and 2016JQ6054)
文摘In this paper, we study the problem of resource allocation in small cell networks with distributed caching, that is, how to divide the spectrum resources for backhaul and access in order to improve network performance. We formulate our concerned problem by using multi-dimensional Markov model. Our problem considers that each user may access multiple small cell base stations. We conduct simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed resource allocation scheme. Our simulation results show that the appropriate spectrum resource allocation is important to improve network performance.
文摘Confronted with the requirement of higher efficiency and higher quality of distribution network fault rush-repair, the subject addressed in this paper is the optimal resource dispatching issue of the distribution network rush-repair when single resource center cannot meet the emergent resource demands. A multi-resource and multi-center dispatching model is established with the objective of “the shortest repair start-time” and “the least number of the repair centers”. The optimal and worst solutions of each objective are both obtained, and a “proximity degree method” is used to calculate the optimal resource dispatching plan. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of a distribution network fault. The proposed method provides a practical technique for efficiency improvement of fault rush-repair work of distribution network, and thus mostly abbreviates power recovery time and improves the management level of the distribution network.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0118000).
文摘The rapid development of cyber technology and the increase of flexible resources have transformed the distribution network into a cyber-physical distribution system,while the accompanying multidimensional uncertainties have brought new planning challenges.In this paper,an innovative approach is proposed to effectively leverage distributed resources while considering the impact of cyber-physical coupling in distribution network planning.A cyber-physical integrated planning model of the distribution network is proposed,considering the effects of spatial-temporal flexible resources and multi-network coupling.Specifically,a three-layer optimization model is established and analyzed by the simulate anneal-particle swarm optimization algorithm.The upper layer achieves the optimization of the location and configuration of energy storage systems and smart terminal units.The middle layer optimizes the data load migration strategy using spatial-temporal flexible resources to solve the voltage exceeding problem caused by high penetration of distributed power access,while the lower layer optimizes the cyber side communication topology,improving the convergence speed and control performance of the distribution network.Then,the optimization model is analyzed iteratively with objective functions including total planning cost,operation excess loss and distributed control performance.Finally,the effectiveness and economy of the proposed planning scheme is verified and compared to traditional methods.
文摘Based on the investigation data of 12 Haloxylon ammodendron plots in the south edge of Gurbantunggut Desert, Fuzzy distribution was introduced into the study of Haloxylon ammodendron base diameter structure fitting according to the consistency between the characteristics of Fuzzy distribution function and the distribution series of cumulative percentage of stand base diameter, and the fitting precision and effect of Fuzzy distribution function were discussed. The root mean square error RMSE and determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> values showed that Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>3</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> had good fitting performance, among which Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> had relatively high fitting precision, and its parameters were closely related to stand age and density, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub> distribution function was the second, and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> distribution function had the worst fitting effect. By introducing a parameter c from the similarity of four distribution function formulas, a generalized Fuzzy distribution function Fuzzy-Γ<sub>5</sub> is obtained. This function shows the highest fitting accuracy. Most of the values of parameter c are near 1 or 2, which shows that the diameter distribution is mainly approximate to Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>.
文摘BACKGROUND For compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)patients,the first decompensation represents a dramatically worsening prognostic event.Based on the first decompensation event(DE),the transition to decompensated advanced chronic liver disease(dACLD)can occur through two modalities referred to as acute decompensation(AD)and non-AD(NAD),respectively.Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension(CSPH)is considered the strongest predictor of decompensation in these patients.However,due to its invasiveness and costs,CSPH is almost never evaluated in clinical practice.Therefore,recognizing noninvasively predicting tools still have more appeal across healthcare systems.The red cell distribution width to platelet ratio(RPR)has been reported to be an indicator of hepatic fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease(MASLD).However,its predictive role for the decompensation has never been explored.AIM In this observational study,we investigated the clinical usage of RPR in predicting DEs in MASLD-related cACLD patients.METHODS Fourty controls and 150 MASLD-cACLD patients were consecutively enrolled and followed up(FUP)semiannually for 3 years.At baseline,biochemical,clinical,and Liver Stiffness Measurement(LSM),Child-Pugh(CP),Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD),aspartate aminotransferase/platelet count ratio index(APRI),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),Albumin-Bilirubin(ALBI),ALBI-FIB-4,and RPR were collected.During FUP,DEs(timing and modaities)were recorded.CSPH was assessed at the baseline and on DE occurrence according to the available Clinical Practice Guidelines.RESULTS Of 150 MASLD-related cACLD patients,43(28.6%)progressed to dACLD at a median time of 28.9 months(29 NAD and 14 AD).Baseline RPR values were significantly higher in cACLD in comparison to controls,as well as MELD,CP,APRI,FIB-4,ALBI,ALBI-FIB-4,and LSM in dACLD-progressing compared to cACLD individuals[all P<0.0001,except for FIB-4(P:0.007)and ALBI(P:0.011)].Receiving operator curve analysis revealed RPR>0.472 and>0.894 as the best cut-offs in the prediction respectively of 3-year first DE,as well as its superiority compared to the other non-invasive tools examined.RPR(P:0.02)and the presence of baseline-CSPH(P:0.04)were significantly and independently associated with the DE.Patients presenting baseline-CSPH and RPR>0.472 showed higher risk of decompensation(P:0.0023).CONCLUSION Altogether these findings suggest the RPR as a valid and potentially applicable non-invasive tool in the prediction of timing and modalities of decompensation in MASLD-related cACLD patients.
文摘The concept of the method resource is introduced to deal with the cooperative application problem of different electro-optical countermeasure equipments. Based on this concept, a new approach is introduced to distribute the jamming resources of electro-optical countermeasures, and it is used to deploy and manage electro-optical countermeasures resources under the restriction conditions of cooperation and incompatibility disposing. The resource management procedure is formalized by Finite State Machine (FSM). By using the cooperative resource operation system on the basis of multi-agent systems, a complex system with three incompatible swarms is constructed and cooperative operation procedures are demonstrated by simulations.
基金Sponsored by the Program of Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(Grant No.2016H0015)the Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Equipment Manufacturing in Fujian(Grant No.2015A003)
文摘From the perspective of the geographical distribution, considering production fare, supply chain information and quality rating of the manufacturing resource(MR), a manufacturing resource allocation(MRA) model considering the geographical distribution in cloud manufacturing(CM) environment is built. The model includes two stages, preliminary selection stage and optimal selection stage. The membership function is used to select MRs from cloud resource pool(CRP) in the first stage, and then the candidate resource pool is built. In the optimal selection stage, a multi-objective optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization(PSO) based on the method of relative entropy of fuzzy sets(REFS_PSO), is used to select optimal MRs from the candidate resource pool, and an optimal manufacturing resource supply chain is obtained at last. To verify the performance of REFS_PSO, NSGA-Ⅱ and PSO based on random weighting(RW_PSO) are selected as the comparison algorithms. They all are used to select optimal MRs at the second stage. The experimental results show solution obtained by REFS_PSO is the best. The model and the method proposed are appropriate for MRA in CM.
文摘This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.
文摘The distribution of resources is the basis of safety management.Based on thesystematic analysis of a resource distribution system affecting the level of safety,the bestdistribution proportion between safety activities and production and best resources distributionproportion among the various links of security activities are presented.Moreover,itis stated that the distribution of resources law needs to be researched deeply in practicalwork to achieve optimization of safety management practice.
基金Jiangsu Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Key Project"Research and reform of industry-needed pharmacy engineering talents incubation mode from the perspective of industry-teaching integration and innovation drive"(No.2023JSJG077)。
文摘China’s traditional medicine,science,and technology industry has great development potential.However,there is a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development.At the same time,the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards.Therefore,it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia.As an institution for cultivating talents,colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents.Based on the requirements put forward by China in education,this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major,determines the talent training goals,starts from the practical teaching aspect,and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system,summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system,and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.