Noninvasive Ventilation Interfaces in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: A Critical Review

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this review, we critically analyze randomized controlled trials on the most used NIV interfaces in the treatments of ARF. Methods: The searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Pedro databases from June to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2016 to 2021 in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years). The eligibility criteria for article selection were based on the PICO strategy: Population—Adults with ARF;Intervention—NIV Therapy;Comparison—Conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, or NIV;Outcome—improvement in ARF. The search for articles and the implementation of the inclusion criteria were independently conducted by two researchers. Results: Seven scientific articles involving 574 adults with ARF due to various causes, such as chest trauma, decompensated heart failure, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and postoperative period, among others, were included. The interfaces cited in the studies included an oronasal mask, nasal mask, full-face mask, and helmet. In addition, some favorable outcomes related to NIV were reported in the studies, such as a reduction in the rate of orotracheal intubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU. Conclusions: The most cited interfaces in the treatment of ARF were the oronasal mask and the helmet.

Risk factors and prognosis of critically ill cancer patients with postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and outcome of critically ill cancer patients with postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency.METHODS:The data of 190 critically ill cancer patients with postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency were retrospectively reviewed.The data of 321 patients with no acute respiratory insufficiency as controls were also collected.Clinical variables of the first 24 hours after admission to intensive care unit were collected,including age,sex,comorbid disease,type of surgery,admission type,presence of shock,presence of acute kidney injury,presence of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation(APACHE Ⅱ) score,sepsis-related organ failure assessment(SOFA),and PaO_2/FiO_2 ratio.Duration of mechanical ventilation,length of intensive care unit stay,intensive care unit death,length of hospitalization,hospital death and one-year survival were calculated.RESULTS:The incidence of acute respiratory insufficiency was 37.2%(190/321).Multivariate logistic analysis showed a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(P=0.001),surgeryrelated infection(P=0.004),hypo-volemic shock(P<0.001),and emergency surgery(P=0.018),were independent risk factors of postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency.Compared with the patients without acute respiratory insufficiency,the patients with acute respiratory insufficiency had a prolonged length of intensive care unit stay(P<0.001),a prolonged length of hospitalization(P=0.006),increased intensive care unit mortality(P=0.001),and hospital mortality(P<0.001).Septic shock was shown to be the only independent prognostic factor of intensive care unit death for the patients with acute respiratory insufficiency(P=0.029,RR:8.522,95%CI:1.243-58.437,B=2.143,SE=0.982,Wald=4.758).Compared with the patients without acute respiratory insufficiency,those with acute respiratory insufficiency had a shortened one-year survival rate(78.7%vs.97.1%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:A history of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,surgery-related infection,hypovolemic shock and emergency surgery were risk factors of critically ill cancer patients with postoperative acute respiratory insufficiency.Septic shock was the only independent prognostic factor of intensive care unit death in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency.Compared with patients without acute respiratory insufficiency,those with acute respiratory insufficiency had adverse shortterm outcome and a decreased one-year survival rate.

Effect of sedation on short-term and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with acute respiratory insufficiency

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the short-term and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with acute respiratory insuffi ciency who had received sedation or no sedation.METHODS: The data of 91 patients who had received mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours between November 2008 and October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: a sedation group(n=28) and a non-sedation group(n=63). The patients were also grouped in two groups: deep sedation group and daily interruption and /or light sedation group.RESULTS: Overall, the 91 patients who had received ventilation ≥48 hours were analyzed. Multivariate analysis demonstrated two independent risk factors for in-hospital death: sequential organ failure assessment score(P=0.019, RR 1.355, 95%CI 1.051–1.747, B=0.304, SE=0.130, Wald=50483) and sedation(P=0.041, RR 5.015, 95%CI 1.072–23.459, B=1.612, SE=0.787, Wald=4.195). Compared with the patients who had received no sedation, those who had received sedation had a longer duration of ventilation, a longer stay in intensive care unit and hospital, and an increased in-hospital mortality rate. The Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients who had received sedation had a lower 60-month survival rate than those who had received no sedation(76.7% vs. 88.9%, Log-rank test=3.630, P=0.057). Compared with the patients who had received deep sedation, those who had received daily interruption or light sedation showed a decreased in-hospital mortality rate(57.1% vs. 9.5%, P=0.008). The 60-month survival of the patients who had received deep sedation was signifi cantly lower than that of those who had daily interruption or light sedation(38.1% vs. 90.5%, Log-rank test=6.783, P=0.009).CONCLUSIONS: Sedation was associated with in-hospital death. The patients who had received sedation had a longer duration of ventilation, a longer stay in intensive care unit and in hospital, and an increased in-hospital mortality rate compared with the patients who did not receive sedation. Compared with daily interruption or light sedation, deep sedation increased the in-hospital mortality and decreased the 60-month survival for patients who had received sedation.

Surgical resection of a giant thymolipoma causing respiratory failure: A case report

BACKGROUND Thymolipoma is a rare benign tumor arising from the anterior mediastinal thymus and is composed of mature fatty tissue and interspersed nonneoplastic thymic tissue. This tumor accounts for only a small percentage of mediastinal masses, and the majority of them are asymptomatic and found incidentally. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been published in the world literature, of which most excised tumors weighed less than 0.5 kg and the largest weighed 6 kg.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old man presented with a complaint of progressive breathlessness for 6mo. His forced vital capacity was only 23.6% of the predicted capacity, and his arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide were 51 and 60 mmHg,respectively, without oxygen inhalation. Chest computed tomography revealed a large fat-containing mass in the anterior mediastinum that measured 26 cm × 20cm × 30 cm in size and occupied most of the thoracic cavity. Percutaneous mass biopsy revealed only thymic tissue without signs of malignancy. A right posterolateral thoracotomy was successfully performed to remove the tumor along with the capsule, and the excised tumor weighed 7.5 kg, which to our knowledge, was the largest surgically removed tumor of thymic origin. Postoperatively, the patient’s shortness of breath was resolved, and the histopathological diagnosis was thymolipoma. No signs of recurrence were observed at the 6-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Giant thymolipoma causing respiratory failure is rare and dangerous. Despite the high risks, surgical resection is feasible and effective.

匹多莫德对反复呼吸道感染儿童Th亚群的调节作用

目的探讨匹多莫德对RRTI患儿Th亚群的调节作用。方法将70例RRTI患儿随机分为匹多莫德组和对照组,观察RRTI患儿治疗前后Th1、Th2细胞亚群的变化情况。结果治疗前两组Th1/Th2比值基本一致(P>0.05);治疗后Th1/Th2比值与治疗前比较,匹多莫德组明显升高(P<0.01),对照组则变化不明显(P>0.05),两组间比较差别明显(P<0.01)。治疗组显效率71.4%、总有效率94.3%均明显高于对照组的17.1%、65.7%(均P<0.01)。结论匹多莫德通过调节RRTI患儿的Th1/Th2细胞平衡,改善了患儿的细胞免疫功能,使患儿机体抵抗外来病原微生物侵袭的能力得到了提高,治疗小儿RRTI疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床推广。

Rhabdomyolysis and respiratory insufficiency due to the common ETFDH mutation of c.250G>A in two patients with late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

To the Editor:Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency(MADD)is clinically characterized by a fluctuating or progressive proximal myopathy,exercise intolerance but good responsive to riboflavin.ETFDH mutations are a major cause of late-onset MADD.We analyzed the clinical course,biochemical studies,and muscle magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and pathologies of two late-onset MADD adult male patients who were misdiagnosed as polymyositis and presented with serious clinical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and respiratory insufficient after using large dosage of intravenous glucocorticoids.Our current report broadens the clinical phenotypes spectrum of MADD and reminds clinicians to be cautious about using large dosage glucocorticoids in metabolic compromised patients.

Nafamostat mesylate-induced hyperkalemia in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Four case reports

BACKGROUND Nafamostat mesylate(NM)may prove to be one of the key drugs effective against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)because of its anti-viral properties and the potential to manage coagulopathy.However,NM tends to increase serum potassium levels.CASE SUMMARY We observed hyperkalemia immediately after NM administration(200 mg/d)in four consecutive patients who were admitted to the Kanazawa University Hospital with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Urinary potassium excretion decreased after NM administration in three patients who underwent urinalysis.CONCLUSION NM is likely to produce hyperkalemia in patients with COVID-19.Therefore,it is necessary to monitor serum potassium values closely after NM initiation in COVID-19 patients who need respiratory support.

Mesenchymal stromal cells as potential immunomodulatory players in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by SARSCoV- 2 infection

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the related coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)is a worldwide emerging situation,which was initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan,China.Currently,more than 7258842 new cases,and more than 411879 deaths have been reported globally.This new highly transmitted coronavirus is responsible for the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.Due to this disorder,a great number of patients are hospitalized in the intensive care unit followed by connection to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for breath supporting and survival.Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is mostly accompanied by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-2,IL-6,IL-7,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(GSCF),interferon-inducible protein 10(IP10),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP1),macrophage inflammatory protein 1A(MIP1A),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),an event which is known as“cytokine storm”.Further disease pathology involves a generalized modulation of immune responses,leading to fatal multiorgan failure.Currently,no specific treatment or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has been developed.Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),which are known for their immunosuppressive actions,could be applied as an alternative co-therapy in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.Specifically,MSCs can regulate the immune responses through the conversion of Th1 to Th2,activation of M2 macrophages,and modulation of dendritic cells maturation.These key immunoregulatory properties of MSCs may be exerted either by produced soluble factors or by cell-cell contact interactions.To date,several clinical trials have been registered to assess the safety,efficacy,and therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19.Moreover,MSC treatment may be effective for the reversion of ground-glass opacity of damaged lungs and reduce the tissue fibrosis.Taking into account the multifunctional properties of MSCs,the proposed stem-cell-based therapy may be proven significantly effective in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.The current therapeutic strategy may improve the patient’s overall condition and in parallel may decrease the mortality rate of the current disease.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 presenting with dyspnea:A case report

BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1)is a genetic neuromuscular disease involving multiple systems,especially the cardiopulmonary system.The clinical phenotype of DM1 patients is highly variable,which limits early diagnosis and treatment.In the present study,we reported a 35-year-old female DM1 patient with dyspnea as the primary onset clinical manifestation,analyzed her family's medical history,and reviewed related literature.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea of 1 mo duration,and sleep apnea for 3 d.Her respiratory pattern and effort were normal,but limb muscle tension was low.Investigation into the patient's medical history revealed that she might have hereditary neuromuscular disease.Electromyography showed that her myotonia potentials were visible in the resting state of the examined muscles,with decreased motor unit potential time limit and amplitude.Genetic testing for DM1 revealed that the cytosine-thymine-guanine(CTG)repeat number of the DMPK gene exceeded 50,while cytosine-CTG expansion in intron 1 of ZNF9 gene was<30 repeats.The patient was diagnosed with DM1.CONCLUSION DM1 is a genetic neuromuscular disease involving multiple systems,and the clinical phenotype in DM1 is extremely variable.Some patients with DM1 may be presented at the respiratory department because of dyspnea,which should be cautioned by the pulmonologists.There may be no obvious or specific symptoms in the early stage of disease,and clinicians should improve their understanding of DM1 and make an early diagnosis,which will improve patients’quality of life.

Oxygen affinity and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level of erythrocytes in patients with cor pulmonale

Arterial blood gases,intraerythrocytic pH (pHi),2,3-diphosphoglycerate,standardP 50 (P 50std) and in vivo P 50 (P 50iv) were determined in 54 patients with cor pulmonale and23 normal subjects.It was found that no significant change of pHi was observed but the differ-ence of pHi and extraerythrocytic pH was decreased.P 50std was significantly decreased whileP 50iv remained essentially unchanged in those cases showing type I respiratory failure.Thesefindings suggest that P 50std cannot accurately reflect the changes of P 50iv in patients of corpulmonale;P 50iv in cases of cor pulmonale usually keeps relatively stable and coincides withthe ‘optimal P 50’,which indicates the adaptation of the organism to chronic hypoxia;and rel-ative intraerythrocytic alkalosis plays an important role in the relief of hypercapnia in cases ofcor pulmonale.

BAG3-Related Myofibrillar Myopathy Presenting as Hypercapnia:A Case Report and Literature Review

Objective BAG3-related myopathy is a rare condition so far reported in twenty patients worldwide.The purpose of this study was to draw attention to this rare disease and to the fact that BAG3-related myopathy should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of hypercapnia.Methods We report a sporadic case of a 14-year-old Chinese girl with a de novo p.Pro209 Leu mutation in BAG3 and reviewed the literatures for reported cases related to this mutation.Results We described a 14-year-old Chinese girl who presented with gradually appearing symptoms of hypercapnia that required assisted ventilation.The muscle biopsy and the blood whole-exome sequencing results confirmed the diagnosis of myofibrillar myopathy with a de novo p.Pro209 Leu mutation in BAG3.Totally twentyone patients from twenty families with a confirmed diagnosis of BAG3-related myopathy were reported to date,including this patient and literature review.The male to female ratio was 11:10 and most showed initial symptoms in the first decade of life.Most patients presented toe/clumsy walking or running as the onset symptom,followed by muscle weakness or atrophy.Creatine kinase levels were elevated in fourteen patients and were normal in three.Eighteen patients developed respiratory insufficiency during the disease course and thirteen(one could not tolerate non-invasive assisted ventilation)required non-invasive assisted ventilation for treatment.Except for one not reported,heart involvement was found in seventeen patients during the disease course and seven underwent heart transplantation.Z-disk streaming and aggregation could be observed in most of the patients’muscle histology.In the long-term follow-up,five patients died of cardiac or respiratory failure.Conclusion BAG3-associated myopathy is a rare type of myofibrillar myopathy.It should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of hypercapnia.

De novo mutation of NAXE(APOAIBP)-related early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1:A case report

BACKGROUND Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1(PEBEL1)is a rare autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic pathogenicity of PEBEL1 caused by rare NAXE(or APOA1BP)-related defects.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a girl aged 2 years and 10 mo.She was hospitalized due to walking disorder for>40 d.The clinical manifestations were ataxia,motor function regression,hypotonia,and eyelid ptosis.Within 1 mo of hospitalization,she developed sigh breathing,respiratory failure,cerebellar edema and brain hernia,and finally she died.Changes were found in cranial imaging,including cerebellar edema accompanied by symmetrical myelopathy.Through whole exome sequencing,we detected NAXE compound heterozygous variation(NM 144772.3)c.733A>C(p.Lys245Gln,dbSNP:rs770023429)and novel variation c.370G>T(p.Gly124Cys)in the germline gene.The clinical features and core phenotypes of this case were consistent with 18 previously reported cases of PEBEL1.CONCLUSION This is the first case of NAXE-related PEBEL1 with severe clinical phenotype in China' Mainland.The p.Gly124Cys mutation discovered in this case has enriched the pathogenic variation spectrum of NAXE.

COVID-19患者淋巴细胞数及Th/Tc值预测病情进展研究

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者病情进展与外周血淋巴细胞数(TLC)、CD4+T(Th)与CD8+T(Tc)比值变化情况,以及TLC和Th/Tc值作为新冠肺炎病情进展监测指标的可行性。方法收集2020年1月28日—2月10日某院确诊的12例COVID-19患者的实验室检测资料,根据临床症状分为重型/危重型组、轻型/普通型组两组,采用流式细胞仪检测两组患者外周血TLC,比较不同病情患者TLC、Th/Tc值。结果COVID-19患者TLC占比低于正常值范围,重型/危重型组较轻型/普通型组更低;COVID-19患者Th细胞占比、Th/Tc值高于正常范围,重型/危重型组比轻型/普通型组患者更高。流式检测结果显示,两组患者T淋巴细胞、Th细胞、Tc细胞绝对值均降低,轻型/普通型组、重型/危重型组T淋巴细胞[(913±275)μL VS(526±228)μL]、Th细胞[(530±99)μL VS(351±41)μL]、Tc细胞[(255±84)μL VS(128±70)μL]绝对值比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论通过TLC、Th/Tc的值判断COVID-19患者免疫状态,预测炎症水平,可为监测COVID-19患者疾病进展和确定抗“炎症因子风暴”治疗时机提供依据。

新冠疫情前后重症肺炎合并急性呼吸衰竭患儿的临床特点与病原学分析

目的探讨苏州地区新冠疫情前后急性重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭(sever pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory failure,SP-ARF)患儿的临床特点与病原学分析结果。方法本研究回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月所有入住苏州大学附属儿童医院SP-ARF患儿病历资料,根据疫情发生时间分为疫情前组(2018年1月至2019年12月)与疫情后组(2020年1月至2021年12月)2组,比较2组临床资料及病原学结果等。结果疫情前组141例,疫情后组127例,疫情后组月龄较大(P<0.05),合并基础疾病比例更高(P<0.05),疫情前后每年10-12月均是SP-ARF高发时段。疫情前病原学总检出116例,阳性率为82.27%,检出前4位依次为革兰阴性菌(36.88%)、革兰阳性菌(26.95%)、病毒(26.95%),肺炎支原体(9.22%);疫情后病原学总检出109例,阳性率为85.83%,检出前4位依次革兰阴性菌(37.80%)、病毒(28.35%)、革兰阳性菌(22.83%),肺炎支原体(9.45%)。结论疫情后无基础疾病的儿童进展为SP-ARF发生比例减少,无论疫情前后,每年10-12月均是SP-ARF高发时段,且两组患儿的病原体均以细菌为主,革兰阴性菌占比最高。

一种改良式氧气呼吸器在Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果

目的探讨一种改良式氧气呼吸器在Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年10月至2023年11月在入住山西医科大学第二医院Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料,按照吸氧面罩的不同种类分为对照组和观察组共88例,对照组48例使用抗生素+普通面罩吸氧治疗,观察组40例使用抗生素+改良式氧气呼吸器治疗。比较2组患者脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))下降发生率、饮水呛咳发生率、腹胀发生率、患者满意度得分情况。结果2组患者SpO_(2)下降发生率和饮水呛咳发生率分别为21%、15%,差异均有统计学意义;与对照组相比,观察组患者满意度得分有所提升,为2.9分,差异有统计学意义;腹胀发生率降低了4%,差异无统计学意义。结论Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者应用改良式氧气呼吸器可降低因暂停吸氧造成的SpO_(2)下降发生率、饮水呛咳发生率,有助于提高患者满意度,患者获益大,可在临床广泛应用。

高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸衰竭危险因素及预测模型的建立

目的分析高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎(HTG-AP)患者并发急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)的危险因素,并构建风险预测模型。方法222例HTG-AP患者根据ARF诊断指南分为非ARF组176例和ARF组46例,比较2组临床资料并筛选预测因子,将筛选的因子纳入多因素Logistic回归分析并建立回归模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准图及决策曲线分析(DCA)分别评估模型的预测能力、准确性及临床实用性。结果与非ARF组相比,ARF组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、白蛋白(ALB)水平降低(P<0.05),而肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平及胸水、腹水发生率升高(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高水平的Cr、AST,较低水平的ALB、HDL-C及有腹水为HTG-AP并发ARF的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于该结果建立HTG-AP并发ARF的列线图预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.952(95%CI:0.923~0.981),约登指数0.808,敏感度、特异度分别为93.33%、87.43%。校准曲线显示,模型预测HTG-AP并发ARF概率与实际发生概率具有较好一致性。DCA曲线显示,模型具有一定的临床实用价值。结论构建的列线图预测模型可为临床预防HTG-AP并发ARF提供方案。

不同支持模式下体外膜肺氧合期间患者血小板变化的回顾性队列研究

背景体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)已被广泛应用于治疗各类急危重症的心脏及呼吸功能衰竭疾病,但治疗过程中血小板计数(PLT)会显著下降,导致患者出血风险增加,从而影响患者预后。因此,研究ECMO治疗期间PLT的变化规律,有助于预防血小板下降所导致的出血相关风险,从而改善患者预后。目的回顾性分析不同支持模式下成人ECMO支持期间PLT的变化规律。方法纳入高州市人民医院心脏中心2019年1月—2021年10月进行静脉-静脉ECMO(V-V ECMO)或静脉-动脉ECMO(V-A ECMO)支持治疗的40例成年患者为研究对象。根据患者是否行心脏手术分为手术组(n=23)与非手术组(n=17),根据患者ECMO干预后是否死亡分为死亡组(n=22)和存活组(n=18)。收集患者基线资料,同时收集患者基线、ECMO前、干预期间PLT及血小板输注情况。结果患者平均年龄(49.0±17.8)岁,平均ECMO支持时间(6.0±3.2)d。手术组与非手术组患者ECMO干预原因比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ECMO干预前患者血小板减少发生率为18%(7/40),其中3例采用V-V ECMO,均患有重症肺炎,4例采用V-A ECMO;ECMO支持1 d后血小板减少发生率为56.0%(18/32),其中4例采用V-V ECMO,14例采用V-A ECMO;非手术组有9例患者输注血小板治疗,手术组患者有13例输注血小板治疗,患者首次血小板输注有效率为59.1%(13/22)。手术组ECMO前血小板减少比例高于非手术组(P<0.05)。非手术组ECMO支持第4天PLT最低,手术组ECMO支持第5天PLT最低。死亡组患者年龄高于存活组,ECMO支持时间、脱机率、ECMO支持第7天PLT低于存活组(P<0.05)。结论ECMO支持下的PLT于第3~4天达到最低值,患者预后与PLT存在相关性。患者首次输注异体血小板可以提升PLT,提示临床上可以根据PLT变化规律做好相应的干预准备,减少PLT过低引发出血等并发症,改善接受ECMO患者的预后。

新生儿重度窒息并发急性肾损伤的危险因素及近期预后分析

背景新生儿急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断困难,病死率高,而目前关于重度窒息并发新生儿AKI的相关研究相对缺乏。目的探讨新生儿重度窒息并发AKI的危险因素及近期预后情况,并分析相关因素的预测价值,以采取措施减少AKI的发生,并提高此类患儿的抢救成功率。方法纳入2016年1月—2023年1月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院新生儿重症监护病房住院治疗的172例重度窒息新生儿为研究对象,根据患儿是否并发AKI,分为AKI组(n=43)和非AKI组(n=129)。收集患儿临床资料和实验室检查结果,并记录AKI患儿的近期预后情况(住院期间存活或死亡)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究新生儿重度窒息并发AKI的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线探究相关指标对新生儿重度窒息并发AKI的预测价值。结果AKI组患儿胎龄、出生体质量、5 min Apgar评分、血小板计数低于非AKI组,昏迷状态比例、有创机械通气比例、合并呼吸衰竭比例、血胱抑素C(Cys C)高于非AKI组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,5 min Apgar评分(OR=1.553,95%CI=1.193~2.021,P=0.001)、有创机械通气(OR=2.965,95%CI=1.021~8.611,P=0.046)、血Cys C值(OR=0.231,95%CI=0.109~0.487,P<0.001)是新生儿重度窒息并发AKI的影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示血Cys C预测AKI的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.777(95%CI=0.701~0.854,P<0.05),5 min Apgar评分预测AKI的AUC为0.792(95%CI=0.715~0.869,P<0.05)。AKI组患儿住院病死率为51.2%(22/43),非AKI组患儿住院病死率为21.7%(28/129),AKI组患儿病死率高于非AKI组(χ^(2)=13.572,P<0.001)。结论低5 min Apgar评分、有创机械通气、出生后高血Cys C会增加重度窒息新生儿发生AKI的风险。5 min Apgar评分、出生后血Cys C是预测新生儿重度窒息并发AKI的可靠指标。

Paradoxical systemic toxicity by inhaled paraquat poisoning: A case report

Rationale:Multi-organ failure is a symptom of paraquat poisoning,resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates.Though paraquat is widely available,poisoning through inhalation is rare.Patient’s Concern:A 37-year-old male reported to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting after an alleged history of inhalation of paraquat while at work.Diagnosis:Paraquat poisoning.Interventions:Supportive management along with multiple sessions of hemodialysis.Outcomes:Renal complications caused by paraquat were improved after multiple sessions of hemodialysis.However,the patient developed respiratory complications and later due to persistent hypoxemia and non-responsive to supportive therapy,he succumbed to his illness.Lessons:Acute kidney injury is a complication of paraquat poisoning.However,kidney involvement with the inhalational mode is rare.It is caused by reduction and oxidation cycles,as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species,necessitating hemodialysis as the treatment.Without a clear history,a specific clinical trait,or a diagnostic test,diagnosis can be difficult.Our case thus highlights the inhaled paraquat poisoning,presenting with acute kidney injury with late respiratory impairment as a consequence.

乙酰半胱氨酸辅助无创呼吸机在老年COPD伴呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

【目的】探讨乙酰半胱氨酸辅助无创呼吸机治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。【方法】选取2020年12月至2023年4月在本院诊治的92例老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者,按照分层随机抽样法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组46例。对照组接受无创呼吸机治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用乙酰半胱氨酸治疗。比较两组呼吸动力学指标[呼吸频率(f)、潮气量(VT)、吸气时间(Ti)/呼吸周期总时间(Ttot)]、血气指标[氧合指数(OI)、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、肺功能指标[呼吸流量峰值(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)]、血清指标[肾上腺髓质素前体中段肽(MRpro-ADM)、生长调节致癌基因α(GRO-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]水平、生活质量[圣·乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分]。【结果】治疗14 d后,观察组f低于对照组,VT、Ti/Ttot高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组OI、SaO_(2)高于对照组,而PaCO_(2)低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PEF、FVC、FEV 1高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组MRpro-ADM、GRO-α、IL-6、CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组SGRQ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】乙酰半胱氨酸辅助无创呼吸机治疗老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者,可显著改善患者氧合和通气功能,增强肺功能,降低炎症因子水平,提高患者生活质量,是一种有效的治疗方案。